Land property rights and urbanization in China

China Review

Volumn 10, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 11-38

  Xun, Li ^a   Xianxiang, Xu ^a   Zhigang, Li ^a  

^a SUN YAT SEN UNIVERSITY   (China)

Author keywords

Center of studies of hong kong; Lingnan college; Macao and the pearl river delta; Sun yat sen university

Indexed keywords

EID: 78149355180     PISSN: 16802012     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. For details, see National Bureau of Statistics of China, Zhongguo tongji nianjian (China Statistical Yearbook) (Beijing: China Statistics Press, 2005).
2. For detailed discussion on this, see literature on transitional Chinese cities, e.g. Anthony Gar-On Yeh and Fulong Wu, "Internal structure of Chinese cities in the midst of economic reform," Urban Geography, Vol. 16, No. 6 (1995): 521-554;
3. Fulong Wu, "The global and local dimensions of place-making: remaking Shanghai as a world city," Urban Studies, Vol. 37, No. 8 (2000): 1359-1377;
4. Logan, J. .R. (ed.), The New Chinese City: Globalization and Market Reform (Oxford: Blackwell, 2001);
5. Weiping Wu, "Migrant housing in urban China: Choices and constraints," Urban Affairs Review, Vol. 38, No. 1 (2002): 90-119;
6. Jieming Zhu, "Urban development under ambiguous property rights: A case of China's transition economy," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Vol. 26, No. 1 (2002): 41-57;
7. Laurence J. C. Ma and Fulong Wu, Restructuring the Chinese City: Changing Society, Economy and Space (London and New York: Routledge, 2005).
8. 2 per year. For a systematic and sophisticated analysis, see F. Frederic Deng and Youqin Huang, "Uneven land reform and urban sprawl in China: The case of Beijing," Progress in Planning, Vol. 61, No. 3 (2004): 211-236.
9. For detailed discussion, see Yehua Dennis Wei and Chikin Leung, "Development zones, foreign investment, and global city formation in Shanghai," Growth and Change, Vol. 36, No. 1 (2005): 16-40.
10. Ma and Wu (Note 2).
11. For detailed information, see Jianfa Shen, Zhiqiang Feng and Kwan-Yiu Wong, "Dual-track urbanization in a transitional economy: The case of Pearl River Delta in South China," Habitat International, Vol. 30, No. 3 (2006): 690-705.
12. A number of detailed discussions of various patterns of urbanization in China can be found. See Laurence J. C. Ma and Gonghao Cui, "Economic transition at the local level: Diverse forms of town development in China," Eurasian Geography and Economics, Vol. 43, No. 2 (2002): 79-103.
13. A desakota region is a complex entity. It encompasses both the city itself, with typical urban land use, and associated compact and densely settled sprawling areas. McGee describes desakota regions as agricultural areas that have undergone an intense mix of settlement and economic activity, comprising agriculture, industry, housing development, and other land use. That is, the countryside is urbanized without the hinterland population necessarily moving into the city. It is argued that desakota is the result of sustainable social systems on the fringes of Asian mega-cities. See T. G. McGee, "Five decades of urbanization in Southeast Asia: A personal encounter," in Urban Development in Asia: Retrospect and Prospect, ed. by Y. M. Yeung (Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press, 1998), 55-94.
14. See Ma and Wu (Note 2).
15. In fact, chengzhongcun have already attracted the attention of researchers from various fields, including sociology, anthropology, geography, management, planning and architecture. Existing research provides distinctive perspectives to decipher the underlying mechanisms of this new urban landscape, such as housing. For details, see L. Zhang, Simon X. B. Zhao and J. P. Tian, "Self-help in housing and Chengzhongcun in China's urbanization," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Vol. 27, No. 4 (2003): 912-937.
16. For instance, with a case study of Beijing and Shanghai, Wu, W. found that the migrant housing pattern is linked to institutional factors such as the existing household registration system, and the transitioning state of the urban housing market. He argues that restricted access to urban housing results in their poor housing conditions. See Weiping Wu, "Temporary migrants in Shanghai: Housing and settlement patterns," in The New Chinese City: Globalization and Market Reform, 212-226.
