Sea level trend reversal: Land uplift outpaced by sea level rise on Scotland's coast

Geomorphology

Volumn 125, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 193-202

  Rennie, A F ^a   Hansom, J D ^b  

^a SCOTTISH NATURAL HERITAGE   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Coastal planning; Continuous Global Positioning System records; Future sea level trends; Isostatic uplift; Scotland; Sea level trend reversal; Tide gauge trends

Indexed keywords

CLIMATE CHANGE; COASTAL LANDFORM; COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT; GLACIOISOSTASY; GPS; LAST GLACIATION; LONG-TERM CHANGE; SEA LEVEL CHANGE; STRATEGIC APPROACH; SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT; TIDE GAUGE; UPLIFT;

SCOTLAND; UNITED KINGDOM;

EID: 78349307680     PISSN: 0169555X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2010.09.015     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Andrews J.T. A geomorphological study of post-glacial uplift: with particular reference to Arctic Canada. Special Publication 1970, No 2. Institute of British Geographers, 156pp.
2. Angus, S., Hansom, J.D., Rennie, A.F., in press. Oir-thìrean na h-Alba ag atharrachadh: habitat change on Scotland's coasts. In: Marrs, S.J., Foster, S., Hendrie, C., Mackey, E.C., Thompson, D.B.A. (Eds). The Changing Nature of Scotland. The Stationery Office, Edinburgh.
3. Archer D. Global warming: understanding the forecast 2007, Blackwell, Oxford.
4. Beckley B.D., Lemoine F.G., Luthcke S.B., Ray R.D., Zelensky N.P. A reassessment of global and regional Mean Sea Level trends from TOPEX and Jason-1 altimetry based on revised reference frame and orbits. Geophysical Research Letters 2007, 34(L14608):1-5.
5. Bindoff N.L., Willebrand J., Artale V., Cazenave A., Gregory J., Gulev S., Hanawa K., Quéré C., Le Levitus S., Nojiri Y., Shum C.K., Talley L.D., Unnikrishnan A. Observations: oceanic climate change and sea level. Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 2007, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. S. Solomon, D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K.B. Averyt, M. Tignor, H.L. Miller (Eds.).
6. Bingley R.M., Teferle F.N., Orliac E.J., Dodson A.H., Williams S.D.P., Blackman D.L., Baker T.F., Riedmann M., Haynes M., Aldiss D.T., Burke H.C., Chacksfield B.C., Tragheim D. Absolute fixing of tide gauge benchmarks and land levels: measuring changes in land and sea levels around the coast of Great Britain and along the Thames Estuary using GPS, absolute gravimetry, persistent scatterer interferometry and tide gauges. Defra/EA Joint R&D FCERM Programme R&D Technical Report FD2319/TR, April 2007 2007.
7. Bradley S., Milne G.A., Teferle F.N., Bingley R.M., Orliac E.J. Glacial isostatic adjustment of the British Isles: new constraints from GPS measurements of crustal motion. Geophysical Journal International 2009, 178:14-22.
8. Carter R.G.W., Forbes D.L., Jennings S.C., Orford J.D., Shaw J., Taylor R.B. Barrier and lagoon coast evolution under differing relative sea level regimes: examples from Ireland and Nova Scotia. Marine Geology 1989, 88:221-242. L.G. Ward, G.M. Ashley (Eds.).
9. Cazenave A., Nerem R.S. Present-day sea level change: observations and causes. Reviews of Geophysics 2004, 42(RG3001):1-20.
10. Church J.A., White N.J. A 20th century acceleration in global sea level rise. Geophysical Research Letters 2006, 33(L01602):1-4.
11. Dawson A., Smith D.E., Dawson S. Potential impacts of climate change on sea levels around Scotland. Research Survey and Monitoring Report No 178 2001, Scottish Natural Heritage, Battleby, Scotland.
12. Firth C.R., Stewart I.S. Postglacial tectonics of the Scottish glacio-isostatic uplift centre. Quaternary Science Reviews 2000, 19:1469-1493.
13. Gehrels R. Late Holocene land- and sea level changes in the British Isles: implications for future sea level predictions. Quaternary Science Reviews 2010, 29:1648-1660.
14. Gehrels R., Long A. Sea level is not level: the case for a new approach to predicting UK sea level rise. Geography 2008, 93:11-16.
15. Graff J. An investigation of the frequency distributions of annual sea level; maxima at ports around Great Britain. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 1981, 12:389-449.
16. Hansen, J., Ruedy, R., Sato, M., Lo, K., in press. Global surface temperature change. Reviews of Geophysics. , doi:10.1029/2010RG000345.
17. Hansom J.D. Coastal sensitivity to environmental change a view from the beach. Catena 2001, 42:291-305.
18. Herald, 2008. Dredger bottoms up for Lerwick Harbour. Ross, D., Published on 16 Apr 2008. (). http://www.heraldscotland.com/dredger-bottoms-up-for-lerwick-harbour-1.878629.
19. Jacobi R.M., Rose J., MacLeod A., Higham T.F.G. Revised radiocarbon ages on woolly rhinoceros (Coelodonta antiquitatis) from western central Scotland: significance for timing the extinction of woolly rhinoceros in Britain and the onset of the LGM in central Scotland. Quaternary Science Reviews 2009, 28:2551-2556.
20. Katsman C.A., Hazeleger W., Drijfhout S.S., Jan van Oldenborgh G., Burgers G. Climate scenarios of sea level rise for the northeast Atlantic Ocean: a study including the effects of ocean dynamics and gravity changes induced by ice melt. Climatic Change 2008, 91:351-374.
21. Lajeunesse P., Hanson M. Field observation of recent transgression on northern and eastern Melville Island, Western Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Geomorphology 2008, 101:618-630.
