The 1997-98 Umbria-Marche earthquake sequence: " Geological" vs. "seismological" faults

Tectonophysics

Volumn 476, Issue 1-2, 2009, Pages 170-179

  Barchi, Massimiliano R ^a   Mirabella, Francesco ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PERUGIA   (Italy)

Author keywords

Extensional earthquakes; Listric faults; Quaternary faults; Seismic profiles; Umbria Marche Apennines

Indexed keywords

BOREHOLES; EARTHQUAKES; FAULT SLIPS; GEOLOGY; GEOPHYSICS; SEISMIC WAVES; SEISMOLOGY; STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY;

APENNINES; EARTHQUAKE SEQUENCES; INTEGRATED MODELING; LISTRIC FAULT; SEISMIC PROFILES; SEISMIC REFLECTION PROFILES; SEISMOGENIC LAYERS; SEISMOLOGICAL DATA;

FAULTING;

BASEMENT ROCK; DATA ACQUISITION; DATA SET; EARTHQUAKE EVENT; EARTHQUAKE RUPTURE; EXTENSIONAL TECTONICS; NORMAL FAULT; SEISMIC REFLECTION; SEISMICITY; SEISMOLOGY;

APENNINES; ITALY;

EID: 78149466625     PISSN: 00401951     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.tecto.2008.09.013     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Anderson, H., Jackson, J., 1987. Active tectonics of the Adriatic region. Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society 9, 937-983.
2. Bally, A., Burbi, L., Cooper, C., Ghelardoni, R., 1986. Balanced sections and seismic reflection profiles across the Central Apennines. Memorie della Societá Geologica Italiana 35, 257-310.
3. Barba, S., Basili, R., 2000. Analysis of seismological and geological observations for moderate-size earthquakes: the Colfiorito fault system (Central Apennines, Italy). Geophysical Journal International 141, 241-252.
4. Barchi, M., 2002. Lithological and structural controls on the seismogenesis of the Umbria region: observations from seismic reflection profiles. Bollettino della Societá Geologica Italiana 1, 855-864.
5. Barchi, M., Magnani, M.B., Minelli, G., Pialli, G., Ponziani, F., Sotera, B.M., 1995. Osservazioni geofisiche sul basamento della regione umbro-marchigiana. Atti del 12° Convegno del Gruppo Nazionale di Geofisica della Terra Solida, pp. 709-720.
6. Barchi, M., De Feyter, A., Magnani, M., Minelli, G., Pialli, G., Sotera, B., 1998. Extensional tectonics in the Northern Apennines (Italy): evidence from the CROP03 deep seismic reflection line. Memorie della Societá Geologica Italiana 52, 528-538.
7. Basili, R., Bosi, V., Galadini, F., Galli, P., Meghraoui, M., Messina, P., Moro, M., Sposato, A., 1998. The colfiorito earthquake sequence of September-October 1997: surface breaks and seismotectonic implications for the central Apennines (Italy). Journal of Earthquake Engineering 2, 291-302.
8. Boncio, P., Lavecchia, G., 2000. A geological model for the Colfiorito earthquakes (September-October 1997, central Italy). Journal. of Seismology 4, 345-356 Special Issue.
9. Boncio, P., Brozzetti, F., Ponziani, F., Barchi, M.R., Lavecchia, G., Pialli, G., 1998. Seismicity and extensional tectonics in the Northern Umbria-Marche Apennines. Memorie della Società Geologica Italiana 52, 539-555.
10. Boncio, P., Brozzetti, F., Lavecchia, G., 2000. Architecture and seismotectonics of a regional low-angle normal fault zone in central Italy. Tectonics 19, 1038-1055.
11. Borre, K., Cacon, S., Cello, G., Kontny, B., Kostak, B., Likke Andersen, H., Moratti, G., Piccardi, L., Stemberk, J., Tondi, E., Vilimek, V., 2003. The COST project in Italy: analysis and monitoring of seismogenic faults in the Gargano and Norcia areas (central-southern Apennines, Italy. Journal of Geodynamics 36, 3-18.