17. Laurence J. C. Ma and Biao Xiang, "Native place, migration and the emergence of peasant enclaves in Beijing," The China Quarterly, No. 155 (September, 1998): 546-581.
18. Jie Fan and Wolfgang Taubmann, "Migrant enclaves in Chinese large cities," in The New Chinese City: Globalization and Market Reform.
19. Chao-lin Gu and Haiyong Liu, "Social polarization and segregation in Beijing," in The New Chinese City: Globalization and Market Reform.
20. Yixing Zhou and Laurence J. C. Ma, "China's urbanization levels: Reconstructing a baseline from the fifth population census," China Quarterly No. 173 (2003): 176-196.
21. FDI in China has developed through several stages. In the first stage, FDI was mainly from Taiwan and Hong Kong, and accumulated in the PRD in the early 1980s. In the 1990s, developed countries such as USA and Japan began to invest heavily in the field of light industry across coastal regions of China, i.e. the PRD and YRD. Recently, FDI-related heavy industries have also begun to appear widely in such areas. For a detailed discussion, see Victor F. S. Sit and Chun Yang, "Foreign-investment-induced exo-urbanisation in the Pearl River Delta, China," Urban Studies, Vol. 34, No. 4 (1997): 647-677.
22. L. Li, "Guangzhoushi chengzhongcun xingcheng ji gaizaojizhi yanjiu" (The construction and reconstruction of chengzhongcun in Guangzhou), Ph.D. thesis, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China, 2001.
23. For detailed discussion on this, see Carolyn Cartier, "City-Space: Scale relations and China's spatial administrative hierarchy," in Restructuring the Chinese City: Changing Society, Economy and Space, ed. by Laurence J. C. Ma and Fulong Wu (London and New York: Routledge, 2005).
24. Hehui Jin, Yingyi Qian and Barry R. Weingast, "Regional decentralization and fiscal incentives: Federalism, Chinese style," Journal of Public Economics, Vol. 89 (2005): 1719-1742.
25. See J. Zhu, "Urban development under ambiguous property rights: A case of China's transition economy," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Vol. 26, No. 1 (2002): 41-57;
26. Samuel. P. S. Ho and George C. S. Lin, "Emerging land markets in rural and urban China: Policies and practices," China Quarterly, No. 175 (2003): 681-707;
27. Ling Hin Li, "The political economy of the privatisation of the land market in Shanghai," Urban Studies, Vol. 34, No. 2 (1997): 321-335;
28. Fulong Wu and Anthony Gar-On Yeh, "Changing spatial distribution and determinants of land development in China's transition to a market economy: The case of Guangzhou," Urban Studies, Vol. 34 (1997): 1851-1879;
29. Fulong Wu, "The 'game' of landed-property production and capital circulation in China's transitional economy, with reference to Shanghai," Environment and Planning A, Vol. 31, No. 10 (1999): 1757-1771;
30. Qingshu Xie, A. R. Ghanbari Parsa and Barry Redding, "The emergence of the urban land market in China: Evolution, structure, constraints and perspectives," Urban Studies, Vol. 39, No. 8 (2002): 1375-1398;
31. Anthony Gar-On Yeh and Fulong Wu, "The new land development process and urban development in Chinese cities," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Vol. 20, No. 2 (1996): 330-353;
32. T. W. Zhang, "Land market forces and government's role in sprawl-The case of China," Cities, Vol. 17, No. 2 (2000): 123-135.
33. Xiaolin Pei, "Jititudizhi: Zhongguo xiangcun gongye fazhan he jianjin zhuangui de genyuan" (The institutional root of China's rural industry and gradual reform), Economic Research Journal, Vol. 6 (1999), 45-51;
34. X. Kong, Zhongguo jiti qiye zhidu chuangxin (China Collective Enterprise Innovation) (Beijing: China Fangzheng Press, 1996), 45-51.
35. Yeh and Wu (Note 20).
36. For details, see Liu Xiaoling, Zhidu bianqian zhong de chengxiang tudi shichang fazhan (A Study of Urban and Rural Land Market Development under Institutional Transformation) (Guangzhou: Zhongshan University Press, 2005).
37. See George C. S. Lin and Samuel P. S. Ho, "The State, Land System, and Land Development Processes in Contemporary China," Annals of the Association of American Geographers, Vol. 95, No. 2 (2005): 411-436; "China Land Law," (baishanshi guotu ziyuanju [Baishan Municipal Bureau of Lang and Resources], 1999)