22. Milne G.A., Shennan I., Youngs B.A.R., Waugh A.I., Teferle F.N., Bingley R.M., Bassett S.E., Cuthbert-Brown C., Bradley S.L. Modelling the glacial isostatic adjustment of the UK region. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society 2006, 364:931-948.
23. Mitrovica J.X., Tamisiea M.E., Davis J.L., Milne G.A. Recent mass balance of polar ice sheets inferred from patterns of global sea level change. Nature 2001, 409:1026-1029.
24. Orford J.D., Pethick J. Challenging assumptions of future coastal habitat development around the UK. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 2006, 31:1625-1642.
25. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2007 2007, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. M.L. Parry, O.F. Canziani, J.P. Palutikof, P.J. van der Linden, C.E. Hanson (Eds.).
26. Pethick J. Future sea level changes in Scotland: options for coastal management. Scotland's Living Coastline 1999, 45-62. The Stationery Office. J. Baxter, K. Duncan, S. Atkins, G. Lees (Eds.).
27. POL Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level 2009, http://www.psmsl.org/data/obtaining/stations/361.php.
28. Pugh D. Changing sea levels: effects of tides, weather and climate 2004, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
29. Rennie, A.F., 2006. The role of sediment supply and sea level changes on a submerging coast, past changes and future management implications. University of Glasgow. Unpublished PhD Thesis.
30. Scottish Government Higher-Activity Radioactive Waste Policy, Strategic Environmental Assessment, Scoping Report. 29 June 2009. Edinburgh 2009.
31. Sejrup H.P., Nygård A., Hall A.M., Haflidason H. Middle and Late Weichselian (Devensian) glaciation history of south-western Norway, North Sea and eastern UK. Quaternary Science Reviews 2009, 28:370-380.
32. Shennan I., Horton B. Holocene land- and sea level changes in Great Britain. Journal of Quaternary Science 2002, 17:511-526.
33. Shennan I., Woodworth P.L. A comparison of late Holocene and twentieth century sea level trends from the UK and North Sea region. Geophysical Journal International 1992, 109:96-105.
34. Shennan I., Lambeck K., Horton B., Innes J., Lloyd J., McArthur J., Purcell T., Rutherford M. Late Devensian and Holocene records of relative sea level changes in northwest Scotland and their implications for glacio-hydro-isostatic modelling. Quaternary Science Reviews 2000, 19:1103-1135.
35. Shennan I., Bradley S., Milne G., Brooks A., Bassett S., Hamilton S. Relative sea level changes, glacial isostatic modelling, and ice-sheet reconstructions from the British Isles since the last Glacial Maximum. Journal of Quaternary Science 2006, 21:585-599.
36. Shennan I., Milne G., Bradley S. Late Holocene relative land- and sea level changes: Providing information for stakeholders. The Geological Society of America Today 2009, 19(9):52-53.
37. Smith D.E. Sea level change in Scotland during the Devensian and Holocene. Reflections on the Ice Age in Scotland 1997, 136-151. Scottish Natural Heritage, Battleby, Scotland. J.E. Gordon (Ed.).
38. Smith D.E. Evidence for secular sea surface level changes in the Holocene raised shorelines of Scotland, UK. Journal of Coastal Research (Special Issue) 2005, 42:26-42.
39. Smith D.E., Fretwell P.T., Cullingford R.A., Firth C.R. Towards improved empirical isobase models of Holocene land uplift for mainland Scotland, UK. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 2006, 364A:949-972.
40. Smith D.E., Davies M.H., Brooks C.L., Mighall T.M., Dawson S., Rea B.R., Jordan J.T., Holloway L.K. Holocene relative sea levels and related prehistoric activity in the Forth lowland, Scotland, United Kingdom. Quaternary Science Reviews 2010, 29:2382-2410.
41. SNIFFER Scoping Review of Coastal Flooding, Final Report. FRM10 2008, Scottish and Northern Ireland Forum for Scientific Research.
42. Teferle F.N., Bingley R.M., Williams S.D.P., Baker T.F., Dodson A.H. Using continuous GPS and absolute gravity to separate vertical land movements and changes in sea level at tide-gauges in the UK. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 2006, 364:917-930.
43. The Telegraph http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/earthnews/6226537/England-is-sinking-while-Scotland-rises-above-sealevels-according-to-new-study.html.
44. Turner J., Bindschalder R., Convey P., di Prisco G., Fahrbach E., Gutt J., Hodgson D., Mayewski P., Summerhayes C. Antarctic climate change and environment 2009, Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research, Scott Polar Research Institute, Cambridge.
45. UKCP09 United Kingdom Climate Projections. Marine and Coastal Projections http://ukclimateprojections.defra.gov.uk/content/view/825/518/.
46. Woodworth P.L., Tsimplis M.N., Flather R.A., Shennan I. A review of the trends observed in British Isles Mean Sea Level data measured by tide gauges. Geophysical Journal International 1999, 136:651-670.
47. Woodworth P.L., Teferle F.N., Bingley R.M., Shennan I., Williams S.D.P. Trends in UK Mean Sea Level revisited. Geophysical Journal International 2009, 176:19-30.
48. Woodworth P.L., White N.J., Jevrejeva S., Holgate S.J., Church J.A., Gehrels W.R. Evidence for the accelerations of sea level on multi-decadal and century timescales. International Journal of Climatology 2009, 29:777-789.