Electrochemical photovoltaic cells-review of recent developments

Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology

Volumn 85, Issue 12, 2010, Pages 1547-1552

  Wei, Di ^a   Andrew, Piers ^a   Ryhänen, Tapani ^a  

^a NOKIA RESEARCH CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Dye sensitized solar cells (DSSC); Electrochemical photovoltaic cells

Indexed keywords

CARBON NANOTUBE ELECTRODES; DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELLS; ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY; ELECTROCHEMICAL PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS; IONIC LIQUID ELECTROLYTES; LIGHT ENERGY; LOWER COST; NANO-STRUCTURED; PHOTO-ELECTROCHEMISTRY; RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT; RESEARCH TOPICS; SEMICONDUCTING ELECTRODES;

AMORPHOUS SILICON; CARBON NANOTUBES; CYTOLOGY; ELECTRODES; GRAPHENE; INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS; IONIC LIQUIDS; PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS; PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS; RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT; SOLAR ENERGY; SOLAR POWER GENERATION;

SOLAR CELLS;

CARBON NANOTUBE; DYE; ELECTROLYTE; GRAPHENE; TITANIUM DIOXIDE;

CHEMICAL REACTION; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; ELECTRODE; ENERGY; OXIDATION; PHOTON; REVIEW; SEMICONDUCTOR; SOLID STATE;

EID: 78349275686     PISSN: 02682575     EISSN: 10974660     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/jctb.2468     Document Type: Review

References (75)

