Vision and driving

Vision Research

Volumn 50, Issue 23, 2010, Pages 2348-2361

  Owsley, Cynthia ^a   McGwin, Gerald ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM   (United States)

Author keywords

Driving; Vision; Vision impairment

Indexed keywords

ATTENTION DISTURBANCE; COLOR VISION; CONTRAST SENSITIVITY; DRIVER LICENCE; DRIVING ABILITY; EYE EXAMINATION; EYE MOVEMENT; HEALTH CARE POLICY; HUMAN; MONOCULAR VISION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; TRAFFIC SAFETY; VISION; VISION TEST; VISUAL ACUITY; VISUAL ADAPTATION; VISUAL DISCRIMINATION; VISUAL FIELD; VISUAL IMPAIRMENT;

ATTENTION; AUTOMOBILE DRIVING; HUMANS; LICENSURE; MASS SCREENING; VISION DISORDERS; VISUAL PERCEPTION;

EID: 78149380553     PISSN: 00426989     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2010.05.021     Document Type: Review

References (223)

1. AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety. Driver-Zed 3.0: Manage the risks, Master the Road, Washington, DC.
2. Adler G., Bauer M.J., Rottunda S., Kuskowski M. Driving habits and patterns in older men with glaucoma. Social Work in Health Care 2005, 40:75-87.
3. Alexander J., Barham P., Balck I. Factors influencing the probability of an incident at a junction: Results from an interactive driving simulator. Accident Analysis & Prevention 2002, 34:779-792.
4. Allen P.A., Weber T.A., Madden D.J. Adult age differences in attention: Filtering or selection?. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences 1994, 49(5):P213-P222.
5. American Association of Motor Vehicle Administrators (2006). State vision requirements for license to drive. April 13, 2006, Arlington, VA.
6. American Medical Association Physician's guide to assessing and counseling older drivers 2003, American Medical Association, Chciago, IL.
7. Amick M.M., Grace J., Ott B.R. Visual and cognitive predictors of driving safety in Parkinson's disease patients. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 2007, 22:957-967.
8. Anderson S.J., Holliday I.E. Night driving: effects of glare from vehicle headlights on motion perception. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics 1995, 15:545-551.
9. Arthur A.J., Bell S.T., Edwards B.D., Day E.A., Tubre T.C., Tubre A.H. Convergence of self-report and archival crash involvement data: A two-year longitudinal follow-up. Human Factors 2005, 47:303-313.
10. Atchison D.A., Pendersen C., Dain S., Wood J.M. Traffic signal color recognition is a problem for both protan and deutan color-ision deficients. Human Factors 2003, 45(3):495-503.
11. Ball K., Beard B.L., Roenker D.L., Miller R.L., Griggs D.S. Age and visual search: Expanding the useful field of view. Journal of the Optical Society of America A 1988, 5:2210-2219.
12. Ball K., Edwards J.D., Ross L.A. The impact of speed of processing training on cognitive and everyday functions. Journals of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences 2007, 62(Special Issue Number 1):19-31.
13. Ball, K., Berch, D. B., Helmers, K. F., Jobe, J. B., Leveck, M. D., & Marsiske, M., et al., Advanced Cognitive Training for Independent and Vital Eldelry Study Group (2002). Effects of cognitive training interventions with older adults: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA, 288, 2271-281.
14. Ball, K. K., Edwards, J. D., Ross, L. A., & McGwin, G. (in press). Cognitive training decreases risk of motor vehicle crash involvement among older drivers. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.
15. Ball K., Owsley C. Identifying correlates of accident involvement for the older driver. Human Factors 1991, 33:583-595.
16. Ball K., Owsley C., Beard B. Clinical visual perimetry underestimates peripheral field problems in older adults. Clinical Vision Science 1990, 5(2):113-125.
17. Ball K., Owsley C., Sloane M.E., Roenker D.L., Bruni J.R. Visual attention problems as a predictor of vehicle crashes in older drivers. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 1993, 34(11):3110-3123.
18. Ball K., Owsley C., Stalvey B., Roenker D.L., Sloane M., Graves M. Driving avoidance and functional impairment in older drivers. Accident Analysis & Prevention 1998, 30:313-322.
19. Ball K.K., Roenker D.L., Bruni J.R. Developmental changes in attention and visual search throughout adulthood. The development of attention: Research and theory 1990, 489-507. Elsevier Science Publishers B. V, North-Holland. J.T. Enns (Ed.).
20. Ball K., Roenker D., Wadley V., Edwards J., Roth D., McGwin G., et al. Can high-risk older drivers be identified through performance-based measures in a department of motor vehicles setting?. Journal of the American Geriatric Society 2006, 54:77-84.
21. Barrett G.V., Mihal W.L., Panek P.E., Sterns H.L., Alexander R.A. Information-processing skills predictive of accident involvement for younger and older commercial drivers. Industrial Gerontology 1977, 4:173-182.
22. Barron C. Bioptic telescopic spectacles for motor vehicle driving. Journal of the American Optometric Association 1991, 61:37-41.
