The special problem of cultural differences in effects of corporal punishment

Law and Contemporary Problems

Volumn 73, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 89-106

  Lansford, Jennifer E ^a  

^a DUKE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 78649399117     PISSN: 00239186     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (76)

1. See generally Elizabeth T. Gershoff, Corporal Punishment by Parents and Associated Child Behaviors and Experiences: A Meta-Analytic and Theoretical Review, 128 PSYCHOL. BULL. 539 (2002).
2. Cynthia Garcia-Coll & Katherine Magnuson, Cultural Influences on Child Development: Are We Ready for a Paradigm Shift?, in CULTURAL PROCESSES IN CHILD DEV. 1, 16-17 (Ann S. Masten ed., 1999).
3. Jane D. McLeod, Candace Kruttschnitt & Maude Dornfeld, Does Parenting Explain the Effects of Structural Conditions on Children's Antisocial Behavior? A Comparison of Blacks and Whites, 73 SOC. FORCES 575, 586-90 (1994).
4. Kirby Deater-Deckard et al., Physical Discipline Among African American and European American Mothers: Links to Children's Externalizing Behaviors, 32 DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOL. 1065, 1068-79 (1996).
5. Jane D. McLeod & James M. Nonnemaker, Poverty and Child Emotional and Behavioral Problems: Racial-Ethnic Differences in Processes and Effects, 41 J. HEALTH & SOC. BEHAV. 137, 144-52 (2000).
6. Eric P. Slade & Lawrence S. Wissow, Spanking in Early Childhood and Later Behavior Problems: A Prospective Study of Infants and Young Toddlers, 113 PEDIATRICS 1321, 1323-27 (2004).
7. Ann M. Stacks et al., The Moderating Effect of Parental Warmth on the Association Between Spanking and Child Aggression: A Longitudinal Approach, 18 INFANT & CHILD DEV. 178, 185-89 (2009).
8. Gail A. Wasserman et al., Parenting Predictors of Early Conduct Problems in Urban, High-Risk Boys, 35 J. AM. ACAD. CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY 1227, 1230-33 (1996).
9. Marjorie L. Gunnoe & Carrie L. Mariner, Toward a Developmental-Contextual Model of the Effects of Parental Spanking on Children's Aggression, 151 ARCHIVES PEDIATRIC & ADOLESCENT MED. 768, 771-74 (1997).
10. Jennifer E. Lansford et al., Ethnic Differences in the Link Between Physical Discipline and Later Adolescent Externalizing Behaviors, 45 J. CHILD PSYCHOL. & PSYCHIATRY 801, 804-08 (2004).
11. Jodi Polaha et al., Physical Discipline and Child Behavior Problems: A Study of Ethnic Group Differences, 4 PARENTING: SCI. & PRAC. 339, 348-52 (2004).
12. See generally Jennifer E. Lansford et al., A Twelve-Year Prospective Study of the Long-Term Effects of Early Child Physical Maltreatment on Psychological, Behavioral, and Academic Problems in Adolescence, 156 ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MED. 824 (2002).
13. Dustin A. Pardini, Paula J. Fite & Jeffrey D. Burke, Bidirectional Associations Between Parenting Practices and Conduct Problems in Boys from Childhood to Adolescence: The Moderating Effect of Age and African American Ethnicity, 36 J. ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOL. 647, 653-58 (2008).
14. Jane D. McLeod & Michael J. Shanahan, Poverty, Parenting, and Children's Mental Health, 58 AM. SOC. REV. 351, 356-60 (1993).
15. Andrew Grogan-Kaylor, The Effect of Corporal Punishment on Antisocial Behavior in Children, 10 CHILD MALTREATMENT 153, 157-60 (2004).
16. Andrew Grogan-Kaylor, Corporal Punishment and the Growth Trajectory of Children's Antisocial Behavior, 10 CHILD MALTREATMENT 283, 287-90 (2005) [hereinafter Grogan-Kaylor, Growth Trajectory].
17. Mary K. Eamon, Antecedents and Socioemotional Consequences of Physical Punishment on Children in Two-Parent Families, 25 CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 787, 793-96 (2001).
18. Internalizing problems include mental states such as depression and anxiety, while externalizing problems include acting out behaviors such as aggression and delinquency.