1. Becquerel AE, Recherches sur les effets de la radiation chimique de la lumière solaire, au moyen des courants électriques. C R Acad Sci 9: 145-149 (1839).
2. West W, First hundred years of spectral sensitization. Proc Vogel Cent Symp Photogr Sci Eng 18: 35-48 (1974).
3. Gerischer H and Tributsch H, Electrochemische Untersuchungen zur spectraleu sensibilisierung von ZnO-Einkristallen. Ber Bunsenges Phys Chem 72: 437-445 (1968).
4. Hauffe K, Danzmann HJ, Pusch H, Range J and Volz H, New experiments on the sensitization of zinc oxide by means of the electrochemical cell technique. J Electrochem Soc 117: 993-999 (1970).
5. Myamlin VA and Pleskov YV, Electrochemistry of Semiconductors. Plenum Press, New York (1967).
6. Ellis AB, Kaiser SW and Wrighton MS, Visible light to electrical energy conversion. Stable cadmium sulfide and cadmium selenide photoelectrodes in aqueous electrolytes. J Am Chem Soc 98: 1635-1637 (1976).
7. Ellis AB, Bolts JM and Wrighton MS, Characterization of n-type semiconducting indium phosphide photoelectrodes. J Electrochem Soc 124: 1603-1607 (1977).
8. Hodes G, Manassen J and Cahen D, Photoelectrochemical energy conversion and storage using polycrystalline chalcogenide electrodes. Nature 261: 403-404 (1976).
9. Miller B and Heller A, Semiconductor liquid junction solar cells based on anodic sulfide films. Nature 262: 680-681 (1976).
10. Gratzel M, Applied physics: solar cells to dye for. Nature 421: 586-587 (2003).
11. Gratzel M, Conversion of sunlight to electric power by nanocrystalline dye-sensitized solar cells. J Photochem Photobiol A 164: 3-14 (2004).
12. Hagfeldt A and Gratzel M, Molecular photovoltaics. Accts Chem Res 33: 269-277 (2000).
13. Hagfeldt A and Gratzel M, Light-induced redox reactions in nanocrystalline systems. Chem Rev 95: 49-68 (1995).
14. Wurfel U, Peters M and Hinsch A, Detailed experimental and theoretical investigation of the electron transport in a dye solar cell by means of a three-electrode configuration. J Phys Chem C 112: 1711-1720 (2008).
15. O'Regan B and Gratzel M, A low-cost, high efficiency solar cell based on dye-sensitized colloidal TiO2 films. Nature 353: 737-740 (1991).
16. Chen C, Wang M, Li J, Pootrakulchote N, Alibabaei L, Ngoc-le C, et al, Highly Efficient Light-Harvesting Ruthenium Sensitizer for Thin-Film Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. ACS Nano 3: 3103 (2009).
17. Gratzel M, Photovoltaic and photoelectrochemical conversion of solar energy. Philos Trans Royal Soc A 365: 993-1005 (2007).
18. Lee WJ, Ramasamy E, Lee DY and Song JS, Dye-sensitized solar cells: scale up and current-voltage characterization. Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 91: 1676-1680 (2007).
19. Vlachopoulos N, Liska P, Augustynski J and Gratzel M, Very efficient visible light energy harvesting and conversion by spectral sensitization of high surface area polycrystalline titanium dioxide films. J Am Chem Soc 110: 1216-1220 (1988).
20. Moser J, Notiz über verstärkung photoelektrischer ströme durch optische sensibilisirung. Monatsh Chem 8: 373 (1887).
21. Nazeeruddin MK, Kay A, Rodicio I, Humphry-Baker R, Muller E, Liska P, et al, Conversion of light to electricity by cis-X2bis (2, 2'-bipyridyl-4, 4'-dicarboxylate) ruthenium(II) charge-transfer sensitizers (X = Cl-, Br-, I-, CN-, and SCN-) on nanocrystalline titanium dioxide electrodes. J Am Chem Soc 115: 6382-6390 (1993).
22. 2-Based solar cells. J Am Chem Soc 123: 1613-1624 (2001).
23. Wang M, Chamberland N, Breau L, Moser EJ, Humphry-Baker R, Marsan B, et al, An organic redox electrolyte to rival triiodide/iodide in dye-sensitized solar cells. Nature Chem 2: 385-389 (2010).
24. Bach U, Lupo D, Comte P, Moser JE, Weissortel F, Salbeck J, et al, Solid-state dye-sensitized mesoporous TiO2 solar cells with high photon-to-electron conversion efficiencies. Nature 395: 583-585 (1998).
25. Tennakone K, Kumara GRRA, Kottegada IRM, Wijanthana KGU and Perera PS, A solid-state photovoltaic cell sensitized with a ruthenium bipyridyl complex. J Phys D: Appl Phys 31: 1492-1496 (1998).
