Effects of ractopamine and trenbolone acetate implants with or without estradiol on growth performance, carcass characteristics, adipogenic enzyme activity, and blood metabolites in feedlot steers and heifers

Journal of Animal Science

Volumn 88, Issue 12, 2010, Pages 4102-4119

  Bryant, T C ^a,b   Engle, T E ^a   Galyean, M L ^c   Wagner, J J ^a   Tatum, J D ^a   Anthony, R V ^a   Laudert, S B ^d  

^a Veterinary Dentistry and Oral Surgery   (United States)

^b JBS Five Rivers Cattle Feeding   (United States)

^c TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d ELANCO ANIMAL HEALTH   (United States)

Author keywords

Beta adrenergic agonist; Body composition; Growth; Hormone; Implant; Ractopamine

Indexed keywords

ANABOLIC AGENT; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR STIMULATING AGENT; DRUG DERIVATIVE; ESTRADIOL; ESTROGEN; PHENETHYLAMINE DERIVATIVE; RACTOPAMINE; TRENBOLONE; TRENBOLONE ACETATE;

ADIPOGENESIS; ANIMAL; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; ARTICLE; BLOOD; BODY COMPOSITION; CATTLE; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DRUG EFFECT; FEMALE; GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND AGING; MALE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL;

ADIPOGENESIS; ADRENERGIC BETA-AGONISTS; ANABOLIC AGENTS; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; ANIMALS; BODY COMPOSITION; CATTLE; ESTRADIOL; ESTROGENS; FEMALE; MALE; PHENETHYLAMINES; TRENBOLONE;

BOS;

EID: 78649660285     PISSN: 00218812     EISSN: 15253163     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2527/jas.2010-2901     Document Type: Article

References (64)

