메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 13, Issue 6, 2010, Pages 781-785

Toxin-antitoxin systems: Why so many, what for?

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTITOXIN; BACTERIAL TOXIN;

EID: 78649649439     PISSN: 13695274     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2010.10.006     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (251)

References (54)
  • 1
    • 0022390750 scopus 로고
    • Effects of the ccd function of the F plasmid on bacterial growth
    • Jaffe A., Ogura T., Hiraga S. Effects of the ccd function of the F plasmid on bacterial growth. J Bacteriol 1985, 163:841-849.
    • (1985) J Bacteriol , vol.163 , pp. 841-849
    • Jaffe, A.1    Ogura, T.2    Hiraga, S.3
  • 2
    • 0020804285 scopus 로고
    • Mini-F plasmid genes that couple host cell division to plasmid proliferation
    • Ogura T., Hiraga S. Mini-F plasmid genes that couple host cell division to plasmid proliferation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1983, 80:4784-4788.
    • (1983) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.80 , pp. 4784-4788
    • Ogura, T.1    Hiraga, S.2
  • 4
    • 0345333119 scopus 로고
    • Unique type of plasmid maintenance function: postsegregational killing of plasmid-free cells
    • Gerdes K., Rasmussen P.B., Molin S. Unique type of plasmid maintenance function: postsegregational killing of plasmid-free cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1986, 83:3116-3120.
    • (1986) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.83 , pp. 3116-3120
    • Gerdes, K.1    Rasmussen, P.B.2    Molin, S.3
  • 5
    • 0028963606 scopus 로고
    • Programmed cell death in bacterial populations
    • Yarmolinsky M.B. Programmed cell death in bacterial populations. Science 1995, 267:836-837.
    • (1995) Science , vol.267 , pp. 836-837
    • Yarmolinsky, M.B.1
  • 6
    • 67649933665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comprehensive comparative-genomic analysis of type 2 toxin-antitoxin systems and related mobile stress response systems in prokaryotes
    • Makarova K.S., Wolf Y.I., Koonin E.V. Comprehensive comparative-genomic analysis of type 2 toxin-antitoxin systems and related mobile stress response systems in prokaryotes. Biol Direct 2009, 4:19.
    • (2009) Biol Direct , vol.4 , pp. 19
    • Makarova, K.S.1    Wolf, Y.I.2    Koonin, E.V.3
  • 7
    • 14244266086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toxin-antitoxin loci are highly abundant in free-living but lost from host-associated prokaryotes
    • Pandey D.P., Gerdes K. Toxin-antitoxin loci are highly abundant in free-living but lost from host-associated prokaryotes. Nucleic Acids Res 2005, 33:966-976.
    • (2005) Nucleic Acids Res , vol.33 , pp. 966-976
    • Pandey, D.P.1    Gerdes, K.2
  • 8
    • 46749132719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Automated discovery and phylogenetic analysis of new toxin-antitoxin systems
    • Guglielmini J., Szpirer C., Milinkovitch M.C. Automated discovery and phylogenetic analysis of new toxin-antitoxin systems. BMC Microbiol 2008, 8:104.
    • (2008) BMC Microbiol , vol.8 , pp. 104
    • Guglielmini, J.1    Szpirer, C.2    Milinkovitch, M.C.3
  • 9
    • 39149110856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RASTA-Bacteria: a web-based tool for identifying toxin-antitoxin loci in prokaryotes
    • Sevin E.W., Barloy-Hubler F. RASTA-Bacteria: a web-based tool for identifying toxin-antitoxin loci in prokaryotes. Genome Biol 2007, 8:R155.
    • (2007) Genome Biol , vol.8
    • Sevin, E.W.1    Barloy-Hubler, F.2
  • 10
    • 77951619556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abundance of type I toxin-antitoxin systems in bacteria: searches for new candidates and discovery of novel families
    • Fozo E.M., Makarova K.S., Shabalina S.A., Yutin N., Koonin E.V., Storz G. Abundance of type I toxin-antitoxin systems in bacteria: searches for new candidates and discovery of novel families. Nucleic Acids Res 2010, 38:3743-3759.
