Culture and development in children and youth

Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America

Volumn 19, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 661-680

  Pumariega, Andres J ^a,b   Joshi, Shashank V ^c  

^a TEMPLE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b READING HOSPITAL AND MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^c LUCILE PACKARD CHILDREN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

Cultural neuroscience; Cultural psychiatry; Culture; Development; Neuroscience

Indexed keywords

ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR; BRAIN FUNCTION; CHILD DEVELOPMENT; COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT; COPING BEHAVIOR; CULTURAL FACTOR; EDUCATION; EMOTIONAL ATTACHMENT; ETHNICITY; HUMAN; LANGUAGE PROCESSING; LEARNING; MENTAL DEVELOPMENT; NEUROSCIENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL BEING; PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT; REVIEW; SOCIAL INTERACTION;

ADOLESCENT; CHILD; CHILD DEVELOPMENT; CHILD GUIDANCE; CHILD PSYCHIATRY; CULTURAL COMPETENCY; CULTURAL DIVERSITY; ETHNIC GROUPS; ETHNOPSYCHOLOGY; FAMILY; HUMANS; INDIVIDUALITY; NEUROSCIENCES; PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT; SOCIAL ADJUSTMENT; UNITED STATES;

EID: 78149245866     PISSN: 10564993     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.chc.2010.08.002     Document Type: Review

References (95)