26. Hagen J, Schaffrath W, Otschik P, Fink R, Bacher A, Schmidt HW, et al, Novel hybrid solar cells consisting of inorganic nanoparticles and an organic hole transport material. Synth Met 89: 215-220 (1997).
27. O'Regan B and Schwartz DT, Efficient photo-hole injection from adsorbed cyanine dyes into electrodeposited copper(I) thiocyanate thin films. Chem Mater 7: 1349-1354 (1995).
28. O'Regan B, Schwartz DT, Zakeeruddin SM and Gratzel M, Electrodeposited nanocomposite n-p heterojunctions for solid-state dye-sensitized photovoltaics. Adv Mater 12: 1263-1267 (2000).
29. Zaban A and Diamant Y, Electrochemical deposition of organic semiconductors on high surface area electrodes for solar cells. J Phys Chem B 104: 10043-10046 (2000).
30. Murakoshi K, Kogure R, Wada Y and Yanagida SS, Fabrication of solid-state dye-sensitized TiO2 solar cells combined with polypyrrole. Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 55: 113-125 (1998).
31. Somani PR and Radhakrishnan S, Effect of solid polymer electrolyte on the sensitization of photocurrents in solid-state electrochemical cells using conducting polypyrrole. J Solid State Electrochem 15: 75-79 (2004).
32. Shin WS, Kim SC, Lee SJ, Jeon HS, Kim MK, Naidu BVK, et al, Synthesis and photovoltaic properties of a low-band-gap polymer consisting of alternating thiophene and benzothiadiazole derivatives for bulk-heterojunction and dye-sensitized solar cells. J Polym Sci A Polym Chem 45: 1394-1402 (2007).
33. Snaith HJ, Moule AJ, Klein C, Meerholz K, Friend RH and Grätzel M, Efficiency enhancements in solid-state hybrid solar cells via reduced charge recombination and increased light capture. Nano Lett 7: 3372-3376 (2007).
34. Zhang X, Yang H, Xiong HM, Li FY and Xia YY, A quasi-solid-state dye-sensitized solar cell based on the stable polymer-grafted nanoparticle composite electrolyte. J Power Sources 160: 1451-1455 (2006).
35. Lu SL, Koeppe R, Gunes S and Sariciftci NS, Quasi-solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells with cyanoacrylate as electrolyte matrix. Sol Energy Mater Sol C 91: 1081-1086 (2007).
36. Lan Z, Wu J, Lin J and Huang M, Quasi-solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells with a novel efficient absorbent for liquid electrolyte based on PAA-PEG hybrid. J Power Sources 164: 921-925 (2007).
37. Galinski M, Lewandowski A and Stepniak I, Ionic liquids as electrolytes. Electrochim Acta 51: 5567-5580 (2006).
38. Johnson KE, What's an ionic liquid? Interface 16: 38-41 (2007).
39. Yamanaka N, Kawano R, Kubo W, Masaki N, Kitamura T, Wada Y, et al, Dye-sensitized TiO2 solar cells using imidazolium-type ionic liquid crystal systems as effective electrolytes. J Phys Chem B 111: 4763-4769 (2007).
40. Wang P, Zakeeruddin SM, Moser JE and Gratzel M, A new ionic liquid electrolyte enhances the conversion efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells. J Phys Chem B 107: 13280-13285 (2003).
41. Wang M, Xiao X, Zhou X, Li X and Lin Y, Investigation of PEO-imidazole ionic liquid oligomer electrolytes for dye-sensitized solar cells. Sol Energy Mater Sol C 91: 785-790 (2007).
42. Fabregat-Santiago F, Bisquert J, Palomares E, Otero L, Kuang D, Zakeeruddin SM, et al, J Phys Chem C 111: 6550 (2007).
43. Ikeda N and Miyasaka T, Plastic and solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells incorporating single-wall carbon nanotubes. Chem Lett 36: 466-469 (2007).
44. 2 coated carbon nanotubes. Thin Solid Films 515: 5131-5135 (2007).
45. 2 solar cells. Langmuir 20: 9807-9810 (2004).
46. Kongkanand A, Dominguez RM and Kamat PV, Single wall carbon nanotube scaffolds for photoelectrochemical solar cells. Capture and transport of photogenerated electrons. Nano Lett 7: 676-680 (2007).
47. Wang X, Zhi L and Mullen K, Transparent, conductive graphene electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells. Nano Lett 8: 323-327 (2008).
48. Bach U, Kruger J and Gratzel M, Organic photovoltaics. SPIE Proceedings San Diego, San Diego, CA, 4180: 1-7 (2000).
49. 2 solar cells. J Phys Chem B 101: 2576-2582 (1997).
50. 2-B nanowires. Adv Mater 17: 862-865 (2005).
51. Reddy MA, Kishore MS, Pralong V, Caignaert V, Varadaraju UV and Raveau B, Room temperature synthesis and Li insertion into nanocrystalline rutile TiO2. Electrochem Commun 8: 1299-1303 (2006).
