Anterior cruciate ligament injury: Diagnosis, management, and prevention

American Family Physician

Volumn 82, Issue 8, 2010, Pages 917-922

  Cimino, Francesca ^a   Volk, Bradford Scott ^b   Setter, Don ^b  

^a US Naval Hospital   (Japan)

^b Naval Hospital Bremerton   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT INJURY; ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT RECONSTRUCTION; ARTICLE; CHRONIC PAIN; CONSERVATIVE TREATMENT; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; DIAGNOSTIC TEST; EPIPHYSIS PLATE; HEMARTHROSIS; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; KNEE INSTABILITY; KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS; LACHMAN TEST; NEUROMUSCULAR FUNCTION; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; OSTEOARTHRITIS; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PATHOGENESIS; PHYSICAL EXAMINATION; PLYOMETRICS; PRIMARY PREVENTION; PROPRIOCEPTION; RANGE OF MOTION; RESISTANCE TRAINING; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SEX DIFFERENCE; SYNOVIAL FLUID; ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT; FEMALE; INJURY; INJURY SCALE; KNEE INJURY; MALE; METHODOLOGY; ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY; REVIEW; RUPTURE; UNITED STATES;

ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT; FEMALE; HUMANS; INCIDENCE; KNEE INJURIES; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; MALE; ORTHOPEDIC PROCEDURES; RUPTURE; TRAUMA SEVERITY INDICES; UNITED STATES;

EID: 78049513560     PISSN: 0002838X     EISSN: 0002838X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Calmbach WL, Hutchens M. Evaluation of patients presenting with knee pain: part I. History, physical examination, radiographs, and laboratory tests. Am Fam Physician. 2003;68(5):907-912.
2. Gianotti SM, Marshall SW, Hume PA, Bunt L. Incidence of anterior cruciate ligament injury and other knee ligament injuries: a national population-based study. J Sci Med Sport. 2009;12(6):622-627.
3. Griffin LY, Agel J, Albohm MJ, et al. Noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injuries: risk factors and prevention strategies. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2000;8(3):141-150.
4. Grindstaff TL, et al. Neuromuscular control training programs and noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injury rates in female athletes: a numbers-needed-to-treat analysis. J Athl Train. 2006;41(4):450-456.
5. McCarroll JR, et al. Anterior cruciate ligament injuries in the young athlete with open physes. Am J Sports Med. 1988;16(1):44-47.
6. Stevenson H, et al. Gender differences in knee injury epidemiology among competitive alpine ski racers. Iowa Orthop J. 1998;18:64-66.
7. Gwinn DE, Wilckens JH, McDevitt ER, Ross G, Kao TC. The relative incidence of anterior cruciate ligament injury in men and women at the United States Naval Academy. Am J Sports Med. 2000;28(1):98-102.
8. Mandelbaum BR, Silvers HJ, Watanabe DS, et al. Effectiveness of a neuromuscular and proprioceptive training program in preventing anterior cruciate ligament injuries in female athletes: 2-year follow-up. Am J Sports Med. 2005;33(7):1003-1010.
9. Myer GD, Ford KR, Barber Foss KD, Liu C, Nick TG, Hewett TE. The relationship of hamstrings and quadriceps strength to anterior cruciate ligament injury in female athletes. Clin J Sport Med. 2009;19(1):3-8.
10. Zazulak BT, et al. The effects of the menstrual cycle on anterior knee laxity: a systematic review. Sports Med. 2006;36(10):847-862.
11. Hewett TE, Myer GD, Ford KR. Anterior cruciate ligament injuries in female athletes: Part 1, mechanisms and risk factors. Am J Sports Med. 2006;34(2):299-311.
12. Alentorn-Geli E, Myer GD, Silvers HJ, et al. Prevention of non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injuries in soccer players. Part 1: Mechanisms of injury and underlying risk factors. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2009;17(7):705-729.
13. Negrete RJ, Schick EA, Cooper JP. Lower-limb dominance as a possible etiologic factor in noncontact anterior cruciate ligament tears. J Strength Cond Res. 2007;21(1):270-273.
14. Hewett TE, Ford KR, Myer GD. Anterior cruciate ligament injuries in female athletes: Part 2, a meta-analysis of neuromuscular interventions aimed at injury prevention. Am J Sports Med. 2006;34(3):490-498.
15. Myer GD, Ford KR, Paterno MV, Nick TG, Hewett TE. The effects of generalized joint laxity on risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury in young female athletes. Am J Sports Med. 2008;36(6):1073-1080.
16. Chaudhari AM, et al. Anterior cruciate ligament-injured subjects have smaller anterior cruciate ligaments than matched controls: a magnetic resonance imaging study. Am J Sports Med. 2009;37(7):1282-1287.
17. Huston LJ, Wojtys EM. Neuromuscular performance characteristics in elite female athletes. Am J Sports Med. 1996;24(4):427-436.
18. Anderson AF, Dome DC, Gautam S, Awh MH, Rennirt GW. Correlation of anthropometric measurements, strength, anterior cruciate ligament size, and intercondylar notch characteristics to sex differences in anterior cruciate ligament tear rates. Am J Sports Med. 2001;29(1):58-66.
19. Bjordal JM, Arnly F, Hannestad B, Strand T. Epidemiology of anterior cruciate ligament injuries in soccer. Am J Sports Med. 1997;25(3):341-345.
20. Hootman JM, Dick R, Agel J. Epidemiology of collegiate injuries for 15 sports: summary and recommendations for injury prevention initiatives. J Athl Train. 2007;42(2):311-319.
21. Shimokochi Y, Shultz SJ. Mechanisms of noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injury. J Athl Train. 2008;43(4):396-408.
22. Hardaker WT Jr, Garrett WE Jr, Bassett FH III. Evaluation of acute traumatic hemarthrosis of the knee joint. South Med J. 1990;83(6):640-644.
23. Shelbourne KD, Rowdon GA. Anterior cruciate ligament injury. The competitive athlete. Sports Med. 1994;17(2):132-140.
24. Solomon DH, et al. The rational clinical examination. Does this patient have a torn meniscus or ligament of the knee? Value of the physical examination. JAMA. 2001;286(13):1610-1620.
25. Spindler KP, Wright RW. Clinical practice. Anterior cruciate ligament tear. N Engl J Med. 2008;359(20):2135-2142.
26. Crawford R, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging versus arthroscopy in the diagnosis of knee pathology, concentrating on meniscal lesions and ACL tears: a systematic review. Br Med Bull. 2007;84:5-23.
27. Eastlack ME, Axe MJ, Snyder-Mackler L. Laxity, instability, and functional outcome after ACL injury: copers versus noncopers. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1999;31(2):210-215.
28. Barrack RL, Bruckner JD, Kneisl J, Inman WS, Alexander AH. The outcome of nonoperatively treated complete tears of the anterior cruciate ligament in active young adults. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1990;(259):192-199.
29. Hawkins RJ, et al. Followup of the acute nonoperated isolated anterior cruciate ligament tear. Am J Sports Med. 1986;14(3):205-210.
30. Linko E, Harilainen A, Malmivaara A, Seitsalo S. Surgical versus conservative interventions for anterior cruciate ligament ruptures in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005;(2):CD001356.
31. Frobell RB, et al. A randomized trial of treatment for acute anterior cruciate ligament tears. N Engl J Med. 2010;363(4):331-