Somatosensory Areas of the Cerebral Cortex: Architectonic Characteristics and Modular Organization

The Senses: A Comprehensive Reference

Volumn 6, Issue , 2008, Pages 143-169

  Qi, H X ^a   Preuss, T M ^b   Kaas, J H ^a  

^a VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b EMORY UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Area 1; Area 2; Area 3a; Area 3b; Medial parietal cortex; Parietal ventral area; Posterior parietal cortex; Primary somatosensory cortex; S1; S2

Indexed keywords

EID: 78649441860     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-012370880-9.00350-9     Document Type: Chapter

References (137)

1. Andermann M.L., Moore C.I. A somatotopic map of vibrissa motion direction within a barrel column. Nat. Neurosci. 2006, 9(4):543-551.
2. Bailey P., Bonin G.V., McCulloch W.S. The Isocortex of the Chimpanzee 1950, The University of Illinois Press.
3. Beck P.D., Pospichal M.W., Kaas J.H. Topography, architecture, and connections of somatosensory cortex in opossums: evidence for five somatosensory areas. J. Comp. Neurol. 1996, 366(1):109-133.
4. Benison A.M., Rector D.M., Barth D.S. Hemispheric mapping of secondary somatosensory cortex in the rat. J. Neurophysiol. 2007, 97(1):200-207.
5. Blankenburg F., Ruben J., Meyer R., Schwiemann J., Villringer A. Evidence for a rostral-to-caudal somatotopic organization in human primary somatosensory cortex with mirror-reversal in areas 3b and 1. Cereb. Cortex 2003, 13(9):987-993.
6. Von Bonin G. The cerebral cortex of the cebus monkey. J. Comp. Neurol. 1938, 69:181-227.
7. Von Bonin G. The Cortex of Galago: Its Relation to the Pattern of the Primate Cortex 1945, The University of Illinois Press.
8. Von Bonin G., Bailey P. The Neocortex of Macaca mulata 1947, The University of Illinois Press.
9. Bremmer F., Schlack A., Duhamel J.R., Graf W., Fink G.R. Space coding in primate posterior parietal cortex. Neuroimage 2001, 14(1 Pt 2):S46-S51.
10. Brodmann K. Vergleichende Lokalisationsiehre der Grosshirnrinde in ihren Prinzipien Dargestellt auf Grund des Zellenbaues 1909, Barth.
11. Bruno R.M., Khatri V., Land P.W., Simons D.J. Thalamocortical angular tuning domains within individual barrels of rat somatosensory cortex. J. Neurosci. 2003, 23(29):9565-9574.
12. Burton H., Carlson M. Second somatic sensory cortical area (SII) in a prosimian primate, Galago crassicaudatus. J. Comp. Neurol. 1986, 247(2):200-220.
13. Campbell M.J., Morrison J.H. Monoclonal antibody to neurofilament protein (SMI-32) labels a subpopulation of pyramidal neurons in the human and monkey neocortex. J. Comp. Neurol. 1989, 282(2):191-205.
14. Carlson M., Welt C. Somatic sensory cortex (SmI) of the prosimian primate Galago crassicaudatus: organization of mechanoreceptive input from the hand in relation to cytoarchitecture. J. Comp. Neurol. 1980, 189(2):249-271.
15. Carlson M., Huerta M.F., Cusick C.G., Kaas J.H. Studies on the evolution of multiple somatosensory representations in primates: the organization of anterior parietal cortex in the New World callitrichid, Saguinus. J. Comp. Neurol. 1986, 246(3):409-426.
16. Catania K.C., Kaas J.H. Organization of the somatosensory cortex of the star-nosed mole. J. Comp. Neurol. 1995, 351(4):549-567.
17. Catania K.C., Remple M.S. Somatosensory cortex dominated by the representation of teeth in the naked mole-rat brain. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2002, 99(8):5692-5697.
18. Catania K.C., Jain N., Franca J.G., Volchan E., Kaas J.H. The organization of somatosensory cortex in the short-tailed opossum (Monodelphis domestica). Somatosens. Mot. Res. 2000, 17(1):39-51.
19. Catania K.C., Lyon D.C., Mock O.B., Kaas J.H. Cortical organization in shrews: evidence from five species. J. Comp. Neurol. 1999, 410(1):55-72.
