Synthesis of novolac-based char former: Silicon-containing phenolic resin and its synergistic action with magnesium hydroxide in polyamide-6

Fire and Materials

Volumn 34, Issue 8, 2010, Pages 407-419

  Fei, Guoxia ^a   Wang, Qi ^a   Liu, Yuan ^a  

^a SICHUAN UNIVERSITY   (China)

Author keywords

Anti dripping; Char former; Flame retardant polyamide 6; Magnesium hydroxide; Silicon containing phenolic resin

Indexed keywords

AMINOPROPYLTRIETHOXYSILANE; ANTI-DRIPPING; CHAR FORMER; DEHYDRATION REACTIONS; FLAME RETARDANCY; FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED; HIGH ENERGY; HYDROXIDE GROUPS; MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE; NOVOLAC; POLYAMIDE 6; PROTON NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE; SYNERGISTIC ACTION; THERMAL OXIDATIVE STABILITY;

DEHYDRATION; ETHANOL; FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENT; FLAME RETARDANTS; FOURIER TRANSFORMS; MAGNESIUM; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE; PHENOLIC RESINS; PLASTICS; POLYMER BLENDS; RESONANCE; SILICON COMPOUNDS; SYNTHESIS (CHEMICAL); SYNTHETIC RESINS; THERMOGRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS;

PHENOLS;

EID: 78649303211     PISSN: 03080501     EISSN: 10991018     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/fam.1029     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. Innes J, Innes A,. Flame retardants: current trends in North America. Plastics, Additives and Compounding 2001; 3 (4): 22 - 26.
2. Markarian J,. Flame retardants for polyamides-new developments and processing concerns. Plastics, Additives and Compounding 2005; 7 (2): 22 - 25.
3. Weil ED, Levchik S,. Current practice and recent commercial developments in flame retardancy of polyamides. Journal of Fire Sciences 2004; 22 (3): 251 - 264.
4. Levchik SV, Weil ED,. Combustion and fire retardancy of aliphatic nylons. Polymer International 2000; 49 (10): 1033 - 1073.
5. Innes J, Innes A,. Compounding metal hydrate flame retardants. Plastics, Additives and Compounding 2002; 4 (4): 22 - 26.
6. Rothon RN, Hornsby PR,. Flame retardant effects of magnesium hydroxide. Polymer Degradation and Stability 1996; 54 (2-3): 383 - 385.
7. Hornsby PR, Wang J, Rothon R, Jackson G, Wilkinson G, Cossick K,. Thermal decomposition behaviour of polyamide fire-retardant compositions containing magnesium hydroxide filler. Polymer Degradation and Stability 1996; 51: 235 - 249.
8. Lewin M,. Synergism and catalysis in flame retardancy of polymers. Polymers for Advanced Technologies 2001; 12 (3-4): 215 - 222.
9. Gui H, Zhang XH, Liu YQ, Dong WF, Wang QG, Gao JM, Song ZH, Lai JM, Qiao JL,. Effect of dispersion of nano-magnesium hydroxide on the flammability of flame retardant ternary composites. Composites Science and Technology 2007; 67 (6): 974 - 980.
10. Lei S, Yuan H, Lin ZH, Xuan SY, Wang SF, Chen ZY, Fan WC,. Preparation and properties of halogen-free flame-retarded polyamide 6/organoclay nanocomposite. Polymer Degradation and Stability 2004; 86 (3): 535 - 540.
11. Harashina H, Tajima Y, Itoh T,. Synergistic effect of red phosphorus, novolac and melamine ternary combination on flame retardancy of poly(oxymethylene). Polymer Degradation and Stability 2006; 91: 1996 - 2002.
12. Seo K, Kim J, Bae JY,. Towards the development of thermally latent novolac-based char formers for ABS resins. Polymer Degradation and Stability 2006; 91 (7): 1513 - 1521.
13. Ji Y, Kim J, Bae JY,. Flame-retardant ABS resins from novel phenyl isocyanate blocked novolac phenols and triphenyl phosphate. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 2006; 102 (1): 721 - 728.
14. Weil ED, Lewin M, Lin HS,. Enhanced flame retardancy of polypropylene with magnesium hydroxide, melamine and novolac. Journal of Fire Science 1998; 16: 383 - 404.
15. Levchik SV, Bright DA, Alessio GR, Dashevsky S,. Synergistic action between aryl phosphates and phenolic resin in PBT. Polymer Degradation and Stability 2002; 77: 267 - 272.
16. Huang PT, Kwei TK, Pearce EM, Levchik SV,. Blends of nylon-6 with phenol-containing polymers. Journal of Polymer Science Part A-Polymer Chemistry 2001; 39 (6): 841 - 850.
17. Morterra C, Low MJD,. Infrared studies of carbons. 8. The oxidation of phenol-formaldehyde char. Langmuir 1985; 1: 320 - 326.
18. Costa L, Montelera RD, Camino G, Weil ED, Pearce EM,. Structure-charring relationship in phenol-formaldehyde type resins. Polymer Degradation and Stability 1997; 56: 23 - 35.
19. Fei GX, Liu Y, Wang Q,. Synergistic effects of novolac-based char former with magnesium hydroxide in flame retardant polyamide-6. Polymer Degradation and Stability 2008; 93: 1351 - 1356.
20. Ebdon JR, Hunt BJ, Jones MS, Thorpe FG,. Chemical modification of polymers to improve flame retardance-II. The influence of siliconcontaining groups. Polymer Degradation and Stability 1996; 54: 395 - 400.
21. Lu SY, Hamerton I,. Recent developments in the chemistry of halogen-free flame retardant polymers. Progress in Polymer Science 2002; 27: 1661 - 1712.
22. Iji M, Serizawa S,. Silicone derivatives as new flame retardants for aromatic thermoplastics used in electronic devices. Polymers for Advanced Technologies 1998; 9: 593 - 600.
23. Li Q, Jiang PK, Wei P,. Studies on the properties of polypropylene with a new silicon-containing intumescent flame retardant. Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 2005; 43: 2548 - 2556.
24. Li Q, Jiang PK, Su ZP, Wei P, Wang GL, Tang XZ,. Synergistic effect of phosphorus, nitrogen, and silicon on flame-retardant properties and char yield in polypropylene. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 2005; 96: 854 - 860.
25. Chiang CL, Chang RC,. Synthesis, characterization and properties of novel self-extinguishing organic-inorganic nanocomposites containing nitrogen, silicon and phosphorus via sol-gel method. Composites Science and Technology 2008; 68: 2849 - 2857.
26. Walsh R,. Bond dissociation energy values in silicon-containing compounds and some of their implications. Accounts of Chemical Research 1981; 14 (8): 246 - 252.
27. Laarhoven LJJ, Mulder P, Wayner DDM,. Determination of bond dissociation enthalpies in solution by photoacoustic calorimetry. Accounts of Chemical Research 1999; 32 (4): 342 - 349.