1. U.S.Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) Available at:, Accessed August 27, 2010. http://www.census.gov/acs/www/index.html.
2. Sholevar G.P. Cultural child and adolescent psychiatry. Lewis's child and adolescent psychiatry: a comprehensive textbook 2007, 57-65. Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia. A. Martin, F. Volkmar (Eds.).
3. McLoyd V.C. Socioeconomic disadvantage and child development. Am Psychol 1998, 53(2):185-204.
4. McDermott J.F. Effects of culture and ethnicity on child & adolescent development. Child and adolescent psychiatry-a comprehensive textbook 2002, 494-498. Lippincott, Philadelphia. 3rd edition. M. Lewis (Ed.).
5. Harkness S, Keefer CH, Super CM Culture and ethnicity. Developmental-behavioral pediatrics 2009, 182-191. W.B. Saunders, New York. 4th edition. M.D. Levine, W.B. Carey, A.C. Crocker (Eds.).
6. Storck MG, Vander Stoep A. Fostering ecologic perspectives in child psychiatry. Child Adolesc Psychiatric Clin N Am 2007, 16:133-163.
7. Freud S. Civilization and its discontents. Civilization and its discontents: the standard edition [with a biographical introduction by Peter Gay] 1989, 5-113. W.W. Norton, New York/London. S. Freud, J. Strachey, P. Gay (Eds.).
8. James W. Principles of psychology 1890, Holt, New York.
9. Vygotsky L.S. Mind in society: the development of higher mental processes 1978, Harvard University Press, Cambridge (MA).
10. Penuel W., Wertsch J. Vygotsky and identity formation: a sociocultural approach. Educ Psychol 1995, 30:83-92.
11. Erikson E. Identity: youth and crisis 1968, Norton, New York.
12. Haines A. Optimal outcomes along social, moral, cognitive, and emotional dimensions. North Am Montessori Teach Assoc J 2000, 25:27-59.
13. Baker K. Optimal developmental outcomes for the child aged six to twelve: social, moral, cognitive, and emotional dimensions. NAMTA J 2001, 26:71-93.
14. Kahn K. Philosophy, psychology, and educational goals for the Montessori adolescent, ages twelve to fifteen. NAMTA J 2003, 28:107-122.
15. Bandura A. Social cognitive theory in cultural context. Applied Psychol Int Rev 2002, 51:269-290.
16. Mead M. Coming of age in Samoa: a psychological study of primitive youth for western civilization 1928, William Morrow, New York.
17. Moore J. Visions of culture: an introduction to anthropological theories and theorists 1997, AltaMira Press, Walnut Creek (CA).
18. Pumariega AJ, Rothe E Leaving no children or families behind: the challenges of immigration. Am J Orthopsychiat 2010, 80(4):506-516.
19. Alvard M. The adaptive nature of culture. Evol Anthropol 2003, 12:136-149.
20. Pachter L., Dworkin P. Maternal expectations about normal child development in 4 cultural groups. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1997, 151:1144-1150.
21. Hopkins B., Westra T. Maternal expectations of their infants' development: some cultural differences. Dev Med Child Neurol 1989, 31:384-390.
22. Klein M. Love, guilt, and reparation & other works, 1921-1945 2002, Free Press, New York.
23. Winnicott D. Transitional objects and transitional phenomena-a study of the first not-me possession. Int J Psycho-Anal 1953, 34:89-97.
24. Mahler M. On the first three subphases of the separation-individuation process. Psychoanal Contemp Sci 1974, 3:295-306.
25. Bornstein M., Tamis-LeMonda C., Tal J., et al. Maternal responsiveness to infants in three societies: the United States, France, and Japan. Child Dev 1992, 63:808-821.
26. Choi E. A contrast of mothering behaviors in women from Korea and the United States. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 1995, 24:363-369.
27. Choi E., Hamilton R. The effects of culture on mother-infant interaction. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 1986, 15:256-261.
28. Van Ijzendoorn M., Kroonenberg P. Cross-cultural patterns of attachment: a meta-analysts of the strange situation. Child Dev 1988, 59:147-156.
29. Applegate J. The transitional object reconsidered: Some sociocultural variations and their implications. Child Adol Soc Work J 1989, 6:38-51.
30. Rothbaum F., Rosen K., Ujiie T., et al. Family systems theory, attachment theory, and culture. Fam Process 2004, 41:328-350.
31. Farver J., Kim Y., Lee Y. Cultural differences in Korean- and Anglo-American preschoolers' social interaction and play behaviors. Child Dev 2008, 66:1088-1099.
32. Cole P., Bruschi C., Tamang B. Cultural differences in children's emotional reactions to difficult situations. Child Dev 2003, 73:983-996.
33. Lin C., Fu V. A comparison of child-rearing practices among Chinese. Immigrant Chinese, and Caucasian-American parents 2008, 61:429-433.
34. Markstrom C., Iborra A. Adolescent identity formation and rites of passage: the Navajo Kinaaldá ceremony for girls. J Res Adolesc 2003, 13(4):399-425.
35. Phinney J. Ethnic identity in adolescents and adults: review of research. Psychol Bull 1990, 10:499-514.
