Accuracy of three electronic apex locators compared with digital radiography: An ex vivo study

Journal of Endodontics

Volumn 36, Issue 12, 2010, Pages 2003-2007

  Cianconi, Luigi ^a   Angotti, Vincenzo ^a   Felici, Roberto ^a   Conte, Gabriele ^a   Mancini, Manuele ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ROME TOR VERGATA   (Italy)

Author keywords

Electronic apex locator; Endex; ProPex II; Radio videography; Root ZX; Working length

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; COMPARATIVE STUDY; DENTAL EQUIPMENT; ENDODONTICS; EVALUATION; HISTOLOGY; HUMAN; INSTRUMENTATION; METHODOLOGY; MIDDLE AGED; ODONTOMETRY; RADIOGRAPHY; REPRODUCIBILITY; TOOTH PULP; TOOTH RADIOGRAPHY; TOOTH ROOT;

ADULT; DENTAL EQUIPMENT; DENTAL PULP CAVITY; HUMANS; MIDDLE AGED; ODONTOMETRY; RADIOGRAPHY, DENTAL, DIGITAL; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; ROOT CANAL PREPARATION; TOOTH APEX;

EID: 78449280877     PISSN: 00992399     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2010.08.036     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Glossary of Endodontic Terms 7th ed. 2003 American Association of Endodontists Chicago, IL
2. Y. Kuttler Microscopic investigation of root apexes J Am Dent Assoc 50 1955 544 552
3. C.J. Grove A new simple standardized technique producing perfect fitting impermeable root canal fillings extended to the dento-cemento junction Dent Items Interest 50 1928 855 857
4. H.E. Vande Voorde, and A.M. Bjorndahl Estimating endodontic "working length" with paralleling radiographs Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 27 1969 106 110
5. D.H. Pratten, and N.J. McDonald Comparison of radiographic and electronic working lengths J Endod 22 1996 173 176
6. M. Goldman, A.H. Pearson, and N. Darzenta Endodontic success: who's reading the radiograph? Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 33 1972 432 437
7. D.A. Green Stereo binocular microscopic study of the root apices and surrounding areas of 100 mandibular molars Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 8 1955 1298
8. B.H. Seidberg, B.V. Alibrandi, and H. Fine Clinical investigation of measuring working lengths of root canals with an electronic device and with digital-tactile sense J Am Dent Assoc 90 1975 379 387
9. L.E. Custer Exact methods of locating the apical foramen Q Natl Dent Assoc 5 1918 815 819
10. K. Suzuki Experimental study on iontophoresis J Jap Stomatol 16 1942 411
11. I. Sunada New method for measuring the length of the root canal J Dent Res 41 1962 375 387
12. E. Özsezer, U. Inan, and U. Aydin In vivo evaluation of ProPex electronic apex locator J Endod 33 2008 974 977
13. J. Ushiyama New principle and method for measuring the root canal length J Endod 9 1983 97 104
14. T. Saito, and Y. Yamashita Electronic determination of root canal length by newly developed measuring device - influence of the diameter of apical foramen, the size of K-file and the root canal irrigant Dent Jpn (Tokyo) 27 1990 65 72
15. A.L. Frank, and M. Torabinejad An in vivo evaluation of Endex electronic apex locator J Endod 19 1993 177 179
16. R. Weiger, C. John, and H. Geigle An in vitro comparison of two modern apex locators J Endod 25 1999 765 768
17. R.J. De Moor, G.M. Hommez, and L.C. Martens Accuracy of four electronic apex locators: an in vitro evaluation Endod Dental Traumatol 15 1999 77 82
18. M.A. Martinez-Lozano, L. Forner-Navarro, and J.L. Sanchez-Cortés Methodological considerations in the determination of working length Int Endod J 34 2001 371 376
19. C. Kobayashi, and H. Suda New electronic canal measuring device based on the ratio method J Endod 20 1994 111 114
20. A.R. Welk, J.C. Baumgartner, and J.G. Marshall An in vivo comparison of two frequency-based electronic apex locators J Endod 29 2003 497 500
21. S. Shabahang, W.W.Y. Goon, and A.H. Gluskin An in vivo evaluation of Root ZX electronic apex locator J Endod 22 1996 616 618
22. C.A. Dunlap, N.A. Remeikis, and E.A. BeGole An in vivo evaluation of an electronic apex locator that uses the ratio method in vital and necrotic canals J Endod 24 1998 48 50
23. G. Pagavino, R. Pace, and T. Baccetti An SEM study of in vivo accuracy of the Root ZX electronic apex locator J Endod 24 1998 438 441
24. F. Goldberg, A.C. De Silvio, and S. Manfre In vitro measurement accuracy of an electronic apex locator in teeth with simulated apical root resorption J Endod 28 2002 461 463