20. Cavada C., Goldman-Rakic P.S. Posterior parietal cortex in rhesus monkey: II. evidence for segregated corticocortical networks linking sensory and limbic areas with the frontal lobe. J. Comp. Neurol. 1989, 287(4):422-445.
21. Chapin J.K., Lin C.S. Mapping the body representation in the SI cortex of anesthetized and awake rats. J. Comp. Neurol. 1984, 229(2):199-213.
22. Chen L.M., Friedman R.M., Ramsden B.M., LaMotte R.H., Roe A.W. Fine-scale organization of SI (area 3b) in the squirrel monkey revealed with intrinsic optical imaging. J. Neurophysiol. 2001, 86(6):3011-3029.
23. Choi H.J., Zilles K., Mohlberg H., Schleicher A., Fink G.R., Armstrong E., Amunts K. Cytoarchitectonic identification and probabilistic mapping of two distinct areas within the anterior ventral bank of the human intraparietal sulcus. J. Comp. Neurol. 2006, 495(1):53-69.
24. Cooper N.G., Steindler D.A. Lectins demarcate the barrel subfield in the somatosensory cortex of the early postnatal mouse. J. Comp. Neurol. 1986, 249(2):157-169.
25. Coq J.O., Qi H., Collins C.E., Kaas J.H. Anatomical and functional organization of somatosensory areas of the lateral fissure of the New World titi monkey (Callicebus moloch). J. Comp. Neurol. 2004, 476(4):363-387.
26. Cusick C.G., Steindler D.A., Kaas J.H. Corticocortical and collateral thalamocortical connections of postcentral somatosensory cortical areas in squirrel monkeys: a double-labeling study with radiolabeled wheatgerm agglutinin and wheatgerm agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase. Somatosens. Res. 1985, 3(1):1-31.
27. Cusick C.G., Wall J.T., Felleman D.J., Kaas J.H. Somatotopic organization of the lateral sulcus of owl monkeys: area 3b, S-II, and a ventral somatosensory area. J. Comp. Neurol. 1989, 282(2):169-190.
28. Dawson D.R., Killackey H.P. The organization and mutability of the forepaw and hindpaw representations in the somatosensory cortex of the neonatal rat. J. Comp. Neurol. 1987, 256(2):246-256.
29. Disbrow E., Roberts T., Krubitzer L. Somatotopic organization of cortical fields in the lateral sulcus of Homo sapiens: evidence for SII and PV. J. Comp. Neurol. 2000, 418(1):1-21.
30. Economo C.V. The cytoarchitectonics of the human cerebral cortex 1929, Oxford University Press.
31. Eickhoff S.B., Schleicher A., Zilles K., Amunts K. The human parietal operculum. I. Cytoarchitectonic mapping of subdivisions. Cereb. Cortex 2006, 16(2):254-267.
32. Eickhoff S.B., Grefkes C., Zilles K., Fink G.R. The somatotopic organization of cytoarchitectonic areas on the human parietal operculum. Cereb. Cortex 2007, 17:1800-1811.
33. Eickhoff S.B., Weiss P.H., Amunts K., Fink G.R., Zilles K. Identifying human parieto-insular vestibular cortex using fMRI and cytoarchitectonic mapping. Hum. Brain Mapp. 2006, 27:611-621.
34. Eidelberg D., Galaburda A.M. Inferior parietal lobule. Divergent architectonic asymmetries in the human brain. Arch. Neurol. 1984, 41(8):843-852.
35. Eskenasy A.C., Clarke S. Hierarchy within human SI: supporting data from cytochrome oxidase, acetylcholinesterase and NADPH-diaphorase staining patterns. Somatosens. Mot. Res. 2000, 17(2):123-132.
36. Fang P.C., Stepniewska I., Kaas J.H. Ipsilateral cortical connections of motor, premotor, frontal eye, and posterior parietal fields in a prosimian primate, Otolemur garnetti. J. Comp. Neurol. 2005, 490(3):305-333.
37. Franca J.G., Qi H.S., Kaas J.H. Cortical connections and architecture of the somatosensory thalamus of prosimian galagos. Soc. Neurosci. Abst. 2003, 29:173-180.
38. Felleman D.J., Nelson R.J., Sur M., Kaas J.H. Representations of the body surface in areas 3b and 1 of postcentral parietal cortex of cebus monkeys. Brain Res. 1983, 268(1):15-26.
