Simulating the multipath channel with a reverberation chamber: Application to bit error rate measurements

IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility

Volumn 52, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 766-777

  Genender, Evgeni ^a   Holloway, Christopher L ^b   Remley, Kate A ^b   Ladbury, John M ^b   Koepke, Galen ^b   Garbe, Heyno ^a  

^a LEIBNIZ UNIVERSITY HANNOVER   (Germany)

^b NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

Author keywords

Bit error rate (BER); digital modulation; multipath; reverberation chamber; wireless; wireless propagation

Indexed keywords

DIGITAL MODULATIONS; MULTI-PATH; REVERBERATION CHAMBER; WIRELESS; WIRELESS PROPAGATION;

AMPLITUDE MODULATION; ANECHOIC CHAMBERS; ANTENNA RADIATION; FADING (RADIO); REVERBERATION; SIGNAL RECEIVERS; WIRELESS TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS;

BIT ERROR RATE;

EID: 78649328167     PISSN: 00189375     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/TEMC.2010.2044578     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. C. L. Holloway, D. A. Hill, J. M. Ladbury, P. Wilson, G. Koepke, and J. Coder, "On the use of reverberation chambers to simulate a controllable Rician radio environment for the testing of wireless devices", IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 54, no. 11, pp. 3167-3177, Nov. 2006.
2. E. Genender, C. L. Holloway, K. A. Remley, J. Ladbury, G. Koepke, and H. Garbe, "Using reverberation chamber to simulate the power delay profile ofa wireless environment", presented at the EMC Eur. 2008, Hamburg, Germany, Sep. 8-12.
3. Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 4-21: Testing and Measurement Techniques Reverberation Chambers. IEC Standard 61000-4-21, 2003.
4. D. A. Hill, "Electromagnetic theory of reverberation chambers", Nat. Inst. Stand. Technol., Boulder, CO, NIST Tech. Note 1506, 1998.
5. D. A. Hill, "Plane wave integral representation for fields in reverberation chambers", IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat., vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 209-217, Aug. 1998.
6. P.-S. Kildal and C. Carlsson, "Detection of a polarization imbalance in reverberation chambers and how to remove it by polarization stirring when measuring antenna efficiencies", Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 145-149, Jul. 20, 2002.
7. B.-H. Liu, D. C. Chang, and M. T. Ma, "Eigenmodes and the composite quality factor of a reverberation chamber", Nat. Bureau Stand., Boulder, CO, NBS Tech. Note 1066, 1983.
8. M. L. Crawford and G. H. Koepke, "Design, evaluation, and use of a reverberation chamber for performing electromagnetic susceptibility vulnerability measurements", Nat. Bureau Stand., Boulder, CO, NBS Tech. Note 1092, 1986.
9. J. Ladbury, G. Koepke, and D. Camell, "Evaluation of the NASA Langley Research Center mode stirred chamber facility", Nat. Inst. Stand. Technol., Boulder, CO, NIST Tech. Note 1508*, 1999.
10. T. Nguyten, "RF loading effects of aircraft seats in an electromagnetic reverberating environment", in Proc. 18th Digit. Avionics Syst. Conf., Oct. 24-29, 1999, vol. 2, pp. 10. B.5-1-10. B.5-7.
11. D. M. Zhang, E. P. Li, T. K. D. Yeo, W. S. Chow, and J. Quek, "Influences of loading absorber on the performance of a reverberation chamber", in Proc. IEEE Symp. Electromagn. Compat., Boston, MA, Aug. 18-22, 2003, pp. 279-281.
12. D. A. Hill, M. T. Ma, A. Ondrejka, B. F. Riddle, M. Crawford, and R. Johnk, "Aperture excitation of electrically large, lossy cavities", IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat., vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 169-178, Aug. 1994.
13. D. A. Hill, J. Adams, M. Ma, A. Ondrejka, B. Riddle, M. Crawford, and R. Johnk, "Aperture excitation of electrically large, lossy cavities", Nat. Inst. Stand. Technol., Boulder, CO, NIST Tech. Note 1361, Sep. 1993.
14. J. G. Kostas and B. Boverie, "Statistical model for a mode stirred chamber", IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat., vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 366-370, Nov. 1991.
15. C. L. Holloway, D. Hill, J. Ladbury, G. Koepke, and R. Garzia, "Shielding effectiveness measurements of materials in nested reverberation chambers", IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat., vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 350-356, May 2003.
16. C. L. Holloway, D. A. Hill, M. Sandroni, J. M. Ladbury, J. Coder, G. Koepke, A. C. Marvin, and Y. He, "Use of reverberation chambers todetermine the shielding effectiveness of physically small, electrically large enclosures and cavities", IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat., vol. 50, no. 4, pp. 770-782, Nov. 2008.