52. Woodward PM, Complex perovskites: a chessboard at the nanoscale. Nature Mater 6: 549-551 (2007).
53. 2 electrodes. Appl Phys Lett 90: 103517-103519 (2007).
54. Enright B, Redmond G and Fitzmaurice D, Spectroscopic determination of flatband potentials for polycrystalline titania electrodes in nonaqueous solvents. J Phys Chem 97: 1426-1430 (1993).
55. Meulenkamp EA, Electron transport in nanoparticulate ZnO films. J Phys Chem B 103: 7831-7838 (1999).
56. Rensmo H, Keis K, Lindstrom H, Sodergren S, Solbrand A, Hagfeldt A, et al, High light-to-energy conversion efficiencies for solar cells based on nanostructured ZnO electrodes. J Phys Chem B 101: 2598-2561 (1997).
57. Tsubomura H, Matsumura M, Nomura Y and Amamiya T, Dye sensitised zinc oxide: aqueous electrolyte platinum photocell. Nature 261: 402 (1976).
58. Suh DI, Lee SY, Kim TH, Chun JM, Suh EK, Yang OB, et al, The fabrication and characterization of dye-sensitized solar cells with a branched structure of ZnO nanowires. Chem Phys Lett 442: 348-353 (2007).
59. Unalan HE, Wei D, Suzuki K, Dalal S, Hiralal P, Matsumoto H, et al, Photoelectrochemical cell using dye sensitized zinc oxide nanowires grown on carbon fibers. Appl Phys Lett 93: 133116-133118 (2008).
60. Wei D, Unalan HE, Han D, Zhang Q, Niu L, Ryhanen T, et al, A solid-state dye-sensitized solar cell based on a novel ionic liquid gel and ZnO nanoparticles on a flexible polymer substrate. Nanotechnology 19: 424006-424010 (2008).
61. Canham LT, Silicon quantum wire array fabrication by electrochemical and chemical dissolution of wafers. Appl Phys Lett 57: 1046-1050 (1990).
62. Kelly JJ and Vanmaekelbergh D, Electrochemisrty of Nanomaterials, ed. by Hodes G. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 103 (2001).
63. Kelly JJ and Vanmaekelbergh D, Charge carrier dynamics in nanoporous photoelectrodes. Electrochim Acta 43: 2773-2780 (1998).
64. Colvin VL, Goldstein AN and Alivisatos AP, Semiconductor nanocrystals covalently bound to metal surfaces with self-assembled monolayers. J Am Chem Soc 114: 5221-5230 (1992).
65. Drouard S, Hickey SG and Riley JD, CdS nanoparticle-modified electrodes for photoelectrochemical studies. Chem Commun 1: 67 (1999).
66. Hu K, Brust M and Bard AJ, Characterization and surface charge measurement of self-assembled CdS nanoparticle films. Chem Mater 10: 1160 (1998).
67. Miyake M, Matsumoto H, Nishizawa M, Sakata T, Mori H, Kuwabata S, et al, Characterization of covalently immobilized Q-CdS particles on Au(111) by scanning tunneling microscopy and tunneling spectroscopy with high reproducibility. Langmuir 13: 742-746 (1997).
68. Nakanishi T, Ohtani B and Uosaki K, Fabrication and characterization of CdS-Nanoparticle mono- and multilayers on a self-assembled monolayer of alkanedithiols on gold. J Phys Chem B 102: 1571-1577 (1998).
69. Ogawa S, Ran FF and Bard AJ, Scanning tunneling microscopy, tunneling spectroscopy, and photoelectrochemistry of a film of Q-CdS particles incorporated in a self-assembled monolayer on a gold surface. J Phys Chem B 99: 11182-11189 (1995).
70. Ogawa S, Hu K, Fan FRF and Bard AJ, Photoelectrochemistry of films of quantum size lead sulfide particles incorporated in self-assembled monolayers on gold. J Phys Chem B 101: 5707-5711 (1997).
71. Chen D, Wang G, Lu W, Zhang H and Li J, Photoelectrochemical study of organic-inorganic hybrid thin films via electrostatic layer-by-layer assembly. Electrochem Commun 9: 2151-2156 (2007).
72. Licht S, Hodes G, Tenne R and Manassen J, A light-variation insensitive high efficiency solar cell. Nature 326: 863-864 (1987).
73. Licht S, Wang B, Soga T and Umeno M, Light invariant, efficient, multiple band gap AlGaAs/Si/metal hydride solar cell. Appl Phys Lett 74: 4055-4057 (1999).
74. Sharon M, Veluchamy P, Natrajan C and Kumar CD, Solar rechargeable battery-principle and materials. Electrochim Acta 36: 1107-1126 (1991).
75. Wang B, Licht S and Umeno M, Stable cycling behavior of the light invariant AlGaAs/Si/metal hydride solar cell. Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 64: 311-320 (2000).