Undifferentiated spondyloarthritis: Recent clinical and therapeutic advances

Current Rheumatology Reports

Volumn 12, Issue 5, 2010, Pages 311-317

  Cruzat, Vanesa ^a   Cuchacovich, Raquel ^a   Espinoza, Luis R ^a  

^a LOUISIANA STATE UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Ankylosing spondylitis; Biologic therapy; Spondyloarthritis

Indexed keywords

ADALIMUMAB; ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; CELECOXIB; CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR CXCR4; DISEASE MODIFYING ANTIRHEUMATIC DRUG; ETANERCEPT; GAMMA INTERFERON; HLA B27 ANTIGEN; INFLIXIMAB; INTEGRIN; INTERLEUKIN 17; INTERLEUKIN 1BETA; INTERLEUKIN 6; INTERLEUKIN 8; KETOPROFEN; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; PLACEBO; PROSTAGLANDIN SYNTHASE INHIBITOR; RGS PROTEIN; SALAZOSULFAPYRIDINE; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA; TRIAMCINOLONE ACETATE; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA INHIBITOR;

AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; BACKACHE; CHLAMYDIAL PNEUMONIA; CHLAMYDIASIS; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONJUNCTIVITIS; CROHN DISEASE; ENTERITIS; HEART ARRHYTHMIA; HUMAN; IRITIS; NERVE CONDUCTION DISORDER; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; ONSET AGE; PATHOGENESIS; PROSTATITIS; PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS; REACTIVE ARTHRITIS; REVIEW; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; SACROILIITIS; SPONDYLOARTHROPATHY; TH1 CELL; TH17 CELL; UNDIFFERENTIATED SPONDYLOARTHRITIS; UNSPECIFIED SIDE EFFECT; URETHRITIS; UTERINE CERVICITIS;

ADRENAL CORTEX HORMONES; ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS; ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS, NON-STEROIDAL; ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS; BACK PAIN; CYCLOOXYGENASE 2; CYCLOOXYGENASE INHIBITORS; HLA-B27 ANTIGEN; HUMANS; RHEUMATIC DISEASES; SPONDYLITIS, ANKYLOSING;

EID: 78149470285     PISSN: 15233774     EISSN: 15346307     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11926-010-0115-0     Document Type: Review

References (47)