1. Adeola, O., B. W. McBride, and L. G. Young. 1992. Metabolic responses induced by isoproternol in ractopamine-fed pigs. J. Nutr. 122:1280-1286.
2. Berrie, R. A., D. M. Hallford, and M. L. Galyean. 1995. Effects of zinc source and level on performance, carcass characteristics, and metabolic hormone concentrations of growing and finishing lambs. Prof. Anim. Sci. 11:149-156.
3. Bruns, K. W., R. H. Pritchard, and D. L. Boggs. 2005. The effect of stage of growth and implant exposure on performance and carcass composition in steers. J. Anim. Sci. 83:108-116.
4. Bryant, T. C., J. J. Wagner, J. D. Tatum, M. L. Galyean, R. V. Anthony, and T. E. Engle. 2010. Effect of dietary supplemental vitamin A concentration on performance, carcass merit, serum metabolites, and lipogenic enzyme activity in yearling beef steers. J. Anim. Sci. 88:1463-1478.
5. Byrem, T. M., D. H. Beermann, and T. F. Robinson. 1998. The beta-agonist cimaterol directly enhances chronic protein accretion in skeletal muscle. J. Anim. Sci. 76:988-998.
6. Chikou, F., A. P. Maloney, F. H. Austin, J. F. Roche, and W. J. Enright. 1991. Effects of cimaterol administration on plasma concentrations of various hormones and metabolites in Friesian steers. Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. 8:471-480.
7. Duckett, S. K., F. N. Owens, and J. G. Andrae. 1997. Effects of implants on performance and carcass traits of feedlot steers and heifers. Pages 63-82 in Proc. OSU Symposium: Impact of Implants on Performance and Carcass Value of Beef Cattle, Oklahoma Agric. Exp. Stn., Stillwater. P-957.
8. Eason, J. M., S. L. Dodd, and S. K. Powers. 2003. Use of anabolic steroids to attenuate the effects of glucocorticoids on the rat diaphragm. Phys. Ther. 83:29-36.
9. Eisemann, J. H., and D. G. Bristol. 1998. Change in insulin sensitivity or responsiveness is not a major component of the mechanism of action of ractopamine in beef steers. J. Nutr. 128:505-511.
10. Eisemann, J. H., G. B. Huntington, and C. L. Ferrell. 1988. Effects of dietary clenbuterol on metabolism of the hindquarters in steers. J. Anim. Sci. 66:342-353.
11. Elam, N. A., J. T. Vasconcelos, G. Hilton, D. L. VanOverbeke, T. E. Lawrence, T. H. Montgomery, W. T. Nichols, M. N. Streeter, J. P. Hutcheson, D. A. Yates, and M. L. Galyean. 2009. Effect of zilpaterol hydrochloride duration of feeding on performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 87:2133-2141.
12. Elsasser, T. H., T. S. Rumsey, S. Kahl, S. M. Czerwinski, W. M. Mosely, Y. Ono, M. B. Solomon, F. Harris, and J. M. Fagan. 1998. Effects of Synovex-S and recombinant bovine growth hormone (Somavubove) on growth responses of steers: III. Muscle growth and protein responses. J. Anim. Sci. 76:2346-2353.
13. Enright, W. J., J. F. Quirke, P. D. Gluckman, B. H. Breier, L. G. Kennedy, I. C. Hart, J. F. Roche, A. Coert, and P. Allen. 1990. Effects of long-term administration of pituitary-derived bovine growth hormone and estradiol on growth in steers. J. Anim. Sci. 68:2345-2356.
14. Gerken, C. L., J. D. Tatum, J. B. Morgan, and G. C. Smith. 1995. Use of genetically identical (clone) steers to determine the effects of estrogenic and androgenic implants on beef quality and palatability characteristics. J. Anim. Sci. 73:3317-3324.
15. Gorski, J., M. A. Seyfred, M. P. Kladde, D. A. Meier, and F. E. Murdoch. 1990. Steroid hormone regulation of gene expression. J. Anim. Sci. 68:18-27.
16. Guiroy, P. J., D. G. Fox, L. O. Tedeschi, M. J. Baker, and M. D. Cravey. 2001. Predicting individual feed requirements of cattle fed in groups. J. Anim. Sci. 79:1983-1995.
17. Guiroy, P. J., L. O. Tedeschi, D. G. Fox, and J. P. Hutcheson. 2002. The effects of implant strategy on finished body weight of beef cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 80:1791-1800.
18. Hayden, J. M., W. G. Bergen, and R. A. Merkel. 1992. Skeletal muscle protein metabolism and serum growth hormone, insulin, and cortisol concentrations in growing steers implanted with estradiol-17 beta plus trenbolone acetate. J. Anim. Sci. 70:2109-2119.
19. Herschler, R. C., A. W. Olmstead, A. J. Edwards, R. L. Hale, T. Montgomery, R. L. Preston, S. J. Bartle, and J. J. Sheldon. 1995. Production responses to various doses and ratios of estradiol benzoate and trenbolone acetate implants in steers and heifers. J. Anim. Sci. 73:2873-2881.
20. Hu, C. Y., A. Suryawan, N. E. Forsberg, R. H. Dalrymple, and C. A. Ricks. 1988. Effect of cimaterol on sheep adipose tissue lipid metabolism. J. Anim. Sci. 66:1393-1400.
21. Hunt, D. W., D. M. Henricks, G. C. Skelley, and L. W. Grimes. 1991. Use of trenbolone acetate and estradiol in intact and castrate male cattle: Effects on growth, serum hormones, and carcass characteristics. J. Anim. Sci. 69:2452-2462.