12. Calamita, F., Coltorti, M., Piccinini, D., Pierantoni, P., Pizzi, A., Ripepe, M., Scisciani, V., Turco, E., 2000. Quaternary faults and seismicity in the Umbro-Marchean Apennines (Central Italy): evidence from the 1997 Colfiorito earthquake. Journal of Geodynamics 29, 245-264.
13. Cello, G., Deiana, G., Mangano, P., Mazzoli, S., Tondi, E., Ferreli, L., Maschio, L., Michetti, A., Serva, L., Vittori, E., 1998. Evidence for surface faulting during the September 26, 1997 colfiorito (Central Italy) earthquakes. Journal of Earthquake Engineering 2, 1-22.
14. Centamore, E., Deiana, G., Micarelli, A., Potetti, M., 1986. Il Trias-Paleogene delle Marche. Studi Geologici Camerti 1986, 9-27.
15. Chiarabba, C., Amato, A., 2003. Vp and Vp/Vs images in the Mw 6.0 Colfiorito fault region (central Italy): a contribution to understand seismotectonic and seismogenic processes. Journal of Geophysical Research 108 No. B5 10.1029/2001JB001665.
16. Chiaraluce, L., Ellsworth,W.L., Chiarabba, C., Cocco, M., 2003. Imaging the complexity of an active normal fault system: the 1997 Colfiorito (Central Italy) case study. Journal of Geophysical Research 108 No. B6, 2294, 10.1029/2002JB002166.
17. Chiaraluce, L., Amato, A., Chiarabba, C., Selvaggi, G., Di Bona, M., Piccinini, D., Deschamps, A., Margheriti, L., Courboulex, F., Ripepe, M., 2004. Complex normal faulting in the Apennines thrust-and-fold belt: the 1997 seismic sequence in central Italy. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 94 (1), 99-116.
18. Chiaraluce, L., Barchi, M.R., Collettini, C., Mirabella, F., Pucci, S., 2005. Connecting seismically active normal faults with Quaternary geological structures in a complex extensional environment: the Colfiorito 1997 case history (Northern Apennines, Italy). Tectonics. doi:10.1029/2004TC001627 (0278-7407), TC1002, 24.
19. Chiaraluce, L., Chiarabba, C., Collettini, C., Piccinini, D., Cocco, M., 2007. Architecture and mechanics of an active low angle normal fault: the Alto Tiberina fault (northern Apennines, Italy) case study. Journal of Geophysical Research 112. doi:10.1029/ 2007JB005471:B12399.
20. Ciaccio, M.G., Barchi, M.R., Mirabella, F., Chiarabba, C., 2005. Seismological, geological and geophysical constraints for the Gualdo Tadino fault, Umbria-Marche Apennines (Central Italy). Tectonophysics 406, 233-247 (0040-1951).
21. Ciaccio, M., Pondrelli, S., Frepoli, A., 2006. Earthquake fault-plane solutions and patterns of seismicity within the Umbria Region, Italy. Annals of Geophysics 49 (4/5), 987-1002.
22. Cinti, F.R.L., Marra, F., Montone, P.P., 1999. The 1997 Umbria-Marche (Italy) earthquake sequence: relationship between ground deformation and seismogenic structure. Geophysical Research Letters 26, 895-898.
23. Collettini, C., Barchi, M.R., 2002. A low angle normal fault in the Umbria region (Central Italy): a mechanical model for the related microseismicity. Tectonophysics 359, 97-115 (0040-1951).
24. Collettini, C., Sibson, R., 2001. Normal faults, normal friction? Geology 29 (10), 927-930.
25. Collettini, C., Chiaraluce, L., Pucci, S., Barchi, M., Cocco, M., 2005. Looking at fault reactivation matching structural geology and seismological data. Journal of Structural Geology 27, 937-942.
26. Cresta, S., Monechi, S., Parisi, G., 1989. Stratigrafia del mesozoico e cenozoico nell'area umbro-marchigiana. itinerari geologici sull'Appennino umbro-marchigiano (Italia). Memorie Descrittive della Carta Geologica d'Italia 39, 1-182.
27. D'Agostino, N., Mantenuto, S., D'Anastasio, E., Avallone, A., Barchi, M., Collettini, C., Radicioni, F., Stoppini, A., Fastellini, G., 2009. Contemporary crustal extension in the Umbria-Marche Apennines from regional CGPS networks and comparison between geodetic and seismic deformation. Tectonophysics 476, 3-12 (this issue).