23. Blake R., Sloane M., Fox R. Further developments in binocular summation. Perception & Psychophysics 1981, 30:266-276.
24. Bowers A.R., Apfelbaum D.H., Peli E. Bioptic telescopes meet the needs of drivers with moderate visual acuity loss. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 2005, 46(1):66-74.
25. Bowers A.R., Keeney K., Peli E. Community-based trial of a peripheral prism visual field expansin device for hemainopia. Archives of Ophthalmology 2008, 126:657-664.
26. Bowers A.R., Mandel A.J., Goldstein R.B., Peli E. Driving with hemianopia. I: Detection performance in a driving simulator. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 2009, 50:5137-5147.
27. Bowers A., Peli E., Elgin J., McGwin G., Owsley C. On-road driving with moderate visual field loss. Optometry and Vision Science 2005, 82(8):657-667.
28. Brody L. The role of vision in motor vehicle operation: A Review. International Record of Medicine and General Practice Clinics (Quarterly Review of Ophthalmology) 1954, 167(6):365-377.
29. Burg A. Visual acuity as measured by dynamic and static tests: A comparative evaluation. Journal of Applied Psychology 1966, 50:460-466.
30. Burg A. The relationship between test scores and driving records: General findings 1967, Department of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles.
31. Burg A. Vision test scores and driving records: Additional findings 1968, Department of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles.
32. Caird J.K., Willness C.R., Steel P., Scialfa C. A meta-analysis of the effects of cell phones on driver performance. Accident Analysis & Prevention 2008, 40:1282-1293.
33. Campbell M.K., Bush T.L., Hale W.E. Medical conditions associated with driving cessation in community-dwelling, ambulatory elders. Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences 1993, 48(4):S230-S234.
34. Chapman P.R., Underwood G. Visual search of driving situations: Danger and experience. Perception 1998, 27:951-964.
35. Chapman P., Underwood G., Roberts K. Visual search patterns in trained and untrained novice drivers. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour 2002, 5:157-167.
36. Charlton S.G. Driving while conversing: Cell phones that distract and passengers who react. Accident Analysis & Prevention 2009, 41:160-173.
37. Charman W.N. Vision and driving - A literature review and commentary. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics 1997, 17(5):371-391.
38. Charness N. Aging and human performance. Human Factors 2008, 50:548-555.
39. Clay O.J., Wadley V., Edwards J.D., Roth D., Roenker D.L., Ball K.K. Cumulative meta-analysis of the relationship between useful field of view and driving performance in older adults: Current and future implications. Optometry and Vision Science 2005, 82:724-731.
40. Coeckelbergh T.R.M., Brouwer W.H., Cornelissen F.W., van Wolffelaar P., Kooijman A.C. The effect of visual field defects on driving performance. A driving simulator study. Archives of Ophthalmology 2002, 120:1509-1516.
41. Committee on Medical Aspects of Automotive Safety Visual factors in automobile driving, and provisional standards. Archives of Ophthalmology 1969, 81:865-871.
42. Consiglio W., Driscoll P., Witte M., Berg W.P. Effect of cellular telephone conversations and other potential interference on reaction time in a braking response. Accident Analysis & Prevention 2003, 35:495-500.
43. Cooper J.M., Strayer D.L. Effects of simulator practice and real-world experience on cell-phone-related driver distraction. Human Factors 2008, 50:893-902.
44. Council F.M., Allen J.A. A study of the visual fields of North Carolina drivers and their relationship to accidents 1974, (p. 36), University of North Carolina Highway Safety Research Center, Chapel Hill, NC.
45. Cross J.M., McGwin G., Rubin G.S., Ball K.K., West S.K., Roenker D.L., et al. Visual and medical risk factors for motor vehicle collision involvement among older drivers. British Journal of Ophthalmology 2009, 93:400-404.
46. Crundall D., Underwood G. Effects of experience and processing demand on visual information acquisition in drivers. Ergonomics 1998, 41:448-458.
47. Crundall D., Underwood G., Chapman P. Driving experience and the functional field of view. Perception 1999, 28:1075-1087.
48. Crundall D., Underwood G., Chapman P. Attending to the peripheral world while driving. Applied Cognitive Psychology 2002, 16:459-475.
49. Cushman L.A. Cognitive capacity and concurrent driving performance in older drivers. IATSS Research 1996, 20(1):38-45.
50. Danielson R.W. The relationship of fields of vision to safety in driving, with a report of 680 drivers examined by various screening methods. American Journal of Ophthalmology 1957, 44:369-416.
51. Davison P.A. Inter-relationships between British drivers' visual abilities, age and road accident histories. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics 1985, 5(2):195-204.
52. DeCarlo D.K., Scilley K., Wells J., Owsley C. Driving habits and health-related quality of life in patients with age-related maculopathy. Optometry and Vision Science 2003, 80(3):207-213.
53. Decina, L. E., Breton, M. E., & Staplin, L. (1991). Visual disorders and commercial drivers, Report Number DTFH61-90-C-0093. Washington, DC: Office of Motor Carriers, Federal Highway Administration, US Department of Transportation.