22. Johnson, B. J., P. T. Anderson, J. C. Meiske, and W. R. Dayton. 1996b. Effect of a combined trenbolone acetate and estradiol implant on feedlot performance, carcass characteristics, and carcass composition of feedlot steers. J. Anim. Sci. 74:363-371.
23. Johnson, B. J., M. R. Hathaway, P. T. Anderson, J. C. Meiske, and W. R. Dayton. 1996a. Stimulation of circulating insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBP) due to administration of a combined trenbolone acetate and estradiol implant in feedlot cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 74:372-379.
24. Jones, S. J., R. D. Johnson, C. R. Calkins, and M. E. Dikeman. 1991. Effects of trenbolone acetate on carcass characteristics and serum testosterone and cortisol concentrations in bulls and steers on different management and implant schemes. J. Anim. Sci. 69:1363-1369.
25. Kane, K. K., D. E. Hawkins, G. D. Pulsipher, D. J. Denniston, C. R. Krehbiel, M. G. Thomas, M. K. Petersen, D. M. Hallford, M. D. Remmenga, A. J. Roberts, and D. H. Keisler. 2004. Effect of increasing levels of undegradable intake protein on metabolic and endocrine factors in estrous cycling beef heifers. J. Anim. Sci. 82:283-291.
26. Kaplan, S. A., and P. Cohen. 2007. The somatomedin hypothesis 2007: 50 years later. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 92:4529-4535.
27. Kiyma, Z., B. M. Alexander, E. A. Van Kirk, W. J. Murdoch, D. M. Hallford, and G. E. Moss. 2004. Effects of feed restriction on reproductive and metabolic hormones in ewes. J. Anim. Sci. 82:2548-2557.
28. Laudert, S., G. Vogel, A. Schroeder, and W. Platter. 2007. Effect of ractopamine HCl on growth and carcass traits of finishing heifers fed to slaughter. J. Anim. Sci. 85(Suppl. 1):456. (Abstr.)
29. Laudert, S., G. Vogel, A. Schroeder, W. Platter, and M. Van Koevering. 2005a. Effects of ractopamine fed to finishing steers I-summary of six studies-growth performance. J. Anim. Sci. 83(Suppl. 1):112. (Abstr.)
30. Laudert, S., G. Vogel, A. Schroeder, W. Platter, and M. Van Koevering. 2005b. Effects of ractopamine fed to finishing steers IIsummary of six studies-carcass traits. J. Anim. Sci. 83(Suppl. 1):112. (Abstr.)
31. Littell, R. C., P. R. Henry, and C. B. Ammermann. 1998. Statistical analysis of repeated measures data using SAS procedures. J. Anim. Sci. 76:1216-1231.
32. Liu, C. Y., A. L. Grant, K. H. Kim, S. Q. Ji, D. L. Hancock, D. B. Anderson, and S. E. Mills. 1994. Limitations of ractopamine to affect adipose tissue metabolism in swine. J. Anim. Sci. 72:62-67.
33. Lough, D. S., S. Kahl, M. B. Solomon, and T. S. Rumsey. 1993. The effect of trenbolone acetate on performance, plasma lipids, and carcass characteristics of growing ram and ewe lambs. J. Anim. Sci. 71:2659-2665.
34. Ma, K., C. Mallidis, J. Artaza, W. Taylor, N. Gonzalez-Cadavid, and S. Bhasin. 2001. Characterization of 5'-regulatory region of human myostatin gene: Regulation by dexamethasone in vitro. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 281:E1128-E1136.
35. Mader, T. L., and W. M. Kreikemeier. 2006. Effects of growth-promoting agents and season on blood metabolites and body temperature in heifers. J. Anim. Sci. 84:1030-1037.
36. Mehaffey, J. M., J. C. Brooks, R. J. Rathmann, E. M. Alsup, J. P. Hutcheson, W. T. Nichols, M. N. Streeter, D. A. Yates, B. J. Johnson, and M. F. Miller. 2009. Effect of feeding zilpaterol hydrochloride to beef and calf-fed Holstein cattle on consumer palatability ratings. J. Anim. Sci. 87:3712-3721.
37. Miller, M. F., D. K. Garcia, M. E. Coleman, P. A. Ekeren, D. K. Lunt, K. A. Wagner, M. Procknor, T. H. Welsh Jr., and S. B. Smith. 1988. Adipose tissue, longissimus muscle and anterior pituitary growth and function in clenbuterol-fed heifers. J. Anim. Sci. 66:12-20.
38. Mills, S. E. 2002. Biological basis of the ractopamine response. J. Anim. Sci. 80:E28-E32.
39. Mills, S. E., C. Y. Liu, Y. Gu, and A. P. Schinkel. 1990. Effects of ractopamine on adipose tissue metabolism and insulin binding in finishing pigs. Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. 6:51-58.
40. Montgomery, T. H., P. F. Dew, and M. S. Brown. 2001. Optimizing carcass value and the use of anabolic implants in beef cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 79:E296-E306.
41. Morgan, J. B. 1997. Implant program effects on USDA beef carcass quality grade traits and meat tenderness. Pages 147-154 in Proc. OSU Symposium: Impact of Implants on Performance and Carcass Value of Beef Cattle, Oklahoma Agric. Exp. Stn., Stillwater. P-957.
42. Nichols, W. T., D. Brister, B. Burdett, J. P. Hutcheson, S. Nordstrom, C. D. Reinhardt, T. Shelton, and H. Newcomb. 2005. Revalor implant strategies. Tech. Bull. 12. Intervet, Millsboro, DE.
