In vitro colorimetric evaluation of the efficacy of home bleaching and over-the-counter bleaching products

Quintessence International

Volumn 41, Issue 6, 2010, Pages 505-516

  Dietschi, Didier ^a,b   Benbachir, Nacer ^a   Krejci, Ivo ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GENEVA   (Switzerland)

^b CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Carbamide peroxide; Home bleaching; Hydrogen peroxide; Over the counter bleaching products; Tooth bleaching

Indexed keywords

DRUG DERIVATIVE; HYDROGEN PEROXIDE; NON PRESCRIPTION DRUG; OXIDIZING AGENT; PEROXIDE; POLYVINYL DERIVATIVE; REMBRANDT LIGHTEN; UREA; UREA PEROXIDE;

ANIMAL; ARTICLE; CATTLE; COLORIMETRY; COMPARATIVE STUDY; DENTAL CARE; DENTIN; DRUG EFFECT; ENAMEL; GEL; HISTOLOGY; INSTRUMENTATION; MATERIALS TESTING; METHODOLOGY; RANDOMIZATION; TOOTH DISCOLORATION;

ANIMALS; CATTLE; COLORIMETRY; DENTAL ENAMEL; DENTIN; GELS; HYDROGEN PEROXIDE; MATERIALS TESTING; NONPRESCRIPTION DRUGS; OXIDANTS; PEROXIDES; POLYVINYLS; RANDOM ALLOCATION; TOOTH BLEACHING; TOOTH DISCOLORATION; UREA;