54. Decina L.E., Staplin L. Retrospective evaluation of alternative vision screening criteria for older and younger drivers. Accident Analysis & Prevention 1993, 25(3):267-275.
55. Dionne G., Desjardins D., Laberge-Nadeau C., Maag U. Medical conditions, risk exposure, and truck drivers' accidents: An analysis with count data regression models. Accident Analysis & Prevention 1995, 27(3):295-305.
56. Donmez B., Boyle L.N., Lee J.D. The impact of distraction mitigation strategies on driving performance. Human Factors 2006, 48:785-804.
57. Drews F.A., Pasupathi M., Strayer D.L. Passenger and cell phone conversation in simulated driving. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied Psychology 2008, 14:392-400.
58. Drews F.A., Yazdani H., Godfrey C.N., Cooper J.M., Strayer D.L. Text messaging during simulated driving. Human Factors 2009, 51:762-770.
59. Duchek J.M., Hunt L., Ball K., Buckles V., Morris J.C. Attention and driving performance in Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences 1998, 53B(2):P130-P141.
60. Elgin J., McGwin G., Wood J.M., Vaphiades M.S., Braswell R.A., DeCarlo D.K., et al. Evaluation of on-road driving in persons with hemianopia and quadrantanopia. American Journal of Occupational Therapy 2010, 64:268-278.
61. Federal Highway Administration Office of motor carriers. The seventh monitoring report on the drivers of commercial motor vehicles who receive vision waivers 1996, US Department of Transportation, Washington, DC.
62. Federal Highway Administration Manual on uniform traffic control devices 2003, (2003 edition, Revision 1), US Department of Transportation, Washington, DC.
63. Feinbloom W. Driving with bioptic telescopic spectacles (BTS). American Journal of Optometry & Physiological Optics 1977, 54:35-42.
64. Fisher D.L., Narayanaan V., Pollatsek A., Pradhan A. Using eye movements in driving simulators to evaluate effects of PC-based risk awareness training. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 48th annual meeting 2004, 2266-2270. Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, Santa Monica CA.
65. Fonda G. Bioptic telescopic spectacle is a hazard for operating a motor vehicle. Archives of Ophthalmology 1983, 101:1907-1908.
66. Fonda G. Training in use of the bioptic telescopic spectacle (BTS) for driving is unreasonable. Transactions Pennsylvania Academy of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology 1988, 40:716-718.
67. Fonda S.J., Wallace R.B., Herzog A.R. Changes in driving patterns and worsening depressive symptoms among older adults. Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences 2001, 56B(6):S343-S351.
68. Freeman E.E., Gange S.J., Munoz B., West S.K. Driving status and risk of entry into long-term care in adults. American Journal of Public Health 2006, 96:1254-1259.
69. Freeman E.E., Munoz B., Turano K., West S.K. Measures of visual function and time to driving cessation in older adults. Optometry and Vision Science 2005, 82:765-773.
70. Freeman E.E., Munoz B., Turano K.A., West S.K. Measures of visual function and their association with driving modification in older adults. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 2006, 47(2):514-520.
71. Glassbrenner D. Driver cell phone use in 2004, overall results 2005, (DOT HS-809-847), US Department of Transportation, Washington, DC.
72. Grabowski D.C., Campbell C.M., Morrisey M.A. Elderly licensure laws and motor vehicle fatalities. JAMA 2004, 291(23):2840-2846.
73. Gray R., Regan D. Glare susceptibility test results correlate with temporal safety margin when executing turns across approaching vehicles in simulated low-sun conditions. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics 2007, 27:440-450.
74. Gresset J., Meyer F. Risk of automobile accidents among elderly drivers with impairments or chronic diseases. Canadian Journal of Public Health 1994, 85(4):282-285.
75. Haigney D.E., Westerman S.J. Mobile (cellular) phone use and driving: A critical review of research methodology. Ergonomics 2001, 44:132-143.
76. Hancock P.A., Lesch M., Simmons L. The distraction effects of phone use during a crucial driving maneuver. Accident Analysis & Prevention 2003, 35:501-514.
77. Haymes S.A., LeBlanc R.P., Nicolela M.T., Chiasson L.A., Chauhan B.C. Risk of falls and motor vehicle collisions in glaucoma. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 2007, 48:1149-1155.
78. Haymes S., LeBlanc R., Nicolela M., Chiasson L., Chauhan B. Glaucoma and on-road driving performance. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 2008, 49(7):3035-3041.
79. Heath G.G., Schmmidt I. Signal color recognition in color defective observers. American Journal of Optometry Archives American Academy of Optometry 1959, 36:421-437.
80. Hennessy D.F. Vision testing of renewal applicants: Crashes predicted when compensation for impairment is inadequate 1995, California Department of Motor Vehicles, Research and Development Section, Sacramento, CA.
81. Hennessy D.F., Janke M.K. Clearing a road to being driving fit by better assessing driving wellness: Development of California's prospective three-tier driving centered assessment system. Technical report 2009, Research and Development Division, Licensing Operations Division, California Department of Motor Vehicles, Sacramento, CA.
