Childhood vitamin A capsule supplementation coverage in Nigeria: A multilevel analysis of geographic and socioeconomic inequities

TheScientificWorldJournal

Volumn 10, Issue , 2010, Pages 1901-1914

  Aremu, Olatunde ^a,b   Lawoko, Stephen ^a   Dalal, Koustuv ^a,c  

^a KAROLINSKA INSTITUTE   (Sweden)

^b UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN   (Nigeria)

^c LINKÖPING UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Childhood; Community; Coverage; Geographic variation; Inequity; Multilevel analysis; Neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage; Nigeria; Pediatric blindness; Preschool; Socioeconomic; Supplementation; Vitamin A capsule; Vitamin A deficiency

Indexed keywords

RETINOL; VITAMIN;

BLINDNESS; CHILD; CHILD HEALTH CARE; COMMUNITY; DIET SUPPLEMENTATION; DISEASE PREDISPOSITION; DRUG CAPSULE; FEMALE; HEALTH PROGRAM; HEALTH SURVEY; HOUSEHOLD; HUMAN; INFECTION; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; NIGERIA; OUTCOMES RESEARCH; PRESCHOOL CHILD; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; RETINOL DEFICIENCY; REVIEW; SOCIOECONOMICS; VARIANCE; VITAMIN DEFICIENCY; VITAMIN INTAKE; ARTICLE; CLINICAL TRIAL; FACTUAL DATABASE; GEOGRAPHY; HEALTH SERVICE; INFANT; MICROCAPSULE; MULTICENTER STUDY; MULTILEVEL ANALYSIS; STATISTICAL MODEL; STATISTICS;

CAPSULES; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; DATABASES, FACTUAL; DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS; FEMALE; GEOGRAPHY; HEALTH SERVICES NEEDS AND DEMAND; HEALTH SURVEYS; HUMANS; INFANT; LOGISTIC MODELS; MALE; MULTILEVEL ANALYSIS; NIGERIA; SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS; VITAMIN A; VITAMIN A DEFICIENCY; VITAMINS;

EID: 78349274386     PISSN: None     EISSN: 1537744X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1100/tsw.2010.188     Document Type: Review

References (60)