19. Anna S. Lau et al., Factors Affecting the Link Between Physical Discipline and Child Externalizing Problems in Black and White Families, 34 J. COMMUNITY PSYCHOL. 89, 96-98 (2006).
20. Matthew K. Mulvaney & Carolyn J. Mebert, Parental Corporal Punishment Predicts Behavior Problems in Early Childhood, 21 J. FAM. PSYCHOL. 389, 392-93 (2007).
21. See generally Ruth K. Chao, Chinese and European Cultural Models of the Self Reflected in Mothers' Childrearing Beliefs, 23 ETHOS 328 (1995).
22. George K. Hong & Lawrence K. Hong, Comparative Perspectives on Child Abuse and Neglect: Chinese Versus Hispanics and Whites, 70 CHILD WELFARE 463 (1991).
23. Su Y. Kim & Xiaojia Ge, Parenting Practices and Adolescent Depressive Symptoms in Chinese American Families, 14 J. AM. PSYCHOL. 420, 425-30 (2000).
24. Barbara D. DeBaryshe, Sylvia Yuen & Ivette R. Stern, Psychological Adjustment in Asian American-Pacific Islander Youth: The Role of Coping Strategies, Parenting Practices, and Community Social Support, 2 ADOLESCENT & FAM. HEALTH 63, 66-68 (2001).
25. Thao N. Le, Golnoush Monfared & Gary D. Stockdale, The Relationship of School, Parent, and Peer Contextual Factors with Self-Reported Delinquency for Chinese, Cambodian, Laotian or Mien, and Vietnamese Youth, 51 CRIME & DELINQ. 192, 206-12 (2005).
26. Elizabeth T. Gershoff, Pamela C. Miller & George W. Holden, Parenting Influences from the Pulpit: Religious Affiliation as a Determinant of Parental Corporal Punishment, 13 J. FAM. PSYCHOL. 307, 312-15 (1999).
27. See JAMES C. DOBSON, THE NEW DARE TO DISCIPLINE (1986).
28. Clifton P. Flynn, Regional Differences in Attitudes Toward Corporal Punishment, 56 J. MARRIAGE & FAM. 314, 317-21 (1994).
29. accord Murray A. Straus & Julie H. Stewart, Corporal Punishment by American Parents: National Data on Prevalence, Chronicity, Severity, and Duration, in Relation to Child and Family Characteristics, 2 CLINICAL CHILD & FAM. R. 55, 59-64 (1999).
30. Robert H. Bradley et al., The Home Environments of Children in the United States Part II: Relations with Behavioral Development Through Age Thirteen, 72 CHILD DEV. 1868, 1871-79 (2001).
31. Ivor B. Horn, Jill G. Joseph & Tina L. Cheng, Nonabusive Physical Punishment and Child Behavior Among African American Children: A Systematic Review, 96 JAMA 1162, 1166-67 (2004).
32. Joan E. Grusec & Jacqueline J. Goodnow, Impact of Parental Discipline Methods on the Child's Internalization of Values: A Reconceptualization of Current Points of View, 30 DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOL. 4, 17 (1994).
33. E.g. Lynetta Mosby et al., Troubles in Interracial Talk About Discipline: An Examination of African American Child Rearing Narratives, 30 J. COMP. FAM. STUD. 489, 492-93 (1999).
34. See generally Nancy Darling & Laurence Steinberg, Parenting Style as Context: An Integrative Model, 113 PSYCHOL. BULL. 487 (1993).
35. Robert E. Lazerle et al., Relations of Spanking and Other Parenting Characteristics to Self-Esteem and Perceived Fairness of Parental Discipline, 64 PSYCHOL. REP. 64 (1989).
36. Ronald L. Simons et al., A Cross-Cultural Examination of the Link Between Corporal Punishment and Adolescent Antisocial Behavior, 38 CRIMINOLOGY 47 (2000).
37. see generally ELEANOR E. MACCOBY, SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT: PSYCHOLOGICAL GROWTH AND THE PARENT-CHILD RELATIONSHIP 392 (1980).