82. Higgins K.E., Wood J.M. Predicting components of closed road driving performance from vision tests. Optometry and Vision Science 2005, 82:647-656.
83. Higgins K.E., Wood J., Tait A. Vision and driving: Selective effect of optical blur on different driving tasks. Human Factors 1998, 41(2):224-232.
84. Hills B.L., Burg A. A reanalysis of California driver vision data: General findings 1977, Transport and Road Research Laboratory, Crowthorn, England.
85. Hofstetter H.W. Visual acuity and highway accidents. Journal of the American Optometric Association 1976, 47(7):887-893.
86. Hoyer W.J., Plude D.J. Aging and the allocation of attentional resources in visual information-processing. Aging and human visual function 1982, 245-261. Liss, A R, New York. R. Sekuler, D. Kline, K. Dismukes (Eds.).
87. Hu P.S., Reuscher T.R. Summary of travel trends: 2001 National household travel survey 2004, US Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration.
88. Hu P.S., Trumble D.A., Foley D.J., et al. Crash risks of older drivers: A panel data analysis. Accident Analysis & Prevention 1998, 30(5):569-581.
89. Hu P.S., Trumble D., Lu A. Statistical relationships between vehicle crashes, driving cessation, and age-related physical or mental limitations: Final summary report 1997, US Department of Transportation, Washington, DC.
90. Humphriss D. Three South African studies on the relation between road accidents and drivers' vision. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics 1987, 7(1):73-79.
91. Insurance Institute for Highway Safety Education alone won't make drivers safer. It won't reduce crashes. Status Report 2001, 36(5):1-8.
92. Ivancic K., Hesketh B. Learning from errors in a driving simulation: Effects on driving skills and self-confidence. Ergonomics 2000, 43:1966-1984.
93. Ivers R.Q., Mitchell P., Cumming R.G. Sensory impairment and driving: The Blue Mountains eye study. American Journal of Public Health 1999, 89:85-87.
94. Janke M.K. Accident rates of drivers with bioptic telescopic lenses. Journal of Safety Research 1983, 14:159-165.
95. Jobe J.B., Smith D.M., Ball K., Tennstedt S.L., Marsiske M., Willis S.L., et al. ACTIVE: A cognitive intervention trial to promote independent in older adults. Controlled Clinical Trials 2001, 22:453-479.
96. Johansson K., Bronge L., Lundberg C., Persson A., Seideman M., Viitanen M. Can a physician recognize an older driver with increased crash risk potential?. Journal of the American Geriatric Society 1996, 44:1198-1204.
97. Johnson C.A., Keltner J.L. Incidence of visual field loss in 20,000 eyes and its relationship to driving performance. Archives of Ophthalmology 1983, 101:371-375.
98. Jose R., Carter K., Carter C. A training program for clients considering the use of bioptic telescopes for driving. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness 1983, 77:425-428.
99. Kahneman D., Ben-Ishai R., Lotan M. Relation of a test of attention to road accidents. Journal of Applied Psychology 1973, 58:113-115.
100. Keay L., Munoz B., Turano K.A., Hassan S.E., Munro C.A., Duncan D.D., et al. Visual and cognitive deficits predict stopping or restricting driving: The Salisbury eye evaluation driving study (SEEDS). Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 2009, 50:107-113.
101. Keeney A.H. Field loss versus central magnification. Archives of Ophthalmology 1974, 92:273.
102. Korb D.R. Preparing the visually handicapped person for motor vehicle operation. American Journal of Optometry & Archives of American Academy of Optometry 1970, 47:619-628.
103. Laberge J., Scialfa C., White C., Caird J. Effects of passenger and cellular phone conversations on driver distraction. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2004, 1899:109-116.
104. Laberge-Nadeau C., Dionne G., Maag U., Desjardins D., Vanasse C., Ekoe J.-M. Medical conditions and the severity of commercial motor vehicle drivers' road accidents. Accident Analysis & Prevention 1996, 28:43-51.
105. Land M.F. Eye movements and the control of actions in everyday life. Progress in Retinal and Eye Research 2006, 25:296-324.
106. Land M.F., Lee D.N. Where we look when we steer. Nature 1994, 369. 742-744 & 707.
107. Leaf W.A., Simons-Morton B.G., Hartos J.L., Northrup V.S. Driving miles estimates by teen drivers: How accurate are they?. Injury Prevention 2008, 14:51-61.
108. Lee J.D. Fifty years of driving safety research. Human Factors 2008, 50:521-528.
109. Lee H., Lee A., Cameron D., Li-Tsang C. Using a driving simulator to identify older drivers at inflated risk of motor vehicle crashes. Journal of Safety Research 2003, 34:453-459.
110. Lippman O. The effect of the Texas medical advisory board for driver licensing on driving performance. Proceedings of the American Association of Automotive Medicine 1979, 23:204-216.
111. Lippman O., Corn A.L., Lewis M.C. Bioptic telescopic spectacles and driving performance: A study in Texas. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness 1988, 82:182-187.