1. Global Prevalence of Vitamin A Deficiency in Populations at Risk 1995-2005: WHO Global Database on Vitamin A Deficiency. World Health Organization, Geneva.
2. Aguayo, V.M. and Baker, S.K. (2005) Vitamin A deficiency and child survival in sub-Saharan Africa: a reappraisal of challenges and opportunities. Food Nutr. Bull. 26, 348-355.
3. Gogate, P., Kalua, K., and Courtright, P. (2009) Blindness in childhood in developing countries: time for a reassessment? PLoS Med. 6, e1000177.
4. Gilbert, C. (2007) Changing challenges in the control of blindness in children. Eye 21, 1338-1343.
5. Vitamin A Supplementation: A Decade of Progress. UNICEF.
6. Herrera, M.G., Nestel, P., el Amin, A., Fawzi, W.W., Mohamed, K.A., and Weld, L. (1992) Vitamin A supplementation and child survival. Lancet 340, 267-271.
7. Vijayaraghavan, K., Radhaiah, G., Prakasam, B.S., Sarma, K.V., and Reddy, V. (1990) Effect of massive dose vitamin A on morbidity and mortality in Indian children. Lancet 336, 1342-1345.
8. Humphrey, J.H., Agoestina, T., Wu, L., Usman, A., Nurachim, M., Subardja, D., Hidayat, S., Tielsch, J., West, K.P., Jr., and Sommer, A. (1996) Impact of neonatal vitamin A supplementation on infant morbidity and mortality. J. Pediatr. 128, 489-496.
9. Villamor, E. and Fawzi, W.W. (2000) Vitamin A supplementation: implications for morbidity and mortality in children. J. Infect. Dis. 182(Suppl 1), S122-133.
10. Edejer, T.T., Aikins, M., Black, R., Wolfson, L., Hutubessy, R., and Evans, D.B. (2005) Cost effectiveness analysis of strategies for child health in developing countries. BMJ 331, 1177.
11. Semba, R.D., Ndugwa, C., Perry, R.T., Clark, T.D., Jackson, J.B., Melikian, G., Tielsch, J., and Mmiro, F. (2005) Effect of periodic vitamin A supplementation on mortality and morbidity of human immunodeficiency virus-infected children in Uganda: a controlled clinical trial. Nutrition 21, 25-31. (Pubitemid 40127562)
12. Shankar, A.H., Genton, B., Semba, R.D., Baisor, M., Paino, J., Tamja, S., Adiguma, T., Wu, L., Rare, L., Tielsch, J.M., Alpers, M.P., and West, K.P., Jr. (1999) Effect of vitamin A supplementation on morbidity due to Plasmodium falciparum in young children in Papua New Guinea: a randomised trial. Lancet 354, 203-209. (Pubitemid 29329159)
13. Maziya-Dixon, B.B., Akinyele, I.O., Sanusi, R.A., Oguntona, T.E., Nokoe, S.K., and Harris, E.W. (2006) Vitamin A deficiency is prevalent in children less than 5 y of age in Nigeria. J. Nutr. 136, 2255-2261. (Pubitemid 44156834)
14. Rabiu, M.M. and Kyari, F. (2002) Vitamin A deficiency in Nigeria. Niger. J. Med. 11, 6-8.
15. Uzoechina, O.N. and Okoro, B.A. (1994) Serum vitamin A levels of preschool children in a Nigerian rural community. Ann. Trop. Paediatr. 14, 157-161.
16. Adelekan, D.A., Fatusi, A.O., Fakunle, J.B., Olotu, C.T., Olukoga, I.A., Jinadu, M.K., and Ojofeitimi, E.O. (1997) Prevalence of malnutrition and vitamin A deficiency in Nigerian preschool children subsisting on high intakes of carotenes. Nutr. Health 12, 17-24.
17. Akinyinka, O.O., Usen, S.O., Akanni, A., Falade, A.G., Osinusi, K., Ajaiyeoba, I.A., and Akang, E.E. (2001) Vitamin A status of pre-school children in Ibadan (South West Nigeria), risk factors and comparison of methods of diagnosis. West Afr. J. Med. 20, 243-248.
18. Ajaiyeoba, A.I., Adeyefa, I.A., Adeyemo, D.O., and Omotade, Y.O. (2000) Xerophthalmia and vitamin A deficiency in Nigeria. Ann. Trop. Paediatr. 20, 165-166.
19. Ajaiyeoba, A.I. (2001) Vitamin A deficiency in Nigerian children. Afr. J. Biomed. Res. 4, 107-110.
20. Thomson, I.G. (1956) Eye disease and blindness in relation to vitamin A deficiency in Northern Nigeria. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 59, 155-161.
21. Goodman, T., Dalmiya, N., de Benoist, B., and Schultink, W. (2000) Polio as a platform: using national immunization days to deliver vitamin A supplements. Bull. World Health Org. 78, 305-314.