EID: 78449271807     PISSN: 00336572     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. Fasanaro TS. Bleaching teeth: History, chemicals, and methods used for common tooth discolorations. J Esthet Dent 1992; 4: 70-78.
2. Buchalla W, Attin T. External bleaching therapy with activation by heat, light, or laser: A systematic review. Dent Mater 2007; 23: 586-596.
3. Black GV, McKay FS. Mottled enamel: An endemic developmental imperfection of the enamel of the teeth heretofore unknown in the literature of dentistry. Dent Cosmos 1916; 58: 129-156.
4. McKay FS. Mottled enamel. In: Black GV (ed). Pathology of the Hard Tissues of the Teeth: Oral Diagnosis. Chicago: Medico-Dental, 1936: 246-247.
5. Ames JW. Removing stains from mottled enamel. J Am Dent Assoc 1937; 24: 1674-1977.
6. McInnes J. Removing brown stains from teeth. Ariz Dent J 1966; 12: 13.
7. Schwachmann H, Schuster A. The tetracycline's applied pharmacology. Pediatr Clin North Am 1956; 3: 295-303.
8. Feinmann RA, Goldstein RE, Garber DA. Bleaching Teeth. Chicago: Quintessence, 1987: 9-32.
9. Haywood VB, Heymann HO. Nightguard vital bleaching. Quintessence Int 1989; 20: 173-176.
10. Gerlach RW, Gibb RD, Sagel PA. A randomized clinical trial comparing a novel 5.3% hydrogen peroxide whitening strip to 10%, 15%, and 20% carbamide peroxide tray-based bleaching systems. Compend Contin Educ Dent 2000; 29: S22-S28.
11. Gerlach RW, Zhou X. Vital bleaching with whitening strips: Summary of clinical research on effectiveness and tolerability. J Contemp Dent Pract 2001; 15: 1-16.
12. Goldstein RE, Garber DA. Complete Dental Bleaching. Chicago: Quintessence, 1995.
13. Hanks CT, Fat JC, Wataha JC, Corcoran JF. Cytotoxicity and dentin permeability of carbamide peroxide and hydrogen vital bleaching materials, in vitro. J Dent Res 1993; 72: 931-938.
14. Brunton PA. A six-month study of two self-applied tooth whitening products containing carbamide peroxide. Oper Dent 2004; 29: 623-626.
15. Zanter C. Randomized clinical trial on the efficacy of 2 over-the-counter whitening systems. Quintessence Int 2006; 37: 695-706.
16. Leonard RH. Nightguard vital bleaching: Dark stains and long-term results. Compend Contin Educ Dent 2000; 28: S18-27.
17. Leonard RH, Bentley C, Eagle JC, Garland GE, Knight MC, Phillips C. Nightguard vital bleaching: A longterm study on the efficacy, shade retention, side effects and patient's perceptions. J Esthet Restor Dent 2001; 13: 357-369.
18. Ritter AV, Leonard RH, St-George AJ, Caplan DJ, Haywood VB. Safety and stability of nightguard vital bleaching: 9 to 12 years post-treatment. J Esthet Restor Dent 2002; 14: 275-285.
19. Li Y, Lee SS, Cartwright SL, Wilson AC. Comparison of clinical efficacy and safety of three professional athome tooth whitening systems. Compend Contin Educ Dent 2003; 24: 357-360.
20. Bentley C, Leonard RH, Nelson CF, Bentley SA. Quantitation of vital bleaching by computer analysis of photographic images. J Am Dent Assoc 1999; 130: 809-816.
21. Rustogi KN, Curtis J. Development of a quantitative measurement to assess the whitening effects of two different oxygenating agents on teeth in vivo. Compend Contin Educ Dent 1994; 17: S631-S634.
22. Amaechi BT, Higham SM. Development of a quantitative method to monitor the effect of a tooth whitening agent. J Clin Dent 2002; 13: 100-103.
23. Basting RT, Rodrigues AL Jr, Serra MC. The effect of 10% carbamide peroxide bleaching material on microhardness of sound and demineralised enamel. Oper Dent 2001; 26: 531-539.
24. Basting RT, Rodrigues AL Jr, Serra MC. The effect of seven carbamide peroxide bleaching agents on enamel microhardness over time. J Am Dent Assoc 2003; 134: 1335-1342.
25. De Freitas PM, Turssi CP, Hara AT, Serra MC. Monitoring of dentin microhardness throughout and after bleaching. Am J Dent 2004; 17: 342-346.
26. Cimilli H, Pameijer CH. Effect of carbamide peroxide bleaching agents on the physical properties and chemical composition of enamel. Am J Dent 2001; 14: 63-66.
27. Potocknic I, Kosec L, Gaspersic D. Effect of 10% carbamide peroxide bleaching gel on enamel microhardness, microstructure and mineral content. J Endod 2000; 26: 203-206.
28. Freccia WF, Peters DD. A technique for staining extracted teeth: A research and teaching aid for bleaching. J Endod 1982; 8: 67-69.
29. Rotstein I, Zalkind M, Mor C, Tarabeah A, Friedman S. In vitro efficacy of sodium perborate preparations used for intracoronal bleaching of discolored nonvital teeth. Endod Dent Traumatol 1991; 7: 177-180.
30. Vachon C, Vanek P, Friedman S. Internal bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide in vitro. Pract Periodont Aesthet Dent 1998; 10: 1145-1154.