112. Lyman J.M., McGwin G., Sims R.V. Factors related to driving difficulty and habits in older drivers. Accident Analysis & Prevention 2001, 33:413-421.
113. Maag U., Vanasse C., Dionne G., Laberge-Nadeua C. Taxi-drivers' accidents: How binocular vision problems are related to their rate and severity in terms of the number of victims?. Accident Analysis & Prevention 1997, 29:217-224.
114. Madden D.J. Adult age differences in attentional selectivity and capacity. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology 1990, 2(3):229-252.
115. Madden D.J. Adult age differences in the time course of visual attention. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences 1990, 45(1):P9-16.
116. Marottoli R.A., Cooney L.M., Wagner D.R., Doucette J., Tinetti M.E. Predictors of automobile crashes and moving violations among elderly drivers. Annals of Internal Medicine 1994, 121(11):842-846.
117. Marottoli R.A., de Leon C.F.M., Glass T.A., Williams C.S., Cooney L.M., Berkman L.F. Driving cessation and increased depressive symptoms: Prospective evidence from the New Haven EPESE. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 1997, 45:202-206.
118. Marottoli R.A., Ostfeld A.M., Merrill S.S., Perlman G.D., Foley D.J., Cooney L.M. Driving cessation and changes in mileage driven among elderly individuals. Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences 1993, 48(5):S255-S260.
119. Marottoli R.A., Richardson E.D., Stowe M.H., Miller E.G., Brass L.M., Cooney L.M., et al. Development of a test battery to identify older drivers at risk for self-reported adverse driving events. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 1998, 46:562-568.
120. Mazer B.L., Korner-Bitensky N.A., Sofer S. Predicting ability to drive after stroke. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 1998, 79:743-750.
121. McCartt A.T., Hellinga L.A., Braitman K.A. Cell phones and driving: Review of research. Traffic Injury Prevention 2006, 7:89-106.
122. McCloskey L.W., Koepsell T.D., Wolf M.E., Buchner D.M. Motor vehicle collision injuries and sensory impairments of older drivers. Age and Aging 1994, 23:267-273.
123. McEvoy S.P., Stevenson M.R., McCartt A.T., Woodward M., Haworth C., et al. Role of mobile phones in motor vehicle crashes resulting in hospital attendance: A case-crossover study. British Medical Journal 2005, 331:428-433.
124. McGwin G., Chapman V., Owsley C. Visual risk factors for driving difficulty in older drivers. Accident Analysis & Prevention 2000, 32:735-744.
125. McGwin G., Mays A., Joiner W., DeCarlo D.K., McNeal S.F., Owsley C. Is glaucoma associated with motor vehicle collision involvement and driving avoidance?. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 2004, 45(11):3934-3939.
126. McGwin G., Owsley C., Ball K. Identifying crash involvement among older drivers: Agreement between self-report and state records. Accident Analysis & Prevention 1998, 30:781-791.
127. McGwin G., Sarrels S., Griffin R., Owsley C., Rue L.I. The impact of a vision screening law on older driver fatality rates. Archives of Ophthalmology 2008, 126:1544-1547.
128. McGwin G., Xie A., Mays A., Joiner W., DeCarlo D., Hall T., et al. Visual field defects and the risk of motor vehicle collisions among patients with glaucoma. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 2005, 46(12):4437-4441.
129. McKnight A.J., Shinar D., Hilburn B. The visual and driving performance of monocular and binocular heavy-duty truck drivers. Accident Analysis & Prevention 1991, 23(4):225-237.
130. Mihal W.L., Barrett G.V. Individual differences in perceptual information processing and their relation to automobile accident involvement. Journal of Applied Psychology 1976, 61(2):229-233.
131. Mourant R.R., Rockwell T.H. Mapping eye-movement patterns to the visual scene in driving: An exploratory study. Human Factors 1970, 12:81-87.
132. Mourant R.R., Rockwell T.H. Strategies of visual search by novice and experienced drivers. Human Factors 1972, 14:325-335.
133. Munro C.A., Jefferys J., Gower E.W., Munoz B.E., Lyketsos C.G., Keay L., et al. Predictors of lane-change errors in older drivers. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2010, 58:457-464.
134. Murakami E., Wagner D.P. Comparison between computer-assisted self-interviewing using GPS with retrospective trip reporting using telephone interviews 1997, Federal Highway Administration, US Department of Transportation, Washington, DC.
135. Myers R.S., Ball K.K., Kalina T.D., Roth D.L., Goode K.T. Relation of useful field of view and other screening tests to on-road driving performance. Perceptual and Motor Skills 2000, 91:279-290.
136. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Conference on research and development needed to improve safety and mobility of older drivers 1989, US Department of Transportation, Washington, DC.
137. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Addressing the safety issues related to younger and older drivers - A report to Congress 1993, US Department of Transportation, Washington, DC.
138. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Traffic Safety 2009, US Department of Transportation, Washington, DC.