22. Semba, R.D., de Pee, S., Sun, K., Bloem, M.W., and Raju, V.K. (2008) Coverage of the national vitamin A supplementation program in Ethiopia. J. Trop. Pediatr. 54, 141-144.
23. Ayoya, M.A., Bendech, M.A., Baker, S.K., Ouattara, F., Diane, K.A., Mahy, L., Nichols, L., Toure, A., and Franco, C. (2007) Determinants of high vitamin A supplementation coverage among pre-school children in Mali: the National Nutrition Weeks experience. Public Health Nutr. 10, 1241-1246.
24. Aguayo, V.M., Baker, S.K., Crespin, X., Hamani, H., and MamadoulTaibou, A. (2005) Maintaining high vitamin A supplementation coverage in children: lessons from Niger. Food Nutr. Bull. 26, 26-31. (Pubitemid 40505300)
25. Grover, D.S., Pee, S., Sun, K., Raju, V.K., Bloem, M.W., and Semba, R.D. (2008) Vitamin A supplementation in Cambodia: program coverage and association with greater maternal formal education. Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr. 17, 446-450.
26. Semba, R.D., de Pee, S., Sun, K., Akhter, N., Bloem, M.W., and Raju, V.K. (2010) Coverage of vitamin A capsule programme in Bangladesh and risk factors associated with non-receipt of vitamin A. J. Health Popul. Nutr. 28, 143-148.
27. Semba, R.D., de Pee, S., Sun, K., Bloem, M.W., and Raju, V.K. (2010) The role of expanded coverage of the national vitamin A program in preventing morbidity and mortality among preschool children in India. J. Nutr. 140, 208S-212S.
28. Thapa, S. (2010) Nepal's vitamin A supplementation programme, 15 years on: Sustained growth in coverage and equity and children still missed. Glob. Public Health 5, 325-334.
29. Marinacci, C., Spadea, T., Biggeri, A., Demaria, M., Caiazzo, A., and Costa, G. (2004) The role of individual and contextual socioeconomic circumstances on mortality: analysis of time variations in a city of north west Italy. J. Epidemiol. Community Health 58, 199-207. (Pubitemid 38250866)
30. Bosma, H., van de Mheen, H.D., Borsboom, G.J., and Mackenbach, J.P. (2001) Neighborhood socioeconomic status and all-cause mortality. Am. J. Epidemiol. 153, 363-371. (Pubitemid 32144562)
31. Barros, F.C., Victora, C.G., Scherpbier, R., and Gwatkin, D. (2010) Socioeconomic inequities in the health and nutrition of children in low/middle income countries. Rev. Saude Publica 44, 1-16.
32. Houweling, T.A. and Kunst, A.E. (2010) Socio-economic inequalities in childhood mortality in low- and middleincome countries: a review of the international evidence. Br. Med. Bull. 93, 7-26.
33. Diez-Roux, A.V. (2000) Multilevel analysis in public health research. Annu. Rev. Public Health 21, 171-192. (Pubitemid 30480321)
34. National Population Commission (Nigeria), and ORCMacro (2009) Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey 2008. National Population Commission and ORC Macro, Calverton, MD.
35. Measuredhs. Demographic and Health Surveys. http://www.measuredhs.com/
36. Diez Roux, A.V. (2001) Investigating neighborhood and area effects on health. Am. J. Public Health 91, 1783-1789.
37. Snjjders, T. and Bosker, R. (1999) Multilevel Analysis. An Introduction to Basic and Advanced Multilevel Modeling. Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA.
38. Vyas, S. and Kumaranayake, L. (2006) Constructing socio-economic status indices: how to use principal components analysis. Health Policy Plan. 21, 459-468. (Pubitemid 44627319)
39. Wight, R.G., Cummings, J.R., Miller-Martinez, D., Karlamangla, A.S., Seeman, T.E., and Aneshensel, C.S. (2008) A multilevel analysis of urban neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage and health in late life. Soc. Sci. Med. 66, 862-872.
40. Beard, J.R., Cerda, M., Blaney, S., Ahern, J., Vlahov, D., and Galea, S. (2009) Neighborhood characteristics and change in depressive symptoms among older residents of New York City. Am. J. Public Health 99, 1308-1314.