39. Friedman R.M., Chen L.M., Roe A.W. Modality maps within primate somatosensory cortex. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2004, 101(34):12724-12729.
40. Garraghty P.E., Florence S.L., Tenhula W.N., Kaas J.H. Parallel thalamic activation of the first and second somatosensory areas in prosimian primates and tree shrews. J. Comp. Neurol. 1991, 311(2):289-299.
41. Geyer S., Schleicher A., Zilles K. The somatosensory cortex of human: cytoarchitecture and regional distributions of receptor-binding sites. Neuroimage 1997, 6(1):27-45.
42. Geyer S., Schleicher A., Zilles K. Areas 3a, 3b, and 1 of human primary somatosensory cortex. Neuroimage 1999, 10(1):63-83.
43. Grefkes C., Weiss P.H., Zilles K., Fink G.R. Crossmodal processing of object features in human anterior intraparietal cortex: an fMRI study implies equivalencies between humans and monkeys. Neuron 2002, 35(1):173-184.
44. Hackett T.A., Stepniewska I., Kaas J.H. Subdivisions of auditory cortex and ipsilateral cortical connections of the parabelt auditory cortex in macaque monkeys. J. Comp. Neurol. 1998, 394(4):475-495.
45. Hilbig H., Bidmon H.J., Blohm U., Zilles K. Wisteria floribunda agglutinin labeling patterns in the human cortex: a tool for revealing areal borders and subdivisions in parallel with immunocytochemistry. Anat. Embryol. (Berl.) 2001, 203(1):45-52.
46. Huffman K.J., Krubitzer L. Thalamo-cortical connections of areas 3a and M1 in marmoset monkeys. J. Comp. Neurol. 2001, 435(3):291-310.
47. Huffman K.J., Nelson J., Clarey J., Krubitzer L. Organization of somatosensory cortex in three species of marsupials, Dasyurus hallucatus, Dactylopsila trivirgata, and Monodelphis domestica: neural correlates of morphological specializations. J. Comp. Neurol. 1999, 403(1):5-32.
48. Huntsman M.M., Woods T.M., Jones E.G. Laminar patterns of expression of GABA-A receptor subunit mRNAs in monkey sensory motor cortex. J. Comp. Neurol. 1995, 362(4):565-582.
49. Iyengar S., Qi H.X., Jain N., Kaas J.H. Cortical and thalamic connections of the representations of the teeth and tongue in somatosensory cortex of New World monkeys. J. Comp. Neurol. 2007, 501(1):95-120.
50. Jain N., Catania K.C., Kaas J.H. A histologically visible representation of the fingers and palm in primate area 3b and its immutability following long-term deafferentations. Cereb. Cortex 1998, 8(3):227-236.
51. Jain N., Diener P.S., Coq J.O., Kaas J.H. Patterned activity via spinal dorsal quadrant inputs is necessary for the formation of organized somatosensory maps. J. Neurosci. 2003, 23(32):10321-10330.
52. Jain N., Preuss T.M., Kaas J.H. Subdivisions of the visual system labeled with the Cat-301 antibody in tree shrews. Vis. Neurosci. 1994, 11(4):731-741.
53. Jain N., Qi H.X., Catania K.C., Kaas J.H. Anatomic correlates of the face and oral cavity representations in the somatosensory cortical area 3b of monkeys. J. Comp. Neurol. 2001, 429(3):455-468.
54. Jones E.G., Burton H. Areal differences in the laminar distribution of thalamic afferents in cortical fields of the insular, parietal and temporal regions of primates. J. Comp. Neurol. 1976, 168(2):197-247.
55. Jones E.G., Porter R. What is area 3a?. Brain Res. 1980, 203(1):1-43.
56. Jones E.G., Coulter J.D., Hendry S.H. Intracortical connectivity of architectonic fields in the somatic sensory, motor and parietal cortex of monkeys. J. Comp. Neurol. 1978, 181(2):291-347.
57. Juliano S.L., Ma W., Bear M.F., Eslin D. Cholinergic manipulation alters stimulus-evoked metabolic activity in cat somatosensory cortex. J. Comp. Neurol. 1990, 297(1):106-120.
58. Kaas J.H. Evolution of multiple areas and modules within neocortex. Perspect. Dev. Neurobiol. 1993, 1(2):101-107.
59. Kaas J.H. Evolution of somatosensory and motor cortex in primates. Anat. Rec. A Discov. Mol. Cell Evol. Biol. 2004, 281(1):1148-1156.