    • (2010) Nucleic Acids Res , vol.38 , pp. 3743-3759
    • Fozo, E.M.1    Makarova, K.S.2    Shabalina, S.A.3    Yutin, N.4    Koonin, E.V.5    Storz, G.6
  • 11
    • 35548944074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A linear pentapeptide is a quorum-sensing factor required for mazEF-mediated cell death in Escherichia coli
    • Kolodkin-Gal I., Hazan R., Gaathon A., Carmeli S., Engelberg-Kulka H. A linear pentapeptide is a quorum-sensing factor required for mazEF-mediated cell death in Escherichia coli. Science 2007, 318:652-655.
    • (2007) Science , vol.318 , pp. 652-655
    • Kolodkin-Gal, I.1    Hazan, R.2    Gaathon, A.3    Carmeli, S.4    Engelberg-Kulka, H.5
  • 12
    • 0030008368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An Escherichia coli chromosomal "addiction module" regulated by guanosine [corrected] 3',5'-bispyrophosphate: a model for programmed bacterial cell death
    • Aizenman E., Engelberg-Kulka H., Glaser G. An Escherichia coli chromosomal "addiction module" regulated by guanosine [corrected] 3',5'-bispyrophosphate: a model for programmed bacterial cell death. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996, 93:6059-6063.
    • (1996) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.93 , pp. 6059-6063
    • Aizenman, E.1    Engelberg-Kulka, H.2    Glaser, G.3
  • 13
    • 34548496904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What is the benefit to Escherichia coli of having multiple toxin-antitoxin systems in its genome?
    • Tsilibaris V., Maenhaut-Michel G., Mine N., Van Melderen L. What is the benefit to Escherichia coli of having multiple toxin-antitoxin systems in its genome?. J Bacteriol 2007, 189:6101-6108.
    • (2007) J Bacteriol , vol.189 , pp. 6101-6108
    • Tsilibaris, V.1    Maenhaut-Michel, G.2    Mine, N.3    Van Melderen, L.4
  • 14
    • 0035807805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RelE, a global inhibitor of translation, is activated during nutritional stress
    • Christensen S.K., Mikkelsen M., Pedersen K., Gerdes K. RelE, a global inhibitor of translation, is activated during nutritional stress. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2001, 98:14328-14333.
    • (2001) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.98 , pp. 14328-14333
    • Christensen, S.K.1    Mikkelsen, M.2    Pedersen, K.3    Gerdes, K.4
  • 15
    • 33846200333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of a higBA toxin-antitoxin locus in Vibrio cholerae
    • Budde P.P., Davis B.M., Yuan J., Waldor M.K. Characterization of a higBA toxin-antitoxin locus in Vibrio cholerae. J Bacteriol 2007, 189:491-500.
    • (2007) J Bacteriol , vol.189 , pp. 491-500
    • Budde, P.P.1    Davis, B.M.2    Yuan, J.3    Waldor, M.K.4
  • 16
    • 33745878537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of DNA replication and repair in thymineless death in Escherichia coli
    • Morganroth P.A., Hanawalt P.C. Role of DNA replication and repair in thymineless death in Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol 2006, 188:5286-5288.
    • (2006) J Bacteriol , vol.188 , pp. 5286-5288
    • Morganroth, P.A.1    Hanawalt, P.C.2
  • 17
    • 0041825422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toxin-antitoxin loci as stress-response-elements: ChpAK/MazF and ChpBK cleave translated RNAs and are counteracted by tmRNA
    • Christensen S.K., Pedersen K., Hansen F.G., Gerdes K. Toxin-antitoxin loci as stress-response-elements: ChpAK/MazF and ChpBK cleave translated RNAs and are counteracted by tmRNA. J Mol Biol 2003, 332:809-819.