36. American Psychiatric Association Committee on black psychiatrists. Resolution against racism and racial discrimination and their adverse impacts on mental health Available at:, Accessed July 11, 2010. http://archive.psych.org/edu/other_res/lib_archives/archives/200603.pdf.
37. American Psychiatric Association Committee on Hispanic psychiatrists. Position statement on xenophobia, immigration, and mental health. Am J Psychiatry 2010, 167:726.
38. Roberts R., Phinney J., Masse L., et al. The structure of ethnic identity of young adolescents from diverse ethnocultural groups. J Early Adolesc 1999, 19:301-322.
39. Phinney J., Horenczyk G., Liebkind K., et al. Ethnic identity, immigration, and well being: an interactional perspective. J Soc Issues 2001, 57:493-510.
40. Wellman H., Cross D., Watson J. Meta-analysis of theory-of-mind development: the truth about false belief. Child Dev 2001, 72:655-684.
41. Vinden P. Children's understanding of mind and emotion: a multi-culture study. Available at: Accessed August 11, 2010. http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/title~db=all~content=t713682755~tab=issueslist~branches=13-v1313.
42. Lillard A. Developing a cultural theory of mind: the CIAO approach. Curr Dir Psychol Sci 1999, 8:57-61.
43. Markus H., Kitayama S. Culture and the self: implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation. Psychol Rev 1991, 98:224-253.
44. Ambady N., Bharucha J. Culture and the brain. Curr Dir Psychol Sci 2009, 18:342-345.
45. Tang Y., Zhang W., Chen K., et al. Arithmetic processing in the brain shaped by cultures. Proc Nat Acad Sci 2006, 103:10775-10780.
46. Gutchess A., Welsh R., Lu A., et al. Cultural differences in neural function associated with object processing. Cognit Affect Behav Neurosci 2006, 6:102-109.
47. Zhu Y., Zhang L., Fan J., et al. Neural basis of cultural influence on self-representation. NeuroImage 2007, 34:1310-1316.
48. Chiao J., Harada T., Komeda H., et al. Dynamic cultural influences on neural representations of the self. J Cogn Neurosci 2009, 22:1-11.
49. Pallier C., Dehaene S., Poline J., et al. Brain imaging of language plasticity in adopted adults: can a second language replace the first?. Cereb Cortex 2003, 13:155-161.
50. Kovelman I., Shalinsky M., Berens M., et al. Shining new light on the brain's ''bilingual signature'': a functional near infrared spectroscopy investigation of semantic processing. NeuroImage 2008, 39:1457-1471.
51. Chiao J., Iidaka T., Gordon H., et al. Cultural specificity in amygdale response to fear faces. J Cogn Neurosc 2008, 20:2167-2174.
52. Adams R., Rule N., Franklin R., et al. Cross-cultural reading the mind in the eyes: an fMRI investigation. J Cogn Neurosc 2009, 22:97-108.
53. Moriguchi Y., Ohnishi T., Kawachi T., et al. Specific brain activation in Japanese and Caucasian people to fearful faces. Neuroreport 2005, 16:133-136.
54. Baron-Cohen S., Wheelwright S., Hill J., et al. The ''Reading the Mind in the Eyes'' test revised version: a study with normal adults, and adults with Asperger syndrome or high-functioning autism. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2001, 42:241-251.
55. Kobayashia C., Gloverb G., Temple E. Cultural and linguistic effects on neural bases of 'Theory of Mind' in American and Japanese children. Brain Lang 2006, 98:210-220.
56. Rajecki D., Ivins B., Kidd R. Affiliation, xenophobia, and the behavioral organization of the young domestic chicken. Behav Biol 1977, 21:364-379.
57. Rajewski D., Lamb M., Suomi S. Effects of multiple peer separation in domestic chicks. Dev Psychol 1978, 14:379-387.
58. Suomi S., Harlow H., Domek C. Effects of repetitive infant-infant separation of young monkeys. J Abnorm Psychol 1970, 76:161-172.
59. Sackett G., Holm R., Ruppenthal G. Social isolation rearing: species differences in behavior of macaque monkeys. Dev Psychol 1976, 12:283-288.
60. Brown R. Prejudice: its social psychology 1995, Basil Blackwell, London.
61. Jones J. Prejudice and racism 1997, McGraw-Hill, New York. 2nd edition.
62. Brehm J. The intensity of emotion. Pers Soc Psychol Rev 1999, 3:2-22.
63. Devine P. Stereotypes and prejudice: their automatic and controlled components. J Pers Soc Psychol 1989, 44:20-33.
64. Bar-Haim Y., Ziv T., Lamy D., et al. Nature and nurture in own-race face processing. Psychol Sci 2006, 17:159-163.
65. Pettigrew T, Meertens R Subtle and blatant prejudice in Western Europe. Euro J Soc Psychol 1995, 25:57-75.
66. Northrup J.C., Bean R.A. Culturally competent family therapy with Latino Anglo-American adolescents: facilitating identity formation. Am J Fam Ther 2007, 35:251-263.
67. Kerwin C., Ponterotto J.G. Biracial identity development: theory and research. Handbook of multicultural counseling 1995, 199-217. Sage, Thousand Oaks (CA). J.P. Ponterotto, J.M. Casas, L.A. Suzuki (Eds.).
68. Wehrly B., Kenney K.R., Kenney M.E. Counseling multiracial families 1999, Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks (CA).