1. Khan MA, van der Linden SM: A wider spectrum of spondyloarthropathies. Semin Arthritis Rheum 1990, 20:107-113 2.
2. Amor B, Dougados M, Mijiyawa M: Criteria of the classification of spondyloarthropathies. Rev Rhum Mal Osteoartic 1990, 57:85-89.
3. Dougados M, van der Linden S, Juhlin R, et al.: The European Spondyloarthropathy Study Group preliminary criteria for the classification of spondyloarthropathy. Arthritis Rheum 1991, 34:1218-1227.
4. • Khan MA: HLA and spondyloarthropathies. In The HLA Complex in Biology and Medicine. Edited by Mehra N. New Dehli, India: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers; 2010:422-446. This is a recent comprehensive review of the heterogeneity of HLA-B27 and the structural differences of the various subtypes.
5. Khan MA, Ball EJ: Genetic aspects of ankylosing spondylitis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2002, 16:675-696.
6. Taurog JD: The mystery of HLA-B27: if it isn't one thing, it's another. Arthritis Rheum 2007, 56:2478-2481.
7. Fiorillo MT, Cauli A, Carcassi C, et al.: Two distinctive HLA haplotypes harbor the B27 alleles negatively or positively associated with ankylosing spondylitis in Sardinia: implications for disease pathogenesis. Arthritis Rheum 2003, 48:1385-1389.
8. • Sampaio-Barros PD, Conde RA, Donadi EA, et al.: Frequency of HLA-B27 and its alleles in patients with Reiter syndrome: comparison with the frequency in other spondyloarthropathies and a healthy control population. Rheumatol Int 2008, 28:483-486. This was the first detailed study to describe HLA-B27 antigen distribution in Latin American patients with SpA.
9. Olivieri I, D'Angelo S, Scarano E, et al.: The HLA-B*2709 subtype in a woman with early ankylosing spondylitis. Arthritis Rheum 2007, 56:2805-2807.
10. Breban M, Micelli-Richard C, Zinovieva E, et al.: The genetics of spondyloarthropathies. Joint Bone Spine 2006, 73:355-362.
11. Singh R, Agarwal A, Misra R: Th1/Th17 cytokine profiles in patients with reactive arthritis/undifferentiated spondyloarthropathy. J Rheumatol 2007, 34:2285-2290.
12. Gu J, Wei Y, Huang F, et al.: Identification of RGS1 as a candidate biomarker for undifferentiated spondyloarthritis by genome-wide expression profiling and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Arthritis Rheum 2009, 60:3269-3279.
13. Csango PA, Upsahl MT, Romberg O, et al.: Chlamydia trachomatis serology in ankylosing spondylitis. Clin Rheumatol 1987, 6:384-390.
14. Kihlstrom E, Gronberg A, Bengtsson A: Immunoblot analysis of antibody response to Chlamydia trachomatis in patients with reactive arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. Scand J Rheumatol 1989, 18:377-383.
15. Silveira LH, Gutierrez F, Scopelitis E, et al.: Chlamydia-induced arthritis. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 1993, 19:351-363.
16. Savolainen E, Kettunen A, Narvanen A, et al.: Prevalence of antibodies against Chlamydia trachomatis and incidence of C trachomatis-induced reactive arthritis in an early arthritis series in Finland in 2000. Scand J Rheumatol 2009, 38:353-356.
17. •• Carter JD, Gerard H, Espinoza LR, et al.: Chlamydia as etiologic agents in chronic undifferentiated spondyloarthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2009 60 1311-1316. This pivotal study identified Chlamydia organisms in the synovial membrane in the majority of patients with uSpA.
18. Khan MA, van der Linden S, Kushner I, et al.: Spondylitic disease without radiologic evidence of sacroiliitis in relatives of HLA-B27 positive ankylosing spondylitis patients. Arthritis Rheum 1985, 28:40-43.
19. Mau W, Zeidler H, Mau R, et al.: Outcome of possible ankylosing spondylitis in a 10 years' follow-up study. Clin Rheumatol 1987, 6(Suppl 2):60-66.
20. Mau W, Zeidler H, Mau R, et al.: Clinical features and prognosis of patients with possible ankylosing spondylitis. Results of a 10- year follow-up. J Rheumatol 1988, 7:1109-1114.
21. Khan MA: Newer clinical and radiographic manifestations of the seronegative spondyloarthropathies. Curr Opin Rheumatol 1989, 1:139-143.
22. Khan MA, van der Linden SM: Undifferentiated spondyloarthropathies. Spine (Phila Pa 1986) 1990, 4:657-664.
23. Uppal SS, Chowdhury RI, Kumari R, et al.: Ankylosing spondylitis and undifferentiated spondyloarthritis in Kuwait: a comparison between Arabs and South Asians. Clin Rheumatol 2006, 25:219-224.
24. Liao HT, Chen HA, Chen CH, et al.: Undifferentiated spondyloarthropathy in Chinese patients. Arch Med Res 2006, 37:384-387.
25. Chou CT, Lin KC, Wei JC, et al.: Study of undifferentiated spondyloarthropathy among first-degree relatives of ankylosing spondylitis probands. Rheumatology 2005, 44:662-665.
26. Prutki M, Tambic Bukovac L, Jelusic M, et al.: Retrospective study of juvenile spondyloarthropathies in Croatia over the last 11 years. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2008, 26:693-699.