    • (2003) J Mol Biol , vol.332 , pp. 809-819
    • Christensen, S.K.1    Pedersen, K.2    Hansen, F.G.3    Gerdes, K.4
  • 18
    • 74349123303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three new RelE-homologous mRNA interferases of Escherichia coli differentially induced by environmental stresses
    • Christensen-Dalsgaard M., Jorgensen M.G., Gerdes K. Three new RelE-homologous mRNA interferases of Escherichia coli differentially induced by environmental stresses. Mol Microbiol 2010, 75:333-348.
    • (2010) Mol Microbiol , vol.75 , pp. 333-348
    • Christensen-Dalsgaard, M.1    Jorgensen, M.G.2    Gerdes, K.3
  • 19
    • 77954022657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interaction specificity, toxicity and regulation of a paralogous set of ParE/RelE-family toxin-antitoxin systems
    • Fiebig A., Castro Rojas C.M., Siegal-Gaskins D., Crosson S. Interaction specificity, toxicity and regulation of a paralogous set of ParE/RelE-family toxin-antitoxin systems. Mol Microbiol 2010, 77:236-251.
    • (2010) Mol Microbiol , vol.77 , pp. 236-251
    • Fiebig, A.1    Castro Rojas, C.M.2    Siegal-Gaskins, D.3    Crosson, S.4
  • 20
    • 74249084586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comprehensive functional analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis toxin-antitoxin systems: implications for pathogenesis, stress responses, and evolution
    • Ramage H.R., Connolly L.E., Cox J.S. Comprehensive functional analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis toxin-antitoxin systems: implications for pathogenesis, stress responses, and evolution. PLoS Genet 2009, 5:e1000767.
    • (2009) PLoS Genet , vol.5
    • Ramage, H.R.1    Connolly, L.E.2    Cox, J.S.3
  • 21
    • 77749297993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The three RelE homologs of Mycobacterium tuberculosis have individual, drug-specific effects on bacterial antibiotic tolerance
    • Singh R., Barry C.E., Boshoff H.I. The three RelE homologs of Mycobacterium tuberculosis have individual, drug-specific effects on bacterial antibiotic tolerance. J Bacteriol 2010, 192:1279-1291.
    • (2010) J Bacteriol , vol.192 , pp. 1279-1291
    • Singh, R.1    Barry, C.E.2    Boshoff, H.I.3
  • 23
    • 77955628762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persister cells
    • Lewis K. Persister cells. Annu Rev Microbiol 2010, 64:357-372.
    • (2010) Annu Rev Microbiol , vol.64 , pp. 357-372
    • Lewis, K.1
  • 24
    • 10044266575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Specialized persister cells and the mechanism of multidrug tolerance in Escherichia coli
    • Keren I., Shah D., Spoering A., Kaldalu N., Lewis K. Specialized persister cells and the mechanism of multidrug tolerance in Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol 2004, 186:8172-8180.
    • (2004) J Bacteriol , vol.186 , pp. 8172-8180
    • Keren, I.1    Shah, D.2    Spoering, A.3    Kaldalu, N.4    Lewis, K.5
  • 25
    • 48749089081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of global regulators and nucleotide metabolism in antibiotic tolerance in Escherichia coli
    • Hansen S., Lewis K., Vulic M. Role of global regulators and nucleotide metabolism in antibiotic tolerance in Escherichia coli. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2008, 52:2718-2726.
    • (2008) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.52 , pp. 2718-2726
    • Hansen, S.1    Lewis, K.2    Vulic, M.3
  • 26
    • 33646549559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased persistence in Escherichia coli caused by controlled expression of toxins or other unrelated proteins
    • Vazquez-Laslop N., Lee H., Neyfakh A.A. Increased persistence in Escherichia coli caused by controlled expression of toxins or other unrelated proteins. J Bacteriol 2006, 188:3494-3497.