31. Sulieman M, Addy M, Rees JS. Development and evaluation of a method in vitro to study the effectiveness of tooth bleaching. J Dent 2003; 31: 415-422.
32. Sulieman M, Addy M, McDonald E, Rees JS. The bleaching depth of a 35% peroxide based in-office product: A study in vitro. J Dent 2005; 33: 33-40.
33. Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage. Colorimetry [publication no. 15]. CIE: 1976: suppl 15.
34. Chamberlain GJ, Chamberlain DG. Colour: Its measurement, computation and application. London: Heyden & Son, 1980: 60-61.
35. Sachs L. Angewandte Statistik: Planung und Auswertung, Methoden und Modelle. Berlin: Springer, 1974: 420-429.
36. Clarke FJ. Measurement of colour of human teeth. In: McLean JW (ed). Dental Ceramic: Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Ceramics. Chicago: Quintessence, 1983: 441-489.
37. Kuehni RG. Color-tolerance data and the tentative CIE 1976 Lab formula. J Opt Soc Am 1976; 66: 497-500.
38. Rosenstiel SF, Gegauff AG, Johnston WM. Duration of tooth color change after bleaching. J Am Dent Assoc 1991; 122: 54-59.
39. Rosenstiel SF, Porter SS, Johnston WM. Colour measurements of all ceramic crown systems. J Prosthet Dent 1988; 60: 297-303.
40. Johnston WM, Kao EC. Assessment of appearance match by visual observation and clinical colorimetry. J Dent Res 1989; 68: 819-822.
41. Dietschi D, Campanile G, Holz J, Meyer JM. Comparison of the color stability of ten new-generation composites: An in vitro study. Dent Mater 1994; 10: 353-362.
42. Um CM, Ruyter IE. Staining of resin-based veneering materials with coffee and tea. Quintessence Int 1991; 22: 377-386.
43. Dietschi D. In vitro colorimetric evaluation of the efficacy of various bleaching methods and products. Quintessence Int 2006; 37: 515-526.
44. Sulieman M. Tooth bleaching by different concentrations of carbamide peroxide and hydrogen peroxide whitening strips: An in vitro study. J Esthet Restor Dent 2006; 18: 93-100.
45. Kihn PW, Barnes DM, Romberg E, Peterson K. A clinical evaluation of 10 percent vs. 15 percent carbamide peroxide tooth-whitening agents. J Am Dent Assoc 2000; 131: 1478-1484.
46. Matis BA, Mousa HN, Cochran MA, Eckert GJ. Clinical evaluation of bleaching agents of different concentrations. Quintessence Int 2000; 31: 303-310.
47. Cibirka RM, Myers M, Downey MC, et al. Clinical study of tooth shade lightening from dentist-supervised, patient-applied treatment with two 10% carbamide peroxide gels. J Esthet Dent 1999; 11: 325-331.
48. Dunn JR. Dentist-prescribed home bleaching: Current status. Compend Contin Educ Dent 1998; 19: 760-764.
49. Swift EJ Jr, May KN, Wilder AD Jr, Heymann HO, Bayne SC. Two-year clinical evaluation of tooth whitening using an at-home bleaching system. J Esthet Dent 1999; 11: 36-42.
50. Meireles SS, Heckmann SS, Leida FL, dos Santos Ida S, Della Bona A, Demarco FF. Efficacy and safety of 10% and 16% carbamide peroxide tooth-whitening gels: A randomized clinical trial. Oper Dent 2008; 33: 606-612.
51. Meireles SS, Heckmann SS, Santos IS, Della Bona A, Demarco FF. A double-blind randomized clinical trial of at-home tooth bleaching using two carbamide peroxide concentrations: 6-month followup. J Dent 2008; 36: 878-884.
52. McCaslin AJ, Haywood VB, Potter BJ, Dickinson GL, Russel CM. Assessing dentin color changes from nightguard vital bleaching. J Am Dent Assoc 1999; 130: 1485-1490.
53. Ayad F. Clinical comparison of the stain-removal efficacy of a novel liquid whitening gel containing 18% carbamide peroxide and a commercially available whitening dentifrice. Compend Contin Educ Dent 2002; 23(suppl 1): 18-25.
54. Nathoo S. Comparative 3-week clinical tooth-shade evaluation of a novel liquid whitening gel containing 18% carbamide peroxide and a commercially available whitening dentifrice. Compend Contin Educ Dent 2002; 23(suppl 1): 12-17.
55. Zanter C. Randomized clinical trial on the efficacy of a new bleaching lacquer for self-application. Oper Dent 2006; 31: 308-316.
56. Gerlach RW, Zhou X. Comparative clinical efficacy of two professional bleaching systems. Compend Contin Educ Dent 2002; 23: 35-41.
57. Karpinia KA, Magnusson I, Sagel PA, Zhou X, Gerlach RW. Vital bleaching with two at-home professional systems. Am J Dent 2002; 15(special issue): 13A-18A.
58. Karpinia KA, Magnusson I, Barker ML, Gerlach RW. Comparison of two self-directed bleaching systems. J Prosthodont 2003; 12: 242-248.
59. Gerlach RW, Barker ML. Clinical response of three direct-to-consumer whitening products: Strips, paint-on gel, and dentifrice. Compend Contin Educ Dent 2003; 24: 458-464.
60. Cronin MJ. Comparison of two over-the-counter tooth whitening products using a novel system. Compend Contin Educ Dent 2005; 26: 140-148.