25. M.P. Gordon, and N.P. Chandler Electronic apex locators Int Endod J 37 2004 425 437
26. M.H. Nekoofar, M.M. Ghandi, and S.J. Hayes The fundamental operating principles of electronic root canal length measurement devices Int Endod J 39 2006 595 609
27. A. El Ayouti, R. Weiger, and C. Lost The ability of root ZX apex locator to reduce the frequency of overestimated radiographic working length J Endod 28 2002 116 119
28. F.L. D'Assunão, D.S. de Albuquerque, and J.R. Salazar-Silva The accuracy of root canal measurements using the Mini Apex Locator and Root ZX-II: an evaluation in vitro Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 104 2007 e50 e53
29. K.T. Wrbas, A.A. Ziegler, and M.J. Altenburger In vivo comparison of working length determination with two electronic apex locators Int Endod J 40 2007 133 138
30. C. Haffner, M. Folwaczny, and K. Galler Accuracy of electronic apex locators in comparison to actual length - an in vivo study J Dent 33 2005 619 625
31. M. Herrera, C. Abalos, and A.J. Planas Influence of apical constriction diameter on Root ZX apex locator precision J Endod 33 2007 995 998
32. G. Plotino, N.M. Grande, and L. Brigante Ex vivo accuracy of three electronic apex locators: Root ZX, Elements Diagnostic Unit and Apex Locator and ProPex Int Endod J 39 2006 408
33. M. Tselnik, J.C. Baumgartner, and J.G. Marshall An evaluation of Root ZX and Elements Diagnostic apex locators J Endod 31 2005 507 509
34. G.M. Guise, G.G. Goodell, and G.M. Imamura In vitro comparison of three electronic apex locators J Endod 36 2010 279 281
35. C. Lucena-Martin, V. Robles-Gijon, and C.M. Ferrer-Luque In vitro evaluation of the accuracy of three electronic apex locators J Endod 30 2004 231 233
36. A.K. Ebrahim, R. Wadachi, and H. Suda Ex vivo evaluation of the ability of four different electronic apex locators to determine the working length in teeth with various foramen diameters Aust Dent J 51 2006 258 262
37. H.F. Ounsi, and A. Naaman In vitro evaluation of the reliability of the Root ZX electronic apex locator Int Endod J 32 1999 120 123
38. F. Goldberg, B.B. Marroquin, and S. Frajlich In vitro evaluation of the ability of three apex locators to determine the working length during retreatment J Endod 31 2005 676 678
39. A. El Ayouti, I. Kimionis, and A.L. Chu Determining the apical terminus of root-end resected teeth using three modern apex locators: a comparative ex vivo study Int Endod J 38 2005 827 833
40. R.A. Bernardes, M.A. Duarte, and B.C. Vasconcelos Evaluation of precision of length determination with 3 electronic apex locators: Root ZX, Elements Diagnostic Unit and Apex Locator, and RomiAPEX D-30 Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 104 2007 e91 e94
41. P.M. Dummer, J.H. McGinn, and D.G. Rees The position and topography of the apical canal constriction and apical foramen Int Endod J 17 1984 192 198
42. D. Ricucci Apical limit of root canal instrumentation and obturation, part 1. Literature review Int Endod J 31 1998 384 393
43. A.K. Ebrahim, R. Wadachi, and H. Suda In vitro evaluation of the accuracy of five different electronic apex locators for determining the working length of endodontically retreated teeth Aust Endod J 33 2007 7 12
44. J.A. Jenkins, W.A. Walker 3rd, and W.G. Schindler An in vitro evaluation of the accuracy of the root ZX in the presence of various irrigants J Endod 27 2001 209 211
45. L. Huang An experimental study of the principle of electronic root canal measurement J Endod 13 1987 60 64
46. F. Pineda, and Y. Kuttler Mesiodistal and buccolingual roentgenographic investigation of 7,275 root canals Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 33 1972 101 110
47. B. Briseño-Marroquin, S. Frajlich, and F. Goldberg Influence of instrument size on the accuracy of different apex locators: an in vitro study J Endod 34 2008 698 702
48. E.J. de Camargo, R.O. Zapata, and P.L. Medeiros Influence of preflaring on the accuracy of length determination with four electronic apex locators J Endod 35 2009 1300 1302
49. C. Siu, J.G. Marshall, and J.C. Baumgartner An in vivo comparison of the Root ZX II, the Apex NRG XFR, and Mini Apex Locator by using rotary nickel-titanium files J Endod 35 2009 962 965
50. T. Naito Better success rate for root canal therapy when treatment includes obturation short of the apex Evid Based Dent 6 2005 45
51. D.L. Mayeda, J.H. Simon, and D.F. Aimar In vivo measurement accuracy in vital and necrotic canals with the Endex apex locator J Endod 19 1993 545 548