    • (2006) J Bacteriol , vol.188 , pp. 3494-3497
    • Vazquez-Laslop, N.1    Lee, H.2    Neyfakh, A.A.3
  • 27
    • 77649174212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ciprofloxacin causes persister formation by inducing the TisB toxin in Escherichia coli
    • Dorr T., Vulic M., Lewis K. Ciprofloxacin causes persister formation by inducing the TisB toxin in Escherichia coli. PLoS Biol 2010, 8:e1000317.
    • (2010) PLoS Biol , vol.8
    • Dorr, T.1    Vulic, M.2    Lewis, K.3
  • 28
    • 51649129121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A small SOS-induced toxin is targeted against the inner membrane in Escherichia coli
    • Unoson C., Wagner E.G. A small SOS-induced toxin is targeted against the inner membrane in Escherichia coli. Mol Microbiol 2008, 70:258-270.
    • (2008) Mol Microbiol , vol.70 , pp. 258-270
    • Unoson, C.1    Wagner, E.G.2
  • 29
    • 63449105641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A toxin-antitoxin system promotes the maintenance of an integrative conjugative element
    • Wozniak R.A., Waldor M.K. A toxin-antitoxin system promotes the maintenance of an integrative conjugative element. PLoS Genet 2009, 5:e1000439.
    • (2009) PLoS Genet , vol.5
    • Wozniak, R.A.1    Waldor, M.K.2
  • 30
    • 78149431734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integrons. Annu Rev Genetics, in press
    • Cambray G, Guérout A, Mazel D: Integrons. Annu Rev Genetics, in press, doi:10.1146/annurev-genet-102209-163504.
    • Cambray, G.1    Guérout, A.2    Mazel, D.3
  • 31
    • 33947330447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chromosomal toxin-antitoxin loci can diminish large-scale genome reductions in the absence of selection
    • Szekeres S., Dauti M., Wilde C., Mazel D., Rowe-Magnus D.A. Chromosomal toxin-antitoxin loci can diminish large-scale genome reductions in the absence of selection. Mol Microbiol 2007, 63:1588-1605.
    • (2007) Mol Microbiol , vol.63 , pp. 1588-1605
    • Szekeres, S.1    Dauti, M.2    Wilde, C.3    Mazel, D.4    Rowe-Magnus, D.A.5
  • 32
    • 34147093024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional interactions between coexisting toxin-antitoxin systems of the ccd family in Escherichia coli O157:H7
    • Wilbaux M., Mine N., Guerout A.M., Mazel D., Van Melderen L. Functional interactions between coexisting toxin-antitoxin systems of the ccd family in Escherichia coli O157:H7. J Bacteriol 2007, 189:2712-2719.
    • (2007) J Bacteriol , vol.189 , pp. 2712-2719
    • Wilbaux, M.1    Mine, N.2    Guerout, A.M.3    Mazel, D.4    Van Melderen, L.5
  • 33
    • 33749178742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two higBA loci in the Vibrio cholerae superintegron encode mRNA cleaving enzymes and can stabilize plasmids
    • Christensen-Dalsgaard M., Gerdes K. Two higBA loci in the Vibrio cholerae superintegron encode mRNA cleaving enzymes and can stabilize plasmids. Mol Microbiol 2006, 62:397-411.
    • (2006) Mol Microbiol , vol.62 , pp. 397-411
    • Christensen-Dalsgaard, M.1    Gerdes, K.2
  • 34
    • 70349149070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutagenesis and functional characterization of the RNA and protein components of the toxIN abortive infection and toxin-antitoxin locus of Erwinia
    • Blower T.R., Fineran P.C., Johnson M.J., Toth I.K., Humphreys D.P., Salmond G.P. Mutagenesis and functional characterization of the RNA and protein components of the toxIN abortive infection and toxin-antitoxin locus of Erwinia. J Bacteriol 2009, 191:6029-6039.
    • (2009) J Bacteriol , vol.191 , pp. 6029-6039
    • Blower, T.R.1    Fineran, P.C.2    Johnson, M.J.3    Toth, I.K.4    Humphreys, D.P.5    Salmond, G.P.6
  • 35
    • 5644239810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Escherichia coli mazEF-mediated cell death as a defense mechanism that inhibits the spread of phage P1
    • Hazan R., Engelberg-Kulka H. Escherichia coli mazEF-mediated cell death as a defense mechanism that inhibits the spread of phage P1. Mol Genet Genomics 2004, 272:227-234.