38. Ibid.,
39. Ibid.,
40. Arthur O'Sullivan, Urban Economics, 4th Ed. (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2000).
41. See Cartier (Note 18).
42. See Hehui Jin, Yingyi Qian and Barry R. Weingast, "Regional decentralization and fiscal incentives: Federalism, Chinese style," Journal of Public Economics, Vol. 89 (2005): 1719-1742.
43. zhuanxiang butie.
44. peitao buokuan.
45. Note 18.
46. Ping Xinqiao, "Geji zhengfu shouwo siwanyi" (4,000 billion Yuan in the hands of local governments), Zhonghua gongshang shibao (China Industrial-Commercial Times), 1 November, 2005.
47. Yuxia Chen, "Jiehuizhan Pazhou loujia zaici feisheng" (Estate prices rise around the Pazhou Exhibition Center), Yangcheng Evening News, 16 April, 2005, www2.ycwb.com/gb/content/2005-04/16/content-886225.htm. Accessed on 10 June, 2006.
48. Against this backdrop, regional governance is undergoing challenge and change, whilst the intervention of local governments in the economy is being strengthened in new ways. The conflict between administrative divisions is a reflection of the incompatible link between administrative and economic systems in the post-reform era. For details, see Jingxiang Zhang and Fulong Wu, "China's changing economic governance: Administrative annexation and the reorganization of local governments in the Yangtze River Delta," Regional Studies, Vol. 40, No. 1 (2006): 3-21.
49. For detailed information, see Lin Shusen, Dai, F, Pan An, Guihua Guangzhou (Planning Guangzhou) (Beijing: China Architectural Industrial Press, 2006), 103.
50. See Jianfa Shen, Kwan-yiu Wong and Zhiqiang Feng. "State-sponsored and spontaneous urbanization in the Pearl River Delta of South China, 1980-1998," Urban Geography, Vol. 23, No. 7 (2002): 674-694.
51. See Laurence J. C. Ma and Chusheng Lin. "Development of Towns in China: A Case Study of Guangdong Province" Population and Development Review, Vol. 19, No. 3 (1993): 583-606.
52. For details, see Jia Kang and Bai Jingming, "Xianxiang caizheng jiekun yu caizheng tizhi chuangxin" (Overcoming difficulties in public finance at county and township level and innovation in the fiscal system), Economic Research Journal, Vol. 2 (2002): 3-9.
53. Foshanshi guotu ziyuanju Nanhai fenju 2003 niandu jizhun dijiabiao (Standard Land Price of Nanhai in 2003 issued by the Land and Resources Bureau of Foshan City).
54. Jiang Shengsan and Han Jun, Tudi zibenhua yu nongcun gongyehua: Nanhai fazhan moshi yu tudi chuangxin (Land capitalization and rural industrialization-The Development Pattern and Institutional Innovation of Nanhai City) (Taiyuan: Shanxi Economic Press, 2005)
55. See Pei (Note 21).
56. For a detailed discussion of urban villages in urban China, see Liu, Y., He, S., Wu, F., Webster, C., "Urban villages under China's rapid urbanization: Unregulated assets and transitional neighbourhoods", Habitat International, Vol. 34 (2010): 135-144.
57. See Lihua Wei and Xiaopei Yan, "Chengzhongcun cunxu qiantixia de zhuaixing: Jianlun chengzhongcun gaizao de kexingxing moshi" ("Chengzhongcun": a transformation with the procondition of sustaining traditions), Ci'ry Planning Review, Vol. 7 (2005): 10-13.
58. Li Xun, Guangzhoushi Chepicun gainian guihua (Conceptual Plan of Chepi Village), internal report, Sun Yat-sen University, 2005.
59. See Shenzhen chengzhongcun gaizao bangongshi (Shenzhen Urban Village Redevelopment Office), Shenzhenshi chengzhongcun (jiucun) gaizao zongti guihua gangyao (The framework for the comprenhensive planning of urban village redevelopment in Shenzhen City), 2007.
60. For example, see Anthony Gar-On Yeh and Li Xia, "Zhujiangsanjiaozhou jingji fazhan, chengshi kuozhan yu nongtian liushi: yi Dongguan weili" (Economic development, urban sprawl and agricultural land loss in the Pearl River Delta: Dongguan as an example), Economic Geography, Vol. 19, No. 1 (1999): 67-71;
61. See Xun Li and Yun Li, "Nongcun jiti suoyouzhi yu fensanshi nongcun chengshihua kongjian: Yi Zhujiang sanjiaozhou wei li" (Rural collective ownership and dispersed rural urbanization space: A case study of the Pearl River Delta), City Planning Review, Vol. 7 (2005): 39-41.