38. Eleanor E. Maccoby & John A. Martin, Socilization in the Context of the Family: Parent-Child Interaction, in 4 SOCIALIZATION, PERSONALITY, AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT 1 (Paul H. Mussen & E. Mavis Hetherington eds., 4th ed. 1983).
39. Vonnie C. McLoyd & Julia Smith, Physical Discipline and Behavior Problems in African American, European American, and Hispanic Children: Emotional Support as a Moderator, 64 J. MARRIAGE & FAM. 40, 44-50 (2002).
40. Kirby Deater-Deckard, Linda Ivy & Stephen A. Petrill, Maternal Warmth Moderates the Link Between Physical Punishment and Child Externalizing Problems: A Parent-Offspring Behavior Genetic Analysis, 6 PARENTING: SCI. & PRAC. 59, 67-73 (2006).
41. Ronald P. Rohner, Shana L. Bourque & Carlos A. Elordi, Children's Perceptions of Corporal Punishment, Caretaker Acceptance, and Psychological Adjustment in a Poor, Biracial Southern Community, 58 J. MARRIAGE & FAM. 842, 846-50 (1996).
42. Ronald P. Rohner, Kevin J. Kean & David E. Cournoyer, Effects of Corporal Punishment, Perceived Caretaker Warmth, and Cultural Beliefs on the Psychological Adjustment of Children in St. Kitts, West Indies, 53 J. MARRIAGE & FAM. 681, 685-90 (1991).
43. Barnombudsmannen [The Children's Ombudsman], The Swedish Corporal Punishment Ban, http://www.barnombudsmannen.se/adfinity.aspx?pageid=90 (last visited Jan. 6, 2010).
44. BARBO HINDBERG, MINISTRY OF HEALTH & SOC. AFFAIRS, SWED., ENDING CORPORAL PUNISHMENT: SWEDISH EXPERIENCE OF EFFORTS TO PREVENT ALL FORMS OF VIOLENCE AGAINST CHILDREN-AND THE RESULTS 14 (2001).
45. accord Klaus A. Ziegert, The Swedish Prohibition of Corporal Punishment: A Preliminary Report, 45 J. MARRIAGE & FAM. 917, 921 (1983).
46. Joan E. Durrant, Evaluating the Success of Sweden's Corporal Punishment Ban, 23 CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 435, 438-43 (1999).
47. Kerstin Palmérus, Self-Reported Discipline Among Swedish Parents of Preschool Children, 8 INFANT & CHILD DEV. 155, 162-66 (1999) (documenting the use of alternate discipline methods).
48. Håkan Stattin et al., Corporal Punishment in Everyday Life: An Intergenerational Perspective, in COERCION AND PUNISHMENT IN LONG-TERM PERSPECTIVES 315 (Joan McCord ed., 1995).
49. Joan E. Durrant, Linda Rose-Krasnor & Anders G. Broberg, Physical Punishment and Maternal Beliefs in Sweden and Canada, 34 J. COMP. FAM. STUD. 585-604 (2003).
50. Emma Sorbring, Margaretha Rödholm-Funnemark & Kerstin Palmérus, Boys' and Girls' Perceptions of Parental Discipline in Transgression Situations, 12 INFANT & CHILD DEV. 53, 58-63 (2003).
51. The researchers were not able to ask the children explicitly whether they had been corporally punished or not.
52. Kirby Deater-Deckard, Kenneth A. Dodge & Emma Sorbring, Cultural Differences in the Effects of Physical Punishment, in ETHNICITY & CAUSAL MECHANISMS 204, 215-17 (Michael Rutter & Marta Tienda eds., 2005).
53. Kirby Deater-Deckard & Kenneth A. Dodge, Externalizing Behavior Problems and Discipline Revisited: Nonlinear Effects and Variation by Culture, Context, and Gender, 8 PSYCHOL. INQUIRY 161, 166-69 (1997).
54. Jennifer E. Lansford et al., Children's Perceptions of Maternal Hostility as a Mediator of the Link Between Discipline and Children's Adjustment in Four Countries, 34 INT'L J. BEHAV. DEV. 452, 452-61.
55. See John H. Harvey & Gifford Weary, Current Issues in Attribution Theory and Research, 35 ANN. REV. PSYCHOL. 427, 431-45 (1984).