27. Liao Z, Gu J, Huang F, et al.: Verification of Berlin algorithm for diagnosing undifferentiated spondyloarthropathy patients in Chinese population. Joint Bone Spine 2009, 76:146-149.
28. Rudwaleit M, Landewe R, van der Haijde D, et al.: The development of Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society classification criteria for axial spondyloarthritis (part I): classification of paper patients by expert opinion including uncertainty appraisal. Ann Rheum Dis 2009, 68:770-776.
29. Rudaleit M, Landewe R, van der Heijde D, et al. The development of Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society classification criteria for axial spondyloarthritis (part II): validation and final selection. Ann Rheum Dis 2009, 68:777-783.
30. • Rudwaleit M, Haibel H, Baraliakos X, et al.: The early disease stage in axial spondyloarthritis. Results from the German Spondyloarthritis Inception Cohort (GESIC). Arthritis Rheum 2009, 60:717-727. This is an important study demonstrating that early nonradiographic axial SpA (uSpA) and early AS are part of the same disease process.
31. Palazzi C, Padula A, Montaruli M, et al.: Pharmacological management of undifferentiated spondyloarthropathies. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2006, 15:39-46.
32. Liu XH, Kirschenbaum A, Weinstein B, et al.: Prostaglandin E2 modulates components of the Wnt signaling system in bone and prostate cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010, 394:715-720.
33. Wanders A, van der Heijde D, Landewe D, et al.: Inhibition of radiographic progression in ankylosing spondylitis by continuous use of NSAIDs. Arthritis Rheum 2005, 52:1756-1765.
34. Braun J, Baraliakos X, Godolias G, Bohm H: Therapy of ankylosing spondylitis-a review. Part I: conventional medical treatment and surgical therapy. Scand J Rheumatol 2005, 34:97-108.
35. Sadreddini S, Noshad H, Molaeefard M, et al.: Unguided sacroiliac injection: effect on refractory buttock pain in patients with spondyloarthropathies. Presse Med 2009, 38:710-716.
36. Carter JD, Valeriano J, Vasey FB, et al.: Doxycycline versus doxycycline and rifampin in undifferentiated spondyloarthropathy with special reference to Chlamydia-induced arthritis. A prospective randomized 9-month comparison. J Rheumatol 2004, 31:1973-1980.
37. •• Carter JD, Espinoza LR, Inman RD, et al.: Combination antibiotics as treatment for chronic Chlamydia-induced reactive arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2010, 62:1298-1307. This was a pivotal study demonstrating the efficacy of combination antibiotic therapy for the treatment of ReA.
38. Kabasakal Y, Kitapcioglu G, Yargucu F, et al.: Efficacy of SLZ and MTX (alone or combination) on the treatment of active sacroiliitis in early AS. Rheumatol Int 2009, 29:1523-1527.
39. Braun J, Zochling J, Baraliakos X, et al.: Efficacy of sulfasalazine in patients with inflammatory back pain due to undifferentiated spondyloarthritis and early ankylosing spondyloarthritis: a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Ann Rheum Dis 2006, 65:1147-1153.
40. Flagg S, Meador R, Hsia E, et al.: Decreased pain and synovial inflammation after etanercept therapy in patients with reactive and undifferentiated arthritis: an open trial. Arthritis Rheum 2005, 53:613-617.
41. Rudwaleit M, Baraliakos X, Listing J, et al.: Magnetic resonance imaging of the spine and the sacroiliac joints in ankylosing spondylitis and undifferentiated spondyloarthritis during treatment with etanercept. Ann Rheum Dis 2005, 64:1305-1310.
42. Delaunay C, Farrenq V, Marini-Portugal A, et al.: Infliximab to etanercept switch in patients with spondyloarthropathies and psoriatic arthritis: preliminary data. J Rheumatol 2005, 32:2183-2185.
43. Brandt J, Khariouzov A, Listing J, et al.: Successful short term treatment of patients with severe undifferentiated spondyloarthritis with the anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha fusion receptor protein etanercept. J Rheumatol 2004, 31:531-538.
44. Van den Bosch P, Kruithof E, Baeten D, et al.: Effects of a loading dose regimen of three infusions of chimeric monoclonal antibody to tumor necrosis factor alpha (infliximab) in spondyloarthropathy: an open pilot study. Ann Rheum Dis 2000, 59:428-433.
45. Brandt J, Haibel H, Reddig J, et al.: Successful short term treatment of severe undifferentiated spondyloarthropathy with the anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha monoclonal antibody infliximab. J Rheumatol 2002, 29:118-122.
46. Barkham N, Keen HI, Coates L, et al.: Clinical and imaging efficacy of infliximab in HLA-B27-positive patients with magnetic resonance imaging-determined early sacroiliitis. Arthritis Rheum 2009, 60:946-954.
47. Haibel H, Rudwaleit M, Listing J, et al.: Efficacy of adalimumab in the treatment of axial spondyloarthritis without radiographically defined sacroiliitis: results of a twelve week randomized , doubleblind, placebo-controlled trial followed by an open-label extension up to week fifty-two. Arthritis Rheum 2008, 58:1981-1991.