    • (2004) Mol Genet Genomics , vol.272 , pp. 227-234
    • Hazan, R.1    Engelberg-Kulka, H.2
  • 36
    • 0029972435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exclusion of T4 phage by the hok/sok killer locus from plasmid R1
    • Pecota D.C., Wood T.K. Exclusion of T4 phage by the hok/sok killer locus from plasmid R1. J Bacteriol 1996, 178:2044-2050.
    • (1996) J Bacteriol , vol.178 , pp. 2044-2050
    • Pecota, D.C.1    Wood, T.K.2
  • 37
    • 46049106335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chromosomal toxin-antitoxin systems may act as anti-addiction modules
    • Saavedra De Bast M., Mine N., Van Melderen L. Chromosomal toxin-antitoxin systems may act as anti-addiction modules. J Bacteriol 2008, 190:4603-4609.
    • (2008) J Bacteriol , vol.190 , pp. 4603-4609
    • Saavedra De Bast, M.1    Mine, N.2    Van Melderen, L.3
  • 38
    • 57149085868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genomics of bacteria and archaea: the emerging dynamic view of the prokaryotic world
    • Koonin E.V., Wolf Y.I. Genomics of bacteria and archaea: the emerging dynamic view of the prokaryotic world. Nucleic Acids Res 2008, 36:6688-6719.
    • (2008) Nucleic Acids Res , vol.36 , pp. 6688-6719
    • Koonin, E.V.1    Wolf, Y.I.2
  • 40
    • 60849121408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HicA of Escherichia coli defines a novel family of translation-independent mRNA interferases in bacteria and archaea
    • Jorgensen M.G., Pandey D.P., Jaskolska M., Gerdes K. HicA of Escherichia coli defines a novel family of translation-independent mRNA interferases in bacteria and archaea. J Bacteriol 2009, 191:1191-1199.
    • (2009) J Bacteriol , vol.191 , pp. 1191-1199
    • Jorgensen, M.G.1    Pandey, D.P.2    Jaskolska, M.3    Gerdes, K.4
  • 42
    • 77951555583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New toxins homologous to ParE belonging to three-component toxin-antitoxin systems in Escherichia coli O157:H7
    • Hallez R., Geeraerts D., Sterckx Y., Mine N., Loris R., Van Melderen L. New toxins homologous to ParE belonging to three-component toxin-antitoxin systems in Escherichia coli O157:H7. Mol Microbiol 2010, 76:719-732.
    • (2010) Mol Microbiol , vol.76 , pp. 719-732
    • Hallez, R.1    Geeraerts, D.2    Sterckx, Y.3    Mine, N.4    Loris, R.5    Van Melderen, L.6
  • 43
    • 77956905629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Within-host competition selects for plasmid-encoded toxin-antitoxin systems
    • Cooper T.F., Paixao T., Heinemann J.A. Within-host competition selects for plasmid-encoded toxin-antitoxin systems. Proc Biol Sci 2010.
    • (2010) Proc Biol Sci
    • Cooper, T.F.1    Paixao, T.2    Heinemann, J.A.3
  • 44
    • 0033740341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postsegregational killing does not increase plasmid stability but acts to mediate the exclusion of competing plasmids
    • Cooper T.F., Heinemann J.A. Postsegregational killing does not increase plasmid stability but acts to mediate the exclusion of competing plasmids. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2000, 97:12643-12648.
    • (2000) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.97 , pp. 12643-12648
    • Cooper, T.F.1    Heinemann, J.A.2
  • 45
    • 67650299651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The decay of the chromosomally encoded ccdO157 toxin-antitoxin system in the Escherichia coli species
    • Mine N., Guglielmini J., Wilbaux M., Van Melderen L. The decay of the chromosomally encoded ccdO157 toxin-antitoxin system in the Escherichia coli species. Genetics 2009, 181:1557-1566.
