The psychological impact of terrorist attacks: Examining a dose-response relationship between exposure to 9/11 and Axis i mental disorders

Depression and Anxiety

Volumn 27, Issue 11, 2010, Pages 993-1000

  Henriksen, Christine A ^a   Bolton, James M ^a   Sareen, Jitender ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MANITOBA   (Canada)

Author keywords

9 11; anxiety disorders; depression; epidemiology; posttraumatic stress disorder

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ANXIETY DISORDER; ARTICLE; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; FEMALE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MENTAL DISEASE; POPULATION EXPOSURE; POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOLOGIC ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; STRUCTURED INTERVIEW; TERRORISM;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; ANXIETY DISORDERS; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; FAMILY; FEMALE; FRIENDS; GRIEF; HEALTH SURVEYS; HUMANS; INCIDENCE; INTERVIEW, PSYCHOLOGICAL; LIFE CHANGE EVENTS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; ODDS RATIO; SEPTEMBER 11 TERRORIST ATTACKS; STRESS DISORDERS, POST-TRAUMATIC; SUBSTANCE-RELATED DISORDERS; WOUNDS AND INJURIES; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 78649301851     PISSN: 10914269     EISSN: 15206394     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/da.20742     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. National Counterterrorism Center. A Chronology of Significant International Terrorism for 2004. Washington, DC: National Counterterrorism Center; 2005.
2. National Counterterrorism Center. 2008 Report on Terrorism. Washington, DC: National Counterterrorism Center; 2009.
3. Galea S, Ahern J, Resnick H, et al. Psychological sequelae of the September 11 terrorists attacks in New York City. N Engl J Med 2002; 346: 982 - 987.
4. Norris FH, Friedman MJ, Watson PJ, et al. 60,000 disaster victims speak: Part I. An empirical review of the empirical literature, 1981-2001. Psychiatry 2002; 60: 409 - 418.
5. Neria Y, Nandi A, Galea S,. Post-traumatic stress disorder following disasters: a systematic review. Psychol Med 2008; 38: 467 - 480.
6. Kessler RC, Chiu WT, Demler O, Walters EE,. Prevalence, severity, and comorbidity of 12-month DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2005; 62: 617 - 627. (Pubitemid 40973437)
7. CDC,. Mental health status of World Trade Center rescue and recovery workers and volunteers-New York City, July 2002-August 2004. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2004; 53: 812 - 815.
8. Schlenger WE, Caddell JM, Ebert L, et al. Psychological reactions to terrorist attacks: findings from the National Study of Americans' Reactions to September 11. JAMA 2002; 288: 581 - 588.
9. Silver RC, Holman EA, McIntosh DN, et al. Nationwide longitudinal study of psychological responses to September 11. J Am Med Assoc 2002; 288: 1235 - 1244.
10. Galea S, Vlahov D, Resnick H, et al. Trends of probable post-traumatic stress disorder in New York City after the September 11 terrorist attacks. Am J Epidemiol 2003; 158: 514 - 524. (Pubitemid 37093227)
11. Brackbill RM, Hadler JL, DiGrande L, et al. Asthma and posttraumatic stress symptoms 5 to 6 years following exposure to the World Trade Center terrorist attack. J Am Med Assoc 2009; 302: 502 - 516.
12. Grant BF, Kaplan KD, Shepard J, Moore T,. Source and Accuracy Statement: Wave 1 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC). Bethesda, MD: National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism; 2003.
13. Grant BF, Kaplan KD,. Source and Accuracy Statement for the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC). Rockville, MD: National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism; 2005.
14. Grant BF, Dawson DA, Hasin DS,. The Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule-DSM-IV Version. Bethesda, MD: National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism; 2004.
15. Grant BF, Dawson DA, Hasin DS,. The Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule-DSM-IV Version. Bethesda, MD: National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism; 2001.
16. Grant BF, Dawson DA, Stinson FS, et al. The Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule-IV (AUDADIS-IV): reliability of alcohol consumption, tobacco use, family history of depression and psychiatric diagnostic modules in a general population sample. Drug Alcohol Depend 2003: 71: 7 - 16.
17. Ruan WJ, Goldstein RB, Chou SP, et al. The Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule-IV (AUDADIS-IV): reliability of new psychiatric diagnostic modules and risk factors in a general population sample. Drug Alcohol Depend 2008; 92: 27 - 36.
18. Canino GJ, Bravo M, Ramfrez R, et al. The Spanish Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule (AUDADIS): reliability and concordance with clinical diagnoses in a Hispanic population. J Stud Alcohol 1999; 60: 790 - 799.
19. Cottler LB, Grant BF, Blaine J, et al. Concordance of DSM-IV alcohol and drug use disorder criteria and diagnoses as measured by AUDADIS-ADR, CIDI, and SCAN. Drug Alcohol Depend 1997; 47: 195 - 205.
20. Grant BF, Hasin DS, Stinson FS, et al. The epidemiology of DSM-IV panic disorder and agoraphobia in the United States: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. J Clin Psychiatry 2006; 67: 363 - 374.
21. Grant BF, Hasin DS, Stinson FS, et al. Prevalence, correlates, co-morbidity, and comparative disability of DSM-IV generalized anxiety disorder in the USA: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Psychol Med 2005; 35: 1747 - 1759.
22. Grant BF, Stinson FS, Hasin DS, et al. Prevalence, correlates, and comorbidity of bipolar I disorder and Axis I and II disorders: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. J Clin Psychiatry 2005; 66: 1205 - 1215.
23. Hasin DS, Goodwin RD, Stinson FS, Grant BF,. Epidemiology of major depressive disorder: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcoholism and Related Conditions. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2005; 62: 1097 - 1106.
24. Stinson FS, Dawson DA, Chou SP, et al. The epidemiology of specific phobia in the USA: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Psychol Med 2007; 37: 1047 - 1059.
25. Shah BV, Barnswell BG, Bieler GS,. SUDAAN User's Manual: Software for the Analysis of Correlated Data. Research Triangle Park, NC: Research Triangle Institute; 1995.
26. Ahern J, Galea S, Resnick H, et al. Television images and psychological symptoms after the September 11 terrorist attacks. Psychiatry 2002; 65: 289 - 300. (Pubitemid 36083175)
27. Spitzer RL, First MB, Wakefield JC,. Saving PTSD from itself in DSM-V. J Anxiety Disord 2007; 21: 233 - 241.
28. Nandi A, Galea S, Ahern J, Vlahov D,. Probable cigarette dependence, PTSD, and depression after an urban disaster: results from a population survey of New York City residents 4 months after September 11, 2001. Psychiatry 2005; 68: 299 - 310.
29. Koenen KC, Stellman SD, Dohrenwend BP, et al. The consistency of combat exposure reporting and course of PTSD in Vietnam War veterans. J Trauma Stress 2007; 20: 3 - 13.
30. Roemer L, Litz BT, Orsillo SM, et al. Increases in retrospective accounts of war-zone exposure over time: the role of PTSD symptom severity. J Trauma Stress 1998; 11: 597 - 605.
31. Southwick SM, Morgan CA, Nicolaou AL, Charney DS,. Consistency of memory for combat-related traumatic events in veterans of Operation Desert Storm. Am J Psychiatry 1997; 154: 173 - 177.