28. De Paola, N., Collettini, C., Faulkner, D.R., Trippetta, F., 2008. Fault zone architecture and deformation processeswithin evaporitic rocks in the upper crust. Tectonics 27, TC4017. doi:10.1029/2007TC002230.
29. Di Giulio, G., Rovelli, A., Cara, F., Azzara, R., Marra, F., Basili, R., Caserta, A., 2003. Longduration asynchronous ground motions in the Colfiorito plain, central Italy, observed on a two-dimensional dense array. Journal of Geophysical Research 108 (B10), 2486. doi:10.1029/2002JB002367.
30. Galadini, F., Galli, P., 2003. Paleoseismology of silent faults in the Central Apennines (Italy): the t. Vettore and Laga Mts. faults. Annals of Geophysics 46 (5), 815-835.
31. Galli, P., Galadini, F., Calzoni, F., 2005. Surface faulting in Norcia (central Italy): a paleoseismological perspective. Tectonophysics 403, 117-130.
32. Hunstad, I., Selvaggi, G., D'Agostino, N., England, P., Clarke, P., Pierozzi, M.M., 2003. Geodetic strain in peninsular Italy between 1875 and 2001. Geophysical Research Letters 30 (4).
33. Jackson, J., White, N., 1989. Normal faulting in the upper continental crust: observations from regions of active extension. Journal of Structural Geology 11 (1/2), 15-36.
34. Jackson, J.A., Gagnepain, J., Houseman, G., King, G.C.P., Papadimitriou, P., Soufleris, C., Virieux, J., 1982. Seismicity, normal faulting, and the geomorphological development of the Gulf of Corinth (Greece): the Corinth earthquake of February and March 1981. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 57, 377-397.
35. Lavecchia, G., Brozzetti, F., Barchi, M.R., Menichetti, M., Keller, J.V.A., 1994. Seismotectonic zoning in east-central Italy deduced from analysis of the Neogene to present deformations and related stress fields. Geological Society of America Bulletin 106, 1107-1120.
36. Marone, C., Scholz, C., 1988. The depth of seismic faulting and the upper transition from stable to unstable slip regimes. Geophysical Research Letters 15, 621-624.
37. Meghraoui, M., Bosi, V., Camelbeeck, T.T., 1999. Fault fragment control in the 1997 Umbria-Marche, central Italy, earthquake sequence. Geophysical Research Letters 26, 1069-1072.
38. Menichetti, M., Minelli, G., 1991. Extensional tectonics and seismogenesis in Umbria (Central Italy): the Gubbio Area. Bollettino della Societá Geologica Italiana 110, 857-880.
39. Messina, P., Galadini, F., Galli, P., Sposato, A., 1999. Quaternary basin evolution and present tectonic regime in the area of the 1997-98 Umbria-Marche seismic sequence (central Italy). Geomorphology 42, 97-116.
40. Messina, P., Galadini, F., Galli, P., Sposato, A., 2002. Quaternary basin evolution and present tectonic regime in the area of the 1997-1998 Umbria-Marche seismic sequence (central Italy.). Geomorphology 42, 97-116.
41. Miller, S.A., Collettini, C., Chiaraluce, L., Cocco, M., Barchi, M.R., Kaus, B.J., 2004. Aftershocks driven by a high-pressure CO2 source at depth. Nature 427, 724-727 (0028-0836), February 19, 2004.
42. Mirabella, F., Boccali, V., Barchi, M.R., 2005. Displacement profiles along the active fault system of Colfiorito (Central Italy). In: Gapais, D., Brun, J.P., Cobbold, P.R. (Eds.), Deformation Mechanisms, Rheology and Tectonics: from Minerals to the Lithosphere, 243. Geological Society, London, pp. 25-36. Special Publications.
43. Mirabella, F., Ciaccio, M.G., Barchi, M.R., Merlini, S., 2004. The Gubbio normal fault (Central Italy): geometry, displacement distribution and tectonic evolution. Journal of Structural Geology 26, 2233-2249 (0191-8141).
