Evaluation and Management of Pediatric Febrile Seizures in the Emergency Department

Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America

Volumn 29, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 83-93

  Hampers, Louis C ^a,b   Spina, Louis A ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b CHILDREN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

^c MOUNT SINAI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Complex febrile seizure; Epilepsy; Simple febrile seizure

Indexed keywords

ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; ANTIPYRETIC AGENT; DIAZEPAM; DICLOFENAC; IBUPROFEN; PARACETAMOL; PLACEBO;

BACTEREMIA; BACTERIAL MENINGITIS; BLOOD CULTURE; CEREBROSPINAL FLUID; CLINICAL ASSESSMENT; CLINICAL TRIAL; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; CONSCIOUSNESS LEVEL; EMERGENCY WARD; ENTERITIS; EPILEPSY; FEBRILE CONVULSION; FEVER; HOSPITAL DISCHARGE; HUMAN; INFECTION RISK; LUMBAR PUNCTURE; NEUROIMAGING; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PEDIATRICS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RECURRENCE RISK; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SHIGELLOSIS; STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE; TONIC CLONIC SEIZURE; URINARY TRACT INFECTION;

EID: 78649414879     PISSN: 07338627     EISSN: 07338627     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.emc.2010.08.008     Document Type: Review

References (45)

1. Verity C.M., Golding J. Risk of epilepsy after febrile convulsions: a national cohort study. BMJ 1991, 303:1373-1376.
2. Smith R.A., Martland T., Lowry M.F. Children with seizures presenting to accident and emergency. J Accid Emerg Med 1996, 13:54-58.
3. Johnston C., King W.D. Pediatric prehospital care in a southern regional emergency medical service system. South Med J 1988, 81:1473-1476.
4. Practice parameter: the neurodiagnostic evaluation of the child with a first simple febrile seizure. American Academy of Pediatrics. Provisional Committee on Quality Improvement, Subcommittee on Febrile Seizures. Pediatrics 1996, 97:769-772.
5. Duffner P.K., Baumann R.J., Green J.L., et al. Febrile seizures: clinical practice guideline for the long-term management of the child with simple febrile seizures. American Academy of Pediatrics. Steering Committee on Quality Improvement and Management. Subcommittee of Febrile Seizures. Pediatrics 2008, 121:1281-1286.
6. Hampers L.C., Trainor J.L., Listernick R., et al. Setting based practice variation in the management of simple febrile seizure. Acad Emerg Med 2000, 7:21-27.
7. Knudsen F.U. Febrile seizures: treatment and prognosis. Epilepsia 2000, 41:2-9.
8. Rolak L.A., Rutecki P., Ashizawa T., et al. Clinical features of Todd's post-epileptic paralysis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1992, 55:63-64.
9. Leutmezer F., Baumgartner C. Postictal signs of lateralizing and localizing significance. Epileptic Disord 2002, 4:43-48.
10. Rutter N., Smales O.R. Calcium, magnesium, and glucose levels in blood and CSF of children with febrile convulsions. Arch Dis Child 1976, 51:141-143.
11. Gerber M.A., Berliner B.C. The child with a " simple" febrile seizure. Appropriate diagnostic evaluation. Am J Dis Child 1981, 135:431-433.
12. Jaffe M., Bar-Joseph G., Tirosh E. Fever and convulsions-indications for laboratory investigations. Pediatrics 1981, 57:729-731.
13. Garvey M.A., Gaillard W.D., Rusin J.A., et al. Emergency brain computed tomography in children with seizures: who is most likely to benefit?. J Pediatr 1998, 133:664-669.
14. Barone S.R., Kaplan M.H., Krilov L.R. Human herpesvirus-6 infection in children with first febrile seizures. J Pediatr 1995, 127:95-97.
15. Teach S., Geil P. Incidence of bacteremia, urinary tract infections and unsuspected bacterial meningitis in children with febrile seizures. Pediatr Emerg Care 1999, 15:9-12.
16. Green S.M., Rothrock S.G., Clem K.J., et al. Can seizures be the sole manifestation of meningitis in febrile children?. Pediatrics 1993, 92:527-534.
17. Trainor J.L., Hampers L.C., Krug S.E., et al. Children with first-time simple febrile seizures are at low risk of serious bacterial illness. Acad Emerg Med 2001, 8:781-787.
18. Kimia A.A., Capraro A.J., Harper M.D., et al. Utility of lumbar puncture for first febrile seizure among children 6 months to 18 months of age. Pediatrics 2009, 123:6-12.