60. Kaas J.H. Reconstructing the Organization of Neocortex of the First Mammals and Subsequent Modifications. Evolution of Nervous Systems 2007, Vol. 3:27-48. Elsevier. J.H. Kaas, L.A. Krubitzer (Eds.).
61. Kaas J.H., Nelson R.J., Sur M., Lin C.S., Merzenich M.M. Multiple representations of the body within the primary somatosensory cortex of primates. Science 1979, 204(4392):521-523.
62. Kaas J.H., Qi H.X., Iyengar S. Cortical network for representing the teeth and tongue in primates. Anat. Rec. A Discov. Mol. Cell Evol. Biol. 2006, 288(2):182-190.
63. Karlen S.J and Krubitzer L. 2007 The functional and anatomical organization of marsupial neocortex: Evidence for parallel evolution across mammals Prog. Neurobiol.(In Press).
64. Krause T., Kurth R., Ruben J., Schwiemann J., Villringer K., Deuchert M., Moosmann M., Brandt S., Wolf K., Curio G., Villringer A. Representational overlap of adjacent fingers in multiple areas of human primary somatosensory cortex depends on electrical stimulus intensity: an fMRI study. Brain Res. 2001, 899(1-2):36-46.
65. Krishnamurti A., Sanides F., Welker W.I. Microelectrode mapping of modality-specific somatic sensory cerebral neocortex in slow loris. Brain Behav. Evol. 1976, 13(4):267-283.
66. Krubitzer L.A., Hunt D.L. Captured in the Net of Space and Time: Understanding Cortical Field Evolution. Evolution of Nervous System 2007, 49-72. Elsevier. J.H. Kaas, L.A. Krubitzer (Eds.).
67. Krubitzer L.A., Kaas J.H. The organization and connections of somatosensory cortex in marmosets. J. Neurosci. 1990, 10(3):952-974.
68. Krubitzer L., Huffman K.J., Disbrow E., Recanzone G. Organization of area 3a in macaque monkeys: contributions to the cortical phenotype. J. Comp. Neurol. 2004, 471(1):97-111.
69. Krubitzer L.A., Manger P., Pettigrew J., Calford M. Organization of somatosensory cortex in monotremes: in search of the prototypical plan. J. Comp. Neurol. 1995, 351(2):261-306.
70. Krubitzer L.A., Sesma M.A., Kaas J.H. Microelectrode maps, myeloarchitecture, and cortical connections of three somatotopically organized representations of the body surface in the parietal cortex of squirrels. J. Comp. Neurol. 1986, 250(4):403-430.
71. Land P.W., Simons D.J. Cytochrome oxidase staining in the rat SmI barrel cortex. J. Comp. Neurol. 1985, 238(2):225-235.
72. Lashley K.S., Clark G. The cytoarchitecture of the cerebral cortex of ateles: a critical examination of architectonic studies. J. Comp. Neurol. 1946, 85:223-305.
73. Lewis J.W., Van Essen D.C. Mapping of architectonic subdivisions in the macaque monkey, with emphasis on parieto-occipital cortex. J. Comp. Neurol. 2000, 428(1):79-111.
74. Lewis J.W., Burton H., Van Essen D.C. Anatomical evidence for the posterior boundary of area 2 in the macaque monkey. Somatosens. Mot. Res. 1999, 16(4):382-390.
75. Louderback K.M., Glass C.S., Shamalla -Hannah L., Erickson S.L., Land P.W. Subbarrel patterns of thalamocortical innervation in rat somatosensory cortical barrels: organization and postnatal development. J. Comp. Neurol. 2006, 497(1):32-41.
76. Manger P.R., Woods T.M., Jones E.G. Representation of face and intra-oral structures in area 3b of macaque monkey somatosensory cortex. J. Comp. Neurol. 1996, 371(4):513-521.
77. Marshall W.H., Woolsey C.N., Bard P. Cortical representation of tactile sensibility as indicated by cortical potentials. Science 1937, 85:388-390.
78. McKay R.D., Hockfield S.J. Monoclonal antibodies distinguish antigenically discrete neuronal types in the vertebrate central nervous system. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 1982, 79(21):6747-6751.