139. Neale V.L., Lauer S.G., Knipling R.R., Dingus T.A., Holbrook G.T., Petersen A. The 100 car naturalistic driving study, Phase 1 - Experimental design 2002, US Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.
140. Nelson D.E., Sacks J.J., Chorba T.L. Required vision testing for older drivers. The New England Journal of Medicine 1992, 326(26):1784-1785.
141. New York State Department of Motor Vehicles (1989). Division of Research and Evaluation, Albany, New York.
142. North R.V. The relationship between the extent of visual field and driving performance - A review. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics 1985, 5(2):205-210.
143. Owsley C. Driver capabilities. Proceedings of Transportation in an Aging Society: A decade of experience 2004, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, The National Academies Press, Washington, DC.
144. Owsley C., Ball K., McGwin G., Sloane M.E., Roenker D.L., White M.F., et al. Visual processing impairment and risk of motor vehicle crash among older adults. JAMA 1998, 279:1083-1088.
145. Owsley C., Ball K., Sloane M.E., Roenker D.L., Bruni J.R. Visual/cognitive correlates of vehicle accidents in older drivers. Psychology and Aging 1991, 6(3):403-415.
146. Owsley, C., McGwin Jr., G., & Seder, T. (submitted for publication). Identifying the content for a survey of older drivers' preferences and attitudes about instrument cluster designs in vehicles.
147. Owsley C., McGwin G. Vision impairment and driving. Survey of Ophthalmology 1999, 43(6):535-550.
148. Owsley C., McGwin G., Ball K. Vision impairment, eye disease, and injurious motor vehicle crashes in the elderly. Ophthalmic Epidemiology 1998, 5:101-113.
149. Owsley C., McGwin G., Scilley K., Girkin C.A., Phillips J.M., Searcey K. Perceived barriers to care and attitudes about vision and eye care: Focus groups with older African Americans and eye care providers. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 2006, 47:2797-2802.
150. Owsley C., McGwin G., Sloane M.E., Wells J., Stalvey B.T., Gauthreaux S. Impact of cataract surgery on motor vehicle crash involvement by older adults. JAMA 2002, 288:841-849.
151. Owsley C., McGwin G., Stalvey B.T., Weston J., Searcey K., Girkin C.A. Educating older African-Americans about the preventive importance of routine comprehensive eye care. Journal of the National Medical Association 2008, 100:1089-1095.
152. Owsley C., Stalvey B.T., Wells J., Sloane M.E., McGwin G. Visual risk factors for crash involvement in older drivers with cataract. Archives of Ophthalmology 2001, 119:881-887.
153. Panek P.E., Barrett G.V., Sterns H.L., Alexander R.A. A review of age changes in perceptual information processing ability with regard to driving. Experimental Aging Research 1977, 3(6):387-449.
154. Pardhan S., Gilchrist J., Douthwaite W. The effect of spatial frequency on binocular contrast inhibition. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics 1989, 9:46-49.
155. Park W.L., Unatin J., Park C.K. A profile of the demographics, training and driving history of the telescopic drivers in the state of Michigan. Journal of the American Optometric Association 1995, 66(5):274-280.
156. Peli E., Peli D. Driving with confidence: A practical guide to driving with low vision 2002, World Scientific Press, River Edge, New Jersey.
157. Perez A.M., Jose R.T. The use of Fresnel and ophthalmic prisms with persons with hemianopic visual field loss. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness 2003, 97:173-176.
158. Plude D., Doussard-Roosevelt J. Aging, selective attention and feature integration. Psychology and Aging 1989, 4:98-105.
159. Pradhan A., Hammel K., DeRamus R., Pollatsek A., Noyce D., Fisher D. Using eye movements to evaluate effects of driver age on risk perception in a driving simulator. Human Factors 2005, 840-852.
160. Racette L., Casson E.J. The impact of visual field loss on driving performance: Evidence from on-road driving assessments. Optometry and Vision Science 2005, 82(8):668-674.
161. Ragland D.R., Satariano W.A., MacLeod K.E. Driving cessation and increased depressive symptoms. Journal of Gerontology: Medical Sciences 2005, 60a(3):399-403.
162. Ramulu P., West S., Munoz B., Jampel H., Friedman D. Driving cessation and driving limitation in glaucoma. Ophthalmology 2009, 116:1846-1853.
163. Ratz M. An evaluation of the California drive test in theme and variation. Treatment development and preliminary evaluation 1978, (Vol. I, pp. 1-189), State of California, Department of Motor Vehicles, Research and Development Section, Sacramento, CA.
164. Ratz M. An evaluation of the California drive test in theme and variation. Final report 1978, (Vol. II, pp. 1-25), State of California, Department of Motor Vehicles, Research and Development Section, Sacramento, CA.
165. Redelmeier D.A., Tibschirani R.J. Association between cellular-telephone calls and motor vehicle collisions. The New England Journal of Medicine 1997, 336:453-458.
166. Retan R. The relation of the trail making test to organic brain damage. Journal of Consulting Psychology 1955, 19:393-394.