17. N. Serafimov, P.-S. Kildal, and T. Bolin, "Comparison between radiation efficiencies of phone antennas and radiated power of mobile phones measured in anechoic chambers and reverberation chamber", in Proc. 2002 IEEE Antennas Propag. Soc. Int. Symp., Jun. 2002, vol. 2, pp. 478-481.
18. P.-S. Kildal, K. Rosengren, J. Byun, and J. Lee, "Definition of effective diversity gain and how to measure it in a reverberation chamber", Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 56-59, Jul. 2002.
19. P.-S. Kildal and K. Rosengren, "Electromagnetic analysis of effective and apparent diversity gain of two parallel dipoles", IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett., vol. 2, pp. 9-13, 2003.
20. K. Rosengren, P.-S. Kildal, C. Carlsson, and J. Carlsson, "Characterization of antennas for mobile and wireless terminals in reverberation chambers: Improved accuracy by platform stirring", Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 30, no. 20, pp. 391-397, Sep. 2001.
21. K. Rosengren and P.-S. Kildal, "Radiation efficiency, correlation, diversity gain, and capacity of a six monopole antenna array for a MIMO system: Theory, simulation and measurement in reverberation chamber", IEE Proc.-Microw. Antennas Propag., vol. 152, no. 1, pp. 7-16, Feb. 2005.
22. M. Lienard and P. Degauque, "Simulation of dual array multipath channels using mode stirred reverberation chambers", Electron. Lett., vol. 40, no. 10, pp. 578-579, May 2004.
23. K. Rosengren and P.-S. Kildal, "Study of distributions of modes and plane waves in reverberation chambers for characterization of antennas in multipath environment", Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 30, no. 20, pp. 386-391, Sep. 2001.
24. G. Ferrara, M. Migliaccio, and A. Sorrentino, "Characterization of GSM non-line-of-sight propagation channels generated in a reverberating chamber by using bit error rates", IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat., vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 467-473, Aug. 2007.
25. M. Otterskog and K. Madsen, "On creating a nonisotropic propagation environment inside a scattered field chamber", Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 192-195, Nov. 2004.
26. H. Fielitz, K. A. Remley, C. L. Holloway, Q. Zhang, Q. Wu, and D. W. Matolak, "Reverberation-chamber test environment for outdoor urban wireless propagation studies", IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett., vol. 9, pp. 52-56, 2010.
27. C. Orlenius, P.-S. Kildal, and G. Poilasne, "Measurementsoftotal isotropic sensitivity and average fading sensitivity of CDMA phones in reverberation chamber", in Proc. IEEE Antennas Propag. Soc. Int. Symp., Washington, DC, Jul. 3-8. 2005, vol. 1A, pp. 409-412.
28. J. M. Ladbury, P. F. Wilson, G. H. Koepke, and T. Lammers, "Reverberation chamber: An evaluation for possible use as a RF exposure system for animal studies", in Proc. Bio-Electromagn. Soc. (BEMS) 25th Annu. Meeting, Maui, HI, Jun. 22-27, 2003, pp. 150-151.
29. T. S. Rappaport, Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1996.
30. K. A. Remley, G. Koepke, C. L. Holloway, C. Grosvenor, D. Camell, J. Ladbury, D. Novotny, W. F. Young, M. D. McKinley, Y. Becquet, and J. Korsnes, "Measurements to support modulated-signal radio transmissions for the public-safety sector", Nat. Inst. Stand. Technol., Boulder, CO, NIST Tech. Note 1546, Oct. 2007.
31. J. Chuang, "The effects of time delay spread on portable radio communications channels with digital modulation", IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol. SAC-5, no. 5, pp. 879-889, Jun. 1987.
32. S. R. Saunders and A. Aragon-Zavala, Antennas and Propagation for Wireless Communication Systems, 2nd ed. New York: Wiley, 2007, ISBN 978-0-470-84879-1.
33. C. L. Holloway, D. A. Hill, J. M. Ladbury, and G. Koepke, "Requirements for an effective reverberation chamber: Unloaded or loaded", IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat., vol. 48, no. 1, pp. 187-194, Feb. 2006.
34. J. P. Van't Hof, "Modeling the dispersion and gain of RF wireless channels inside reverberant enclosures", Ph. D. thesis, Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA, Aug. 2005.
35. W. F. Young, K. A. Remley, J. Ladbury, C. L. Holloway, C. Grosvenor, G. Koepke, D. Camell, S. Floris, W. Numan, and A. Garuti, "Measurements to support public-safety communications: Attenuation and variability of 750 MHz radio wave signals in three large building structures", Nat. Inst. Stand. Technol., Boulder, CO, NIST Tech. Note 1552, 2009.