41. Zunzunegui, M.V., Garcia de Yebenes, M.J., Forster, M., Aguilar Conesa, M.D., Rodriguez Laso, A., and Otero, A. (2004) Multilevel model applications to the analysis of longitudinal data. Rev. Esp. Salud Publica 78, 177-188.
42. Leyland, A.H. and Groenewegen, P.P. (2003) Multilevel modelling and public health policy. Scand. J. Public Health 31, 267-274.
43. Goldstein, H., Browne, W., and Rasbash, J. (2002) Multilevel modelling of medical data. Stat. Med. 21, 3291-3315.
44. Stephenson, R. and Tsui, A.O. (2003) Contextual influences on reproductive wellness in northern India. Am. J. Public Health 93, 1820-1829.
45. Moerbeek, M., van Breukelen, G.J., and Berger, M.P. (2003) A comparison between traditional methods and multilevel regression for the analysis of multicenter intervention studies. J. Clin. Epidemiol. 56, 341-350.
46. Merlo, J., Chaix, B., Yang, M., Lynch, J., and Rastam, L. (2005) A brief conceptual tutorial of multilevel analysis in social epidemiology: linking the statistical concept of clustering to the idea of contextual phenomenon. J. Epidemiol. Community Health 59, 443-449. (Pubitemid 40791027)
47. Ngnie-Teta, I., Kuate-Defo, B., and Receveur, O. (2009) Multilevel modelling of sociodemographic predictors of various levels of anaemia among women in Mali. Public Health Nutr. 12, 1462-1469.
48. Merlo, J., Yang, M., Chaix, B., Lynch, J., and Rastam, L. (2005) A brief conceptual tutorial on multilevel analysis in social epidemiology: investigating contextual phenomena in different groups of people. J. Epidemiol. Community Health 59, 729-736. (Pubitemid 41176187)
49. Sophia, R.-H. and Anders, S. (2008) Multilevel and Longitudinal Modeling Using Stata. Stata Press, College Station, TX. p. 562.
50. Choi, Y., Bishai, D., and Hill, K. (2005) Socioeconomic differentials in supplementation of vitamin A: evidence from the Philippines. J. Health Popul. Nutr. 23, 156-164.
51. Karim, F., Rafi, M., and Begum, S.A. (2005) Inequitable access to immunization and vitamin A capsule services: a case of ethnic minorities in three hill districts of Bangladesh. Public Health 119, 743-746.
52. Masanja, H., Schellenberg, J.A., Mshinda, H.M., Shekar, M., Mugyabuso, J.K., Ndossi, G.D., and de Savigny, D. (2006) Vitamin A supplementation in Tanzania: the impact of a change in programmatic delivery strategy on coverage. BMC Health Serv. Res. 6, 142.
53. Gage, A.J., Sommerfelt, A.E., and Piani, A.L. (1997) Household structure and childhood immunization in Niger and Nigeria. Demography 34, 295-309.
54. Babalola, S. (2009) Determinants of the uptake of the full dose of diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus vaccines (DPT3) in Northern Nigeria: a multilevel analysis. Matern. Child Health J. 13, 550-558.
55. Steele, F., Diamond, I., and Amin, S. (1996) Immunization uptake in rural Bangladesh: a multilevel analysis. J. R. Statist. Soc. Ser. A 159, 289-299. (Pubitemid 126399346)
56. Streatfield, K., Singarimbun, M., and Diamond, I. (1990) Maternal education and child immunization. Demography 27, 447-455.
57. Bendech, M.A., Cusack, G., Konate, F., Toure, A., Ba, M., and Baker, S.K. (2007) National vitamin A supplementation coverage survey among 6-59 months old children in Guinea (West Africa). J. Trop. Pediatr. 53, 190-196.
58. Filmer, D. and Pritchett, L.H. (2001) Estimating wealth effects without expenditure data - or tears: an application to educational enrollments in states of India. Demography 38, 115-132.
59. Pickett, K.E. and Pearl, M. (2001) Multilevel analyses of neighbourhood socioeconomic context and health outcomes: a critical review. J. Epidemiol. Community Health 55, 111-122.
60. Victora, C.G., Fenn, B., Bryce, J., and Kirkwood, B.R. (2005) Co-coverage of preventive interventions and implications for child-survival strategies: evidence from national surveys. Lancet 366, 1460-1466.