43. Nichols, W. T., M. L. Galyean, D. U. Thomson, and J. P. Hutcheson. 2002. Review: Effects of implants in the tenderness of beef. Prof. Anim. Sci. 18:202-210.
44. NRC. 1996. Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle. 7th ed. Natl. Acad. Press, Washington, DC.
45. Owens, F. N., D. R. Gill, D. S. Secrist, and S. W. Coleman. 1995. Review of some aspects of growth and development of feedlot cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 73:3152-3172.
46. Parr, S. L., K. Y. Chung, T. J. Baxa, L. D. Luqué, and B. J. Johnson. 2008. Effect of estradiol-17β, trenbolone acetate or the combination on adipogenic gene expression in finishing steers. Pages 126-127 (Abstr.) in Proc. Plains Nutrition Council Spring Conference, Texas Agrilife Res. Ext. Ctr., Texas A&M Univ. Publ. No. AREC 08-19, Amarillo.
47. Peterla, T. A., and C. G. Scanes. 1990. Effect of β-adrenergic agonists on lipolysis and lipogenesis by porcine adipose tissue in vitro. J. Anim. Sci. 68:1024-1029.
48. Platter, W. J., and W. T. Choat. 2008. Balancing beef quality and red meat yield with ractopamine hydrochloride. Pages 1-6 in Proc. 61st Am. Meat Sci. Assoc. Recip. Meat Conf., Savoy, IL.
49. Platter, W. J., J. D. Tatum, K. E. Belk, J. A. Scanga, and G. C. Smith. 2003. Effects of repetitive use of hormonal implants on beef carcass quality, tenderness, and consumer ratings of beef palatability. J. Anim. Sci. 81:984-996.
50. Preston, R. L., S. J. Bartle, T. R. Kasser, J. W. Day, J. J. Veenhuizen, and C. A. Baile. 1995. Comparative effectiveness of soma-totropin and anabolic steroids in feedlot steers. J. Anim. Sci. 73:1038-1047.
51. Roeber, D. L., R. C. Cannell, K. E. Belk, R. K. Miller, J. D. Tatum, and G. C. Smith. 2000. Implant strategies during feeding: Impact on carcass grades and consumer acceptability. J. Anim. Sci. 78:1867-1874.
52. Schakman, O., H. Gibson, and J. P. Thissen. 2008. Mechanisms of glucocorticoid-induced myopathy. J Endocrinol. 197:1-10.
53. Schneider, B. A., J. D. Tatum, T. E. Engle, and T. C. Bryant. 2007. Effects of heifer finishing implants on beef carcass traits and longissimus tenderness. J. Anim. Sci. 85:2019-2030.
54. Schroeder, S., D. Hancock, D. Mowrey, S. Laudert, G. Vogel, and D. Polser. 2005a. Dose titration of Optaflexx (ractopamine HCl) evaluating the effects on growth performance in feedlot heifers. J. Anim. Sci. 83(Suppl. 1):113. (Abstr.)
55. Schroeder, S., D. Hancock, D. Mowrey, S. Laudert, G. Vogel, and D. Polser. 2005b. Dose titration of Optaflexx (ractopamine HCl) evaluating the effects on growth performance in feedlot steers. J. Anim. Sci. 83(Suppl. 1):111. (Abstr.)
56. Schroeder, S., D. Hancock, D. Mowrey, S. Laudert, G. Vogel, and D. Polser. 2005c. Dose titration of Optaflexx (ractopamine HCl) evaluating the effects on standard carcass characteristics in feedlot heifers. J. Anim. Sci. 83(Suppl. 1):113-114. (Abstr.)
57. Schroeder, S., D. Hancock, D. Mowrey, S. Laudert, G. Vogel, and D. Polser. 2005d. Dose titration of Optaflexx (ractopamine HCl) evaluating the effects on standard carcass characteristics in feedlot steers. J. Anim. Sci. 83(Suppl. 1):111. (Abstr.)
58. Singh, R., J. N. Artaza, W. E. Taylor, N. F. Gonzalez-Cadavid, and S. Bhasin. 2003. Androgens stimulate myogenic differentiation and inhibit adipogenesis in C3H 10T1/2 pluripotent cells through an androgen receptor-mediated pathway. Endocrinology 144:5081-5088.
59. Smith, K. R., S. K. Duckett, M. J. Azain, R. N. Sonon Jr., and T. D. Pringle. 2007. The effect of anabolic implants on intramuscular lipid deposition in finished beef cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 85:430-440.
60. Solomon, A. M., and P. M. Bouloux. 2006. Modifying muscle massthe endocrine perspective. J. Endocrinol. 191:349-360.
61. Trenkle, A. 1983. Mechanisms of action for the use of anabolics in animals. Pages 65-71 in Anabolics in Animal Production. E. Meissonnier, ed. Office International des Epizooties, Paris, France.
62. Trenkle, A. 1997. Mechanisms of action of estrogens and androgens on performance of cattle-hormonal basis. Pages 15-22 in Proc. OSU Symposium: Impact of Implants on Performance and Carcass Value of Beef Cattle, Oklahoma Agric. Exp. Stn., Stillwater. P-957.
63. Walker, D. K., E. C. Titgemeyer, J. S. Drouillard, E. R. Loe, B. E. Depenbusch, and A. S. Webb. 2006. Effects of ractopamine and protein source on growth performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot heifers. J. Anim. Sci. 84:2795-2800.
64. Yang, H., M. J. Menconi, W. Wei, V. Petkova, and P. Hasselgren. 2005. Dexamethasone upregulates the expression of the nuclear cofactor p300 and its interaction with C/EBPβ in cultured myotubes. J. Cell. Biochem. 94:1058-1067