79. Merzenich M.M., Kaas J.H., Sur M., Lin C.S. Double representation of the body surface within cytoarchitectonic areas 3b and 1 in "SI" in the owl monkey (Aotus trivirgatus). J. Comp. Neurol. 1978, 181(1):41-73.
80. Mesulam M.M., Mufson E.J. Insula of the Old World monkey. I. Architectonics in the insulo-orbito-temporal component of the paralimbic brain. J. Comp. Neurol. 1982, 212(1):1-22.
81. Miyamoto J.J., Honda M., Saito D.N., Okada T., Ono T., Ohyama K., Sadato N. The representation of the human oral area in the somatosensory cortex: a functional MRI study. Cereb. Cortex 2006, 16(5):669-675.
82. Morel A., Garraghty P.E., Kaas J.H. Tonotopic organization, architectonic fields, and connections of auditory cortex in macaque monkeys. J. Comp. Neurol. 1993, 335(3):437-459.
83. Mountcastle V.B. Modality and topographic properties of single neurons of cat's somatic sensory cortex. J. Neurophysiol. 1957, 20(4):408-434.
84. Nelson R.J., Sur M., Felleman D.J., Kaas J.H. Representations of the body surface in postcentral parietal cortex of Macaca fascicularis. J. Comp. Neurol. 1980, 192(4):611-643.
85. Padberg J., Disbrow E., Krubitzer L. The organization and connections of anterior and posterior parietal cortex in titi monkeys: do New World monkeys have an area 2?. Cereb. Cortex 2005, 15(12):1938-1963.
86. Palomero-Gallagher N., Zilles K. Isocortex. The Rat Nervous System 2004, Elsevier. Third Edn. G. Paxinos (Ed.).
87. Pandya D.N., Seltzer B. Intrinsic connections and architectonics of posterior parietal cortex in the rhesus monkey. J. Comp. Neurol. 1982, 204(2):196-210.
88. Peden J.K., Bonin G.v. The neocortex of Hapale. J. Comp. Neurol. 1947, 86:37-63.
89. Penfield W., Boldrey E. Somatic motor and sensory representation in the cerebral cortex of man as studied by electrical stimulation. Brain 1937, 60:389-443.
90. Pons T.P., Kaas J.H. Connections of area 2 of somatosensory cortex with the anterior pulvinar and subdivisions of the ventroposterior complex in macaque monkeys. J. Comp. Neurol. 1985, 240(1):16-36.
91. Pons T.P., Kaas J.H. Corticocortical connections of area 2 of somatosensory cortex in macaque monkeys: a correlative anatomical and electrophysiological study. J. Comp. Neurol. 1986, 248(3):313-335.
92. Pons T.P., Garraghty P.E., Cusick C.G., Kaas J.H. The somatotopic organization of area 2 in macaque monkeys. J. Comp. Neurol. 1985, 241(4):445-466.
93. Powell T.P., Mountcastle V.B. The cytoarchitecture of the postcentral gyrus of the monkey Macaca mulatta. Bull. Johns Hopkins. Hosp. 1959, 105:108-131.
94. Powell T.P., Mountcastle V.B. Some aspects of the functional organization of the cortex of the postcentral gyrus of the monkey: a correlation of findings obtained in a single unit analysis with cytoarchitecture. Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp. 1959, 105:133-162.
95. Preuss T.M., Coleman G.Q. Human-specific organization of primary visual cortex: alternating compartments of dense Cat-301 and calbindin immunoreactivity in layer 4A. Cereb. Cortex 2002, 12(7):671-691.
96. Preuss T.M., Goldman-Rakic P.S. Connections of the ventral granular frontal cortex of macaques with perisylvian premotor and somatosensory areas: anatomical evidence for somatic representation in primate frontal association cortex. J. Comp. Neurol. 1989, 282(2):293-316.
97. Preuss T.M., Goldman-Rakic P.S. Architectonics of the parietal and temporal association cortex in the strepsirhine primate galago compared to the anthropoid primate Macaca. J. Comp. Neurol. 1991, 310(4):475-506.
98. Preuss T.M., Goldman-Rakic P.S. Ipsilateral cortical connections of granular frontal cortex in the strepsirhine primate galago, with comparative comments on anthropoid primates. J. Comp. Neurol. 1991, 310(4):507-549.
99. Purves D., Riddle D.R., LaMantia A.S. Iterated patterns of brain circuitry (or how the cortex gets its spots). Trends Neurosci. 1992, 15(10):362-368.