44. Mirabella, F., Barchi, M., Lupattelli, A., Stucchi, E., Ciaccio, M., 2008. Insights on the seismogenic layer thickness from the upper crust structure of the Umbria-Marche Apennines (Central Italy). Tectonics 27. doi:10.1029/2007TC002134 TC1010.
45. Montone, P., Amato, A., Pondrelli, S., 1999. Active stress map of Italy. Journal of Geophysical Research 104, 25595-25610.
46. Montone, P., Mariucci, M., Pondrelli, S., Amato, A., 2004. An improved stress map for Italy and surrounding regions (central Mediterranean). Journal of Geophysical Research 109 (B10410). doi:10.1029/2003JB002703.
47. Papanikolaou, I., Roberts, G.P., Michetti, A.M., 2005. Fault scarps and deformation rates in Lazio-Abruzzo, Central Italy: comparison between geological fault slip-rate and GPS data. Tectonophysics 408 (1-4), 147-176.
48. Pialli, G., Barchi, M.R., Minelli, G., 1998. Results of the CROP03 deep seismic reflection profile. Memorie della Società Geologica Italiana 52 657 pp.
49. Piccinini, D., Cattaneo, M., Chiarabba, C., Chiaraluce, L., De Martin, M., Di Bona, M., Moretti, M., Selvaggi, G., Augliera, P., Spallarossa, D., Ferretti, G., Michelini, A., Govoni, A., Di Bartolomeo, P., Romanelli, M., Fabbri, J., 2003. A microseismic study in a low seismicity area of Italy: the Cittá di Castello 2000-2001 experiment. Annals of Geophysics 46 (6), 1315-1324.
50. Pondrelli, S., Salimbeni, S., Ekstroem, G., Morelli, A., Gasperini, P., Vannucci, G., 2006. The Italian CMT dataset from 1977 to the present. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 159 (3-4), 286-303.
51. Pucci, S., De Martini, P., Pantosti, D., Valensise, G., 2003. Geomorphology of the Gubbio basin (Central Italy): understanding the active tectonics and earthquake potential. Annals of Geophysics 46 (5), 837-864.
52. Regione Marche, 2002. Cartografia geologica e geotematica della regione marche alla scala 1:10000. Regione Marche, Italy.
53. Regione Umbria, 2002. Rilevamento geologico e geotematico delle aree terremotate. Perugia, Italy.
54. Roberts, G., Michetti, A., Cowie, P., Morewood, N., Papanikoloau, I., 2002. Fault slip-rate variations during crustal-scale strain localisation, central Italy. Geophysical Research Letters 29 (8). doi:10.1029/2001GL013529.
55. Salvi, S., Stramondo, S., Cocco, M., Tesauro, M., Hunstad, I., Anzidei, M., Briole, P., Baldi, P., Sansosti, E., Fornaro, G., Lanari, R., Doumaz, F., Pesci, A., Galvani, A., 2000. Modeling coseismic displacements resulting from SAR interferometry and GPS measurements during the 1997 Umbria-Marche seismic sequence. Journal of Seismology 4 (4), 479-499.
56. Scholz, C.H., 1990. The Mechanics of Earthquakes and Faulting, Second Ed. Cambridge University Press.
57. Scholz, C., Wyss, M., Smith, S., 1969. Seismic and aseismic slip on the San Andreas Fault. Journal of Geophysical Research 74, 2049-2069.
58. Stucchi, E., Mirabella, F., Ciaccio, M., 2006. Comparison between reprocessed seismic profiles seismologic and geologic data: a case study of the Colfiorito earthquake area. Geophysics 71 (2), B29-B40.
59. Valensise, G., Pantosti, D., 2001. Database of Potential Sources for Earthquakes Larger than M 5.5 in Italy. Annali di Geofisica 44 (Suppl. 4). Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Roma (Italy).
60. Vittori, E., Deiana, G., Esposito, E., Ferreli, L., Marchegiani, L., Mastrolorenzo, G., Michetti, A., Porfido, S., Serva, L., Simonelli, A., Tondi, E., 2000. Ground effects and surface faulting in the September-October 1997 Umbria-Marche (central Italy) seismic sequence. Journal of Geodynamics 29, 535-564.
61. Westaway, R., Jackson, J., 1987. The earthquake of the 1980 November 23 in Campania- Basilicata (southern Italy). Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society 90, 375-443.