    • (2009) Genetics , vol.181 , pp. 1557-1566
    • Mine, N.1    Guglielmini, J.2    Wilbaux, M.3    Van Melderen, L.4
  • 46
    • 37649005671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MazF, an mRNA interferase, mediates programmed cell death during multicellular Myxococcus development
    • Nariya H., Inouye M. MazF, an mRNA interferase, mediates programmed cell death during multicellular Myxococcus development. Cell 2008, 132:55-66.
    • (2008) Cell , vol.132 , pp. 55-66
    • Nariya, H.1    Inouye, M.2
  • 47
    • 0035883519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Behavior of restriction-modification systems as selfish mobile elements and their impact on genome evolution
    • Kobayashi I. Behavior of restriction-modification systems as selfish mobile elements and their impact on genome evolution. Nucleic Acids Res 2001, 29:3742-3756.
    • (2001) Nucleic Acids Res , vol.29 , pp. 3742-3756
    • Kobayashi, I.1
  • 48
    • 0033036731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple hok genes on the chromosome of Escherichia coli
    • Pedersen K., Gerdes K. Multiple hok genes on the chromosome of Escherichia coli. Mol Microbiol 1999, 32:1090-1102.
    • (1999) Mol Microbiol , vol.32 , pp. 1090-1102
    • Pedersen, K.1    Gerdes, K.2
  • 49
    • 0036062728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular characterization of long direct repeat (LDR) sequences expressing a stable mRNA encoding for a 35-amino-acid cell-killing peptide and a cis-encoded small antisense RNA in Escherichia coli
    • Kawano M., Oshima T., Kasai H., Mori H. Molecular characterization of long direct repeat (LDR) sequences expressing a stable mRNA encoding for a 35-amino-acid cell-killing peptide and a cis-encoded small antisense RNA in Escherichia coli. Mol Microbiol 2002, 45:333-349.
    • (2002) Mol Microbiol , vol.45 , pp. 333-349
    • Kawano, M.1    Oshima, T.2    Kasai, H.3    Mori, H.4
  • 50
    • 57349189421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Small toxic proteins and the antisense RNAs that repress them
    • Fozo E.M., Hemm M.R., Storz G. Small toxic proteins and the antisense RNAs that repress them. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2008, 72:579-589.
    • (2008) Microbiol Mol Biol Rev , vol.72 , pp. 579-589
    • Fozo, E.M.1    Hemm, M.R.2    Storz, G.3
  • 51
    • 63449102873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bacterial toxin-antitoxin systems: more than selfish entities?
    • Van Melderen L., Saavedra De Bast M. Bacterial toxin-antitoxin systems: more than selfish entities?. PLoS Genet 2009, 5:e1000437.
    • (2009) PLoS Genet , vol.5
    • Van Melderen, L.1    Saavedra De Bast, M.2
  • 53
    • 23644443867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The toxin-antitoxin system of the streptococcal plasmid pSM19035
    • Zielenkiewicz U., Ceglowski P. The toxin-antitoxin system of the streptococcal plasmid pSM19035. J Bacteriol 2005, 187:6094-6105.
    • (2005) J Bacteriol , vol.187 , pp. 6094-6105
    • Zielenkiewicz, U.1    Ceglowski, P.2
  • 54
    • 67449100648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The vapBC operon from Mycobacterium smegmatis is an autoregulated toxin-antitoxin module that controls growth via inhibition of translation
    • Robson J., McKenzie J.L., Cursons R., Cook G.M., Arcus V.L. The vapBC operon from Mycobacterium smegmatis is an autoregulated toxin-antitoxin module that controls growth via inhibition of translation. J Mol Biol 2009, 390:353-367.
    • (2009) J Mol Biol , vol.390 , pp. 353-367
    • Robson, J.1    McKenzie, J.L.2    Cursons, R.3    Cook, G.M.4    Arcus, V.L.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.