100. Preuss T.M., Stepniewska I., Jain N., Kaas J.H. Multiple divisions of macaque precentral motor cortex identified with neurofilament antibody SMI-32. Brain Res. 1997, 767(1):148-153.
101. Qi H.X., Kaas J.H. Myelin stains reveal an anatomical framework for the representation of the digits in somatosensory area 3b of macaque monkeys. J. Comp. Neurol. 2004, 477(2):172-187.
102. Qi H.X., Lyon D.C., Kaas J.H. Cortical and thalamic connections of the parietal ventral somatosensory area in marmoset monkeys (Callithrix jacchus). J. Comp. Neurol. 2002, 443(2):168-182.
103. Qi H.-X., Jain N., Preuss T.M., Kaas J.H. Histochemical organization of somatosensory area 3b and surrounding cortex in chimpanzees. Soc. Neurosci. Abst. 1997, 23.
104. Qi H.-X., Jain N., Preuss T.M., Kaas J.H. Comparative architecture of areas 3a, 3b, and 1 of somatosensory cortex in chimpanzees, humans and macaques. Soc. Neurosci. Abst. 1998, 24:1125.
105. Rademacher J., Caviness V.S., Steinmetz H., Galaburda A.M. Topographical variation of the human primary cortices: implications for neuroimaging, brain mapping, and neurobiology. Cereb. Cortex 1993, 3(4):313-329.
106. Reep R.L., Chandler H.C., King V., Corwin J.V. Rat posterior parietal cortex: topography of corticocortical and thalamic connections. Exp. Brain Res. 1994, 100(1):67-84.
107. Remple M.S., Henry E.C., Catania K.C. Organization of somatosensory cortex in the laboratory rat (Rattus norvegicus): evidence for two lateral areas joined at the representation of the teeth. J. Comp. Neurol. 2003, 467(1):105-118.
108. Remple M.S., Reed J.L., Stepniewska I., Kaas J.H. Organization of frontoparietal cortex in the tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri). I. Architecture, microelectrode maps, and corticospinal connections. J. Comp. Neurol. 2006, 497(1):133-154.
109. Remple M.S., Reed J.L., Stepniewska I., Lyon D.C., Kaas J.H. The organization of frontoparietal cortex in the tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri): II connectional evidence for a frontal-posterior parietal network. J. Comp. Neurol. 2007, 501(1):121-149.
110. Romo R., Hernandez A., Zainos A., Brody C.D., Lemus L. Sensing without touching: psychophysical performance based on cortical microstimulation. Neuron 2000, 26(1):273-278.
111. Rosabal F. Cytoarchitecture of the frontal lobe of the squirrel monkey. J. Comp. Neurol. 1967, 130(2):87-108.
112. Rushworth M.F., Paus T., Sipila P.K. Attention systems and the organization of the human parietal cortex. J. Neurosci. 2001, 21(14):5262-5271.
113. Sanides F. The architecture of the cortical taste nerve areas in squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) and their relationships to insular, sensorimotor and prefrontal regions. Brain Res. 1968, 8(1):97-124.
114. Sanides F., Krishnamurti A. Cytoarchitectonic subdivisions of sensorimotor and prefrontal regions and of bordering insular and limbic fields in slow loris (Nycticebus coucang coucang). J. Hirnforsch. 1967, 9(3):225-252.
115. Sato K., Nariai T., Sasaki S., Yazawa I., Mochida H., Miyakawa N., Momose -Sato Y., Kamino K., Ohta Y., Hirakawa K., Ohno K. Intraoperative intrinsic optical imaging of neuronal activity from subdivisions of the human primary somatosensory cortex. Cereb. Cortex 2002, 12(3):269-280.
116. Simon O., Mangin J.F., Cohen L., Le Bihan D., Dehaene S. Topographical layout of hand, eye, calculation, and language-related areas in the human parietal lobe. Neuron 2002, 33(3):475-487.
117. Stepniewska I., Fang P.C., Kaas J.H. Microstimulation reveals specialized subregions for different complex movements in posterior parietal cortex of prosimian galagos. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2005, 102(13):4878-4883.
118. Sur M., Nelson R.J., Kaas J.H. Representation of the body surface in somatic koniocortex in the prosimian galago. J. Comp. Neurol. 1980, 189(2):381-402.