69. Root M.P. Resolving " other" status: identity development of biracial individuals. Diversity and complexity in feminist therapy 1990, 185-205. Haworth, New York. L.S. Brown, M.P. Root (Eds.).
70. Diller J.V. Cultural diversity: a primer for the human services 1999, Wadsworth Publishing Company, Toronto (ON).
71. Cauce A.M., Hiraga Y., Mason C., et al. Between a rock and a hard place: social adjustment of biracial youth. Racially mixed people in America 1992, 207-222. Sage, Newbury Park (CA). M.P. Root (Ed.).
72. LaFromboise T., Coleman H.L.K., Gerton J. Psychological impact of biculturalism: evidence and theory. Psychol Bull 1993, 114:395-412.
73. Rashid HM Promoting biculturalism in young African-American children. Young Child 1984, 39:13-23.
74. Bornstein M.H., Cote L.R. Introduction to acculturation and parent-child relationships. Acculturation and parent-child relationships: measurement and development 2006, 3-12. Lawrence Erlbaum, Mahwah (NJ). M.H. Bornstein, L.R. Cote (Eds.).
75. Rozek F. The role of internal conflict in the successful acculturation of Russian Jewish immigrants. Dissertation Abstracts International 1980, 41:2778. B. University Microfilms No. 8028799.
76. Kalyanpur M., Harry B. Culture in special education: building reciprocal family-professional relationships 1999, Paul H. Brookes Publishing, Inc, Baltimore (MD).
77. Turnbull A.P., Turnbull H.R., Shank M., et al. Exceptional lives: special education in today's schools 1999, Merrill/Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River (NJ). 2nd edition.
78. Harry B, Allen N, McLaughlin M Communication versus compliance: African-American parents' involvement in special education. Exceptional Children 1995, 61:364-377.
79. Bronson P, Merriman A. By third grade, Black students who self segregate are more popular. Newsweek, September 10th, 2009, Education Section. Available at: Accessed August 28, 2010. http://www.newsweek.com/blogs/nurture-shock/2009/09/10.html.
80. Rodkin P.C., Wilson T., Ahn H.J. Social integration between African American and European American children in majority black, majority white, and multicultural elementary classrooms. Social network analysis and children's peer relationships 2007, 25-42. Jossey-Bass, San Francisco (CA). P.C. Rodkin, L.D. Hanish (Eds.).
81. Cameron C.A., Ungar M., Liebenberg L. Cultural understandings of resilience: roots for wings in the development of affective resources for resilience. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 2007, 16:285-301.
82. Ungar M., Lee A.W., Callaghan T., et al. An international collaboration to study resilience in adolescents across cultures. J Soc Work Res 2005, 6(1):5-24.
83. Ungar M., Liebenberg L. The international resilience project: a mixed methods approach to the study of resilience across cultures. Handbook for working with children and youth: pathways to resilience across cultures and contexts 2005, 211-226. Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks (CA). M. Ungar (Ed.).
84. Houskamp B.M., Fisher L.A., Stuber M.L. Spirituality in children and adolescents: research findings and implications for clinicians and researchers. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 2004, 13:221-230.
85. Josephson A.M., Wiesner I.S. Worldview in psychiatric assessment. Handbook of spirituality and worldview in clinical practice 2004, 15-30. American Psychiatric Press, Inc, Washington, DC. A.M. Josephson, J.R. Peteet (Eds.).
86. Puchalski C.M., Romer A.L. Taking a spiritual history allows clinicians to understand patients more fully. J Palliat Med 2000, 3:129-137.
87. Matthews D, McCullough M, Larson D, et al. Religious commitment and health status: a review of the research and implications for family medicine. Arch Fam Med 1998, 7:118-124.
88. National Association of Black Social Workers Preserving families of black ancestry. 2003 Available at:, Accessed August 27, 2010. http://www.nabsw.org/mserver/PreservingFamilies.aspx.
89. Andujo E. Ethnic identity of transethnically adopted Hispanic adolescents. Social Work 1988, 33:531-535.
90. Johnson PR, Shireman JF, Watson KW Transracial adoption and the development of black identity at age eight. Child Welfare 1987, 66:45-55.
91. Vonk M.E. Cultural competence for transracial adoptive parents. Soc Work 2001, 46(3):246-255.
92. Greene R.R., Watkins M., McNutt I., et al. Diversity defined. Serving diverse constituencies 1998, 29-57. Aldine de Gruyter, New York. R.R. Greene, M. Watkins (Eds.).
93. McPhatter A.R. Cultural competence in child welfare: what is it? how do we achieve it? what happens without it?. Child Welfare 1997, 76:255-278.
94. Small M. Our babies, ourselves: how biology and culture shape the way we parent 1998, Anchor Books, New York.
95. Eckholm E, Zezima K. 6 Teenagers are charged after classmate's suicide. New York Times. March 29, 2010; U.S. section. Available at: Accessed July 15, 2010. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/30/us/30bully.html?pagewanted=1.