56. Clifton P. Flynn, To Spank or Not to Spank: The Effect of Situation and Age of Child on Support for Corporal Punishment, 13 J. FAM. VIOLENCE 21, 30-32 (1998).
57. Arthur L. Whaley, Sociocultural Differences in the Developmental Consequences of the Use of Physical Discipline During Childhood for African Americans, 6 CULTURAL DIVERSITY & ETHNIC MINORITY PSYCH. 5, 8 (2000).
58. Ellen E. Pinderhughes et al., Discipline Responses: Influences of Parents' Socioeconomic Status, Ethnicity, Beliefs About Parenting, Stress, and Cognitive-Emotional Processes, 14 J. FAM. PSYCHOL. 380, 386-93 (2000).
59. Jean Giles-Sims, Murray A. Straus & David B. Sugarman, Child, Maternal, and Family Characteristics Associated with Spanking, 44 FAM. REL. 170, 174 (1995).
60. Jennifer E. Lansford et al., Physical Discipline and Children's Adjustment: Cultural Normativeness as a Moderator, 76 CHILD DEV. 1234, 1237-38 (2005).
61. Larry Baron, Murray A. Straus & David Jaffee, Legitimate Violence, Violent Attitudes and Rape: A Test of the Cultural Spillover Theory, 529 ANNALS N.Y. ACAD. SCI. 79, 80-82 (1988).
62. Emily M. Douglas & Murray A. Straus, Assault and Injury of Dating Partners by University Students in 19 Countries and its Relation to Corporal Punishment Experienced as a Child, 3 EUR. J. CRIM. 293, 300-05 (2006).
63. Jennifer E. Lansford & Kenneth A. Dodge, Cultural Norms for Adult Corporal Punishment of Children and Societal Rates of Endorsement and Use of Violence, 8 PARENTING: SCI. & PRAC. 257, 265-67 (2008).
64. George P. Murdock & Douglas R. White, Standard Cross-Cultural Sample, 8 ETHNOLOGY 329, 331-41 (1969).
65. The records include relevant ethnographic data from 186 cultures studied by anthropologists.
66. Karen K. Hansen, Folk Remedies and Child Abuse: A Review with Emphasis on Caida de Mollera and its Relationship to Shaken Baby Syndrome, 22 CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 117, 117-21 (1997).
67. see generally Amanda L. Risser & Lynette J. Mazur, Use of Folk Remedies in a Hispanic Population, 149 ARCHIVES PEDIATRIC & ADOLESCENT MED. 978 (1995) (discussing use of herbal folk remedies).
68. See generally Roger J.R. Levesque, Cultural Evidence, Child Maltreatment, and the Law, 5 CHILD MALTREATMENT 146 (2000).
69. Doriane L. Coleman, Individualizing Justice Through Multiculturalism: The Liberals' Dilemma, 96 COLUM. L. REV. 1093, 1093-94 (1996).
70. Michaël Fischer, The Human Rights Implications of a Cultural Defense, 6 S. CAL. INTERDISC. L.J. 663, 678 (1998) (referencing the unreported 1974 case R. v. Adesanya).
71. see generally Sebastian Poulter, Foreign Customs and the English Criminal Law, 24 INT'L & COMP. L.Q. 136, 139 (1975) (expanded case discussion).
72. See generally Doriane L. Coleman, The Seattle Compromise: Multicultural Sensitivity and Americanization, 47 DUKE L.J. 717 (1998).
73. United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, Nov. 20, 1989, 1577 U.N.T.S. 3.
74. WORLD REPORT ON VIOLENCE AND HEALTH 57-81 (Etienne G. Krug et al. eds., 2002), available at http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2002/9241545615_eng.pdf.
75. Paulo S. Pinheiro, Report of the Independent Expert for the United Nations Study on Violence Against Children 5, delivered to the General Assembly, U.N. DOC. A/61/299 (Aug. 29, 2006), available at http://www.violencestudy.org/IMG/pdf/English-2-2.pdf.
76. Peter Newell, Coordinator, Global Initiative to End All Forms of Corporal Punishment of Children, Why is Challenging all Corporal Punishment So Important?, Speech (Feb. 2009), available at http://http://www.unicef.org/india/reallives_5388.htm.