119. Sur M., Nelson R.J., Kaas J.H. Representations of the body surface in cortical areas 3b and 1 of squirrel monkeys: comparisons with other primates. J. Comp. Neurol. 1982, 211(2):177-192.
120. Sur M., Wall J.T., Kaas J.H. Modular distribution of neurons with slowly adapting and rapidly adapting responses in area 3b of somatosensory cortex in monkeys. J. Neurophysiol. 1984, 51(4):724-744.
121. Towe A.L. Notes on the hypothesis of columnar organization in somatosensory cerebral cortex. Brain Behav. Evol. 1975, 11(1):16-47.
122. Vogt C., Vogt O. Allgemeinere ergebnisse unserer hirnforschung. J. Psychol. Neurol. (Leipzig) 1919, 25:277-462.
123. Waters R.S., Li C.X., McCandlish C.A. Relationship between the organization of the forepaw barrel subfield and the representation of the forepaw in layer IV of rat somatosensory cortex. Exp. Brain Res. 1995, 103(2):183-197.
124. White L.E., Andrews T.J., Hulette C., Richards A., Groelle M., Paydarfar J., Purves D. Structure of the human sensorimotor system. I: Morphology and cytoarchitecture of the central sulcus. Cereb. Cortex 1997, 7(1):18-30.
125. Wong-Riley M. Changes in the visual system of monocularly sutured or enucleated cats demonstrable with cytochrome oxidase histochemistry. Brain Res. 1979, 171(1):11-28.
126. Woolsey C.N., Fairman O. Contralateral, ipsilateral and bilateral representation of cutaneous receptors in somatic areas I and II of cerebral cortex of pig, sheep and other mammals. Surgery 1946, 19:684-702.
127. Woolsey T.A., Van der Loos H. The structural organization of layer IV in the somatosensory region (SI) of mouse cerebral cortex. The description of a cortical field composed of discrete cytoarchitectonic units. Brain Res. 1970, 17(2):205-242.
128. Woolsey C.N., Marshall W.H., Bard P. Representation of cutaneous tactile sensibility in the cerebral cortex of the monkey as indicated by evoked patentials. Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp. 1942, 70:399-441.
129. Woolsey C.N., Marshall W.H., Bard P. Note on the organization of the tactile sensory area of the cerebral cortex of the chimpanzee. J. Neurophysiol. 1943, 6:287-291.
130. Wu C.W., Kaas J.H. Somatosensory cortex of prosimian galagos: physiological recording, cytoarchitecture, and corticocortical connections of anterior parietal cortex and cortex of the lateral sulcus. J. Comp. Neurol. 2003, 457(3):263-292.
131. Zilles K., Palomero-Gallagher N. Cyto-, myelo-, and receptor architectonics of the human parietal cortex. Neuroimage 2001, 14(1 Pt 2):S8-S20.
132. Zilles K., Rehkamper G., Schleicher A. A quantitative approach to cytoarchitectonics. V. The areal pattern of the cortex of microcebus murinus (E. Geoffroy 1828), (Lemuridae, primates). Anat. Embryol. (Berl.) 1979, 157(3):269-289.
133. Zilles K., Rehkamper G., Stephan H., Schleicher A. A quantitative approach to cytoarchitectonics. IV. The areal pattern of the cortex of Galago demidovii (E. Geoffroy, 1796), (lorisidae, primates). Anat. Embryol. (Berl.) 1979, 157(1):81-103.
134. Zilles K., Schleicher A., Palomero-Gallagher N., Amunts K. Quantitative Analysis of Cyto- and Receptoarchitecture of the Human Brain. Brain Mapping: The Methods 2002, 573-602. 2nd edn. A.W. Toga, J.C. Mazziotta (Eds.).
135. Wallace M.T., Ramachandran R., Stein B.E. A revised view of sensory cortical parcellation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2004, 101(7):2167-2172.
136. Weller W.L. SmI cortical barrels in an Australian marsupial, Trichosurus vulpecula (brush-tailed possum): structural organization, patterned distribution, and somatotopic relationships. J. Comp. Neurol. 1993, 337(3):471-492.
137. Woolsey T.A., Welker C., Schwartz R.H. Comparative anatomical studies of the SmL face cortex with special reference to the occurrence of "barrels" in layer IV. J. Comp. Neurol. 1975, 164(1):79-94.