19. Chamberlin J.M., Gorman R.L. Occult bacteremia in children with simple febrile seizures. Am J Dis Child 1988, 142:1073-1076.
20. Shah S.S., Alpern E.R., Zwerling L., et al. Low risk of bacteremia in children with febrile seizures. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2002, 156:469-472.
21. Baraff L.J. Management of fever without source in infants and children. Ann Emerg Med 2000, 36:602-614.
22. Warden C.R., Zibulewsky J., Mace S., et al. Evaluation and management of febrile seizures in the out-of-hospital and emergency department settings. Ann Emerg Med 2003, 41:215-222.
23. Ashkenazi S., Dinari G., Weitz R., et al. Convulsions in shigellosis. Evaluation of possible risk factors. Am J Dis Child 1983, 137:985-987.
24. Kahn W.A., Dhar U., Salam M., et al. Central nervous system manifestations of childhood shigellosis: prevalence, risk factors and outcome. Pediatrics 1999, 103:318.
25. Joffe A., McCormick M., DeAngelis C. Which children with febrile seizures need lumbar puncture? A decision analysis approach. Am J Dis Child 1983, 137:1153-1156.
26. Soden J., Koch T.K. Brain abscess presenting as a febrile seizure. Clin Pediatr 2000, 39:365-368.
27. Kimia A., Ben-Joseph E.P., Harper M.B., et al. Yield of lumbar puncture among children who present with their first complex febrile seizure. Pediatrics 2010, 126:62-69.
28. Teng D., Dayan P., Hesdorffer D., et al. Risk of intracranial pathologic conditions requiring emergency intervention after a first complex febrile seizure episode among children. Pediatrics 2006, 117:304-308.
29. Yucel O., Aka S., Yazicioglu L., et al. Role of early EEG and neuroimaging in determination of prognosis in children with complex febrile seizures. Pediatr Int 2004, 46:463-467.
30. Al-Qudah A.A. Value of brain CT scan in children with febrile convulsions. J Neurol Sci 1995, 128:107-110.
31. Offringa M., Bossuyt P.M., Lubsen J., et al. Risk factors for seizure recurrence in children with febrile seizures: a pooled analysis of individual patient data from five studies. J Pediatr 1994, 124:574-584.
32. Berg A.T., Shinnar S., Darefsky A.S., et al. Predictors of recurrent febrile seizures. A prospective cohort study. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1997, 151:371-378.
33. Schnaiderman D., Lahat E., Sheefer T., et al. Antipyretic effectiveness of acetaminophen in febrile seizures: ongoing prophylaxis versus sporadic usage. Eur J Pediatr 1993, 152:747-749.
34. van Stuijvenberg M., Derksen-Lubsen G., Steyerberg E.W., et al. Randomized, controlled trial of ibuprofen syrup administered during febrile illnesses to prevent febrile seizure recurrences. Pediatrics 1998, 102:E51.
35. Van Esch A., Van Steensel-Moll H.A., Steyerberg E.W., et al. Antipyretic efficacy of ibuprofen and acetaminophen in children with febrile seizures. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1995, 149:632-637.
36. Strengell T., Uhari M., Tarkka R., et al. Antipyretic agents for preventing recurrences of febrile seizures. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2009, 163:799-804.
37. Uhari M., Rantala H., Vainionpaa L., et al. Effect of acetaminophen and of low intermittent doses of diazepam on prevention of recurrences of febrile seizures. J Pediatr 1995, 126:991-995.
38. Schmitt B.D. Fever phobia: misconceptions of parents about fevers. Am J Dis Child 1980, 134:176-181.
39. Crocetti M., Moghbeli N., Serwint J. Fever phobia revisited: have parental misconceptions about fever changed in 20 years?. Pediatrics 2001, 107:1241-1246.
40. van Stuijvenberg M., de Vos S., Tjiang G.C., et al. Parents' fear regarding fever and febrile seizures. Acta Paediatr 1999, 88:618-622.
41. Rosman N.P., Colton T., Labazzo J., et al. A controlled trial of diazepam administered during febrile illnesses to prevent recurrence of febrile seizures. N Engl J Med 1993, 329:79-84.
42. Knudsen F.U. Recurrence risk after first febrile seizure and effect of short term diazepam prophylaxis. Arch Dis Child 1985, 60:1045-1049.
43. Ellenberg J.H., Nelson K.B. Febrile seizures and later intellectual performance. Arch Neurol 1978, 35:17-21.
44. Norgaard M., Ehrenstein V., Mahon B.E., et al. Febrile seizures and cognitive function in young adult life: a prevalence study in Danish conscripts. J Pediatr 2009, 155:404-409.
45. Nelson K.B., Ellenberg J.H. Predisposing and causative factors in childhood epilepsy. Epilepsia 1987, 28(Suppl 1):S16-S24.