167. Rizzo M., Reinach S., McGehee D., Dawson J. Simulated car crashes and crash predictors in drivers with Alzheimer disease. Archives of Neurology 1997, 54:545-551.
168. Roger P.N., Ratz M., Janke M.K. Accident and conviction rates of visually impaired heavy-vehicle operators 1987, State of California Department of Motor Vehicles, Research and Development Office, Sacramento, CA.
169. Rokotonirainy, A., & Steinhardt, D. (2009). In-vehicle technology functional requirements for older drivers. In Proceedings of the 1st international conference on automotive user interfaces and interactive vehicular applications, Essen, Germany.
170. Romoser M.R., Fisher D.L., Mourant R., Wachtel J., Sizov K. The use of a driving simulator to assess senior driver performance. Increasing situational awareness through post-drive one-on-one advisement. Proceedings of the third international driving symposium on human factors in driver assessment, training, and vehicle design 2005, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA.
171. Rosenbloom S. Transportation needs of the elderly population. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine: Medical Conderations in the Older Driver 1993, 9(2):297-310.
172. Rubin G.S., Ng E.S., Bandeen-Roche K., Keyl P.M., Freeman E.E., West S.K. A prospective, population-based study of the role of visual impairment in motor vehicle crashes among older drivers: The SEE study. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 2007, 48:1483-1491.
173. Rubin G.S., Roche K.B., Prasada-Rao P., Fried L.P. Visual impairment and disability in older adults. Optometry and Vision Science 1994, 71(12):750-760.
174. Rubin G.S., West S.K., Munoz B., Bandeen-Roche K., Zeger S., Schein O., et al. A comprehensive assessment of visual impairment in a population of older Americans. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 1997, 38(3):557-568.
175. Schieber F. Highway research to enhance safety and mobility of older road users. Transportation in an Aging Society: A decade of experience, conference proceedings 2004, Vol. 27:125-154. Transportation Research Board, The National Academies, Washington DC.
176. Sekuler R., Ball K. Visual localization: Age and practice. Journal of the Optical Society of America A 1986, 3(6):864-867.
177. Shinar D. Driver visual limitations: Diagnosis and treatment 1977, US Department of Transportation, Washington, DC.
178. Shinar D. Driver performance and individual differences in attention and information processing. Driver inattention 1978, Vol. 1. US Department of Transportation, Washington, DC.
179. Shinar D. Looks are (almost) everything: Where drivers look to get information?. Human Factors 2008, 50:380-384.
180. Shinar D., Tractinsky N., Compton R. Effects of practice, age, and task demands, on interference from a phone task while driving. Accident Analysis & Prevention 2005, 37:315-326.
181. Shipp M.D. Potential human and economic cost-savings attributable to vision testing policies for driver license renewal, 1989-1991. Optometry and Vision Science 1998, 75(2):103-118.
182. Sims R.V., McGwin G., Allman R.M., Ball K., Owsley C. Exploratory study of incident vehicle crashes among older drivers. Journal of Gerontology: Medical Sciences 2000, 55A(1):M22-M27.
183. Sims R.V., Owsley C., Allman R.M., Ball K., Smoot T.M. A preliminary assessment of the medical and functional factors associated with vehicle crashes in older adults. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 1998, 46:556-561.
184. Smith D.I. Official driver records and self-reports as sources of accident and conviction data for research purposes. Accident Analysis & Prevention 1976, 8:207-211.
185. Smith J.L., Weiner I.G., Lucero A.J. Hemianopic Fresnel prisms. Journal of Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology 1982, 2:19-22.
186. Staplin L. Simulator and field measures of driver age differences in left-turn gap judgments. Transportation Research Record 1995, 1485:49-55.
187. State of Maine, Department of State (1983). Study: Bioptic lens driver, 1976-1982, Augusta, Maine.
188. Strayer D.L., Drews F.A. Profiles in driver distraction: Effects of cell phone conversations on younger and older drivers. Human Factors 2004, 46:640-649.
189. Strayer D., Drews F. Cell-phone induced driver distraction. Current Directions in Psychological Science 2007, 16(3):128-131.
190. Strayer D., Drews F., Johnston W. Cell phone induced failures of visual attention during simulated driving. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 2003, 9(1):23-32.
191. Strayer D.L., Johnston W.A. Driven to distraction: Dual-task studies of simulator driving and conversing on a cellular phone. Psychological Science 2001, 12:462-466.
192. Stutts J.C. Do older drivers with visual and cognitive impairments drive less?. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 1998, 46:854-861.
193. Subzwari, S., Desapriya, E., Babul-Wellar, S., Pike, I., Turcotte, K., & Rajabali, F., et al. (2009). Vision screening of older drivers for preventing road traffic injuries and fatalities (Review). The Cochrane Collaboration, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD006252. doi:10.1002/14651858. CD006252. pub2.
194. Szlyk J.P., Pizzimenti C.E., Fishman G.A., Kelsch R., Wetzel L.C., Kagan S., et al. A comparison of driving in older subjects with and without age-related macular degeneration. Archives of Ophthalmology 1995, 113:1033-1040.
195. Szlyk J.P., Seiple W., Stelmack J., McMahon T. Use of prisms for navigation and driving in hemianopic patients. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics 2005, 25:128-135.
196. Taylor D. Telescopic spectacles for driving: user data satisfaction, preferences and effects in vocational, educational and personal tasks: A study in Illinois. Journal of Visual Rehabilitation 1990, 4:29-51.
197. Törnros J.E.B., Bolling A.K. Mobile phone use - Effects of hand-held and handsfree phones on driving performance. Accident Analysis & Prevention 2005, 37:902-909.
198. Transportation Research Board Transportation in an aging society 1988, National Research Council, Washington, DC.
199. Uc E.Y., Rizzo M., Anderson S.W., Dastrup E., Sparks J.D., Dawson J.D. Driving under low-contrast visibility conditions in Parkinson disease. Neurology 2009, 73:1103-1110.
200. Uc E., Rizzo M., Anderson S., Sparks J., Rodnitzky R., Dawson J. Impaired visual search in drivers with Parkinson's disease. Annals of Neurology 2006, 60(4):407-413.
201. Uc E.Y., Rizzo M., Johnson A.M., Dastrup E., Anderson S.W., Dawson J.D. Road safety in drivers with Parkinson disease. Neurology 2009, 73:2112-2119.
202. Underwood G., Chapman P., Bowden K., Crundall D. Visual search while driving: skill and awareness during inspection of the scene. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour 2002, 5:87-97.
203. Underwood G., Chapman P., Crundall D., Cooper S., Wallén R. The visual control of steering and driving: Where do we look when negotiating curves?. Vision in vehicles 1999, Vol. VII:245-252. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
204. United States Census Bureau (2004). Projected population change in the United States, by Race and Hispanic Origin: 2000 to 2050.
205. US Department of Transportation, Bureau of Transportation Statistics (2003). National Household Transportation Survey 2001 Highlights Report, Washington, DC.
206. Verriest G., Naubauer O., Marre M., Uvijls A. New investigations concerning the relationships between congenital colour vision defects and road traffic security. International Ophthalmology 1980, 2:887-899.
207. Viamonte S., Ball K., Kilgore M. A cost-benefit analysis of risk-reduction strategies targeted at older drivers. Traffic Injury Prevention 2006, 7:1-8.
208. Vingrys A.J., Cole B.L. Are colour vision standards justified for the transport industry?. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics 1988, 8:257-274.
209. Vitale S., Cotch M.F., Sperduto R.D. Prevalence of visual impairment in the United States. JAMA 2006, 295:2158-2163.
210. West S.K., Hahn D.V., Baldwin K.C., Duncan D.D., Munoz B.E., Turano K.A., et al. Older drivers and failure to stop at red lights. Journal of Gerontology: Medical Sciences 2010, 65A:179-183.
211. Wolbarsht M.L. Tests for glare sensitivity and peripheral vision in driver applicants. Journal of Safety Research 1977, 9:128-139.
212. Woo T.H., Lin J. Influence of mobile phone use while driving: The experience in Taiwan. International Association of Traffic Safety Sciences Research 2001, 25:5-19.
213. Wood J.M. Age and visual impairment decrease driving performance as measured on a closed-road circuit. Human Factors 2002, 44:482-494.
214. Wood J.M., Anstey K.J., Kerr G.K., Lacherez P.F., Lord S. A multidomain approach for predicting older driver safety under in-traffic conditions. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2008, 56:986-993.
215. Wood J.M., Carberry T.P. Older drivers and cataracts: Measures of driving performance before and after cataract surgery. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2004, 1865:7-13.
216. Wood J.M., Carberry T.P. Bilateral cataract surgery and driving performance. British Journal of Ophthalmology 2006, 90:1277-1280.
217. Wood J.M., Dique T., Troutbeck R. The effect of artificial visual impairment on functional visual fields and driving performance. Clinical Vision Science 1993, 8(6):563-575.
218. Wood, J. M., Elgin, J., McGwin Jr., G., Vaphiades, M., Kline, L., & Owsley, C. (submitted for publication). Head and eye movements and lane keeping in drivers with hemianopic and quadrantanopic field defects compared to drivers with normal visual fields.
219. Wood J.M., McGwin G., Elgin J., Vaphiades M.S., Braswell R.A., DeCarlo D.K., et al. On-road driving performance by persons with hemianopia and quadrantanopia. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 2009, 50:577-585.
220. Wood J.M., Owens D.A. Standard measures of visual acuity do not predict drivers' recognition performance under day or night conditions. Optometry and Vision Science 2005, 82:698-705.
221. Wood J.M., Troutbeck R. Effect of restriction of the binocular visual field on driving performance. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics 1992, 12:291-298.
222. Wood J.M., Troutbeck R. Elderly drivers and simulated visual impairment. Optometry and Vision Science 1995, 72(2):115-124.
223. Worringham C., Wood J.M., Kerr G., Silburn P. Predictors of driving assessment outcome in Parkinson's disease. Movement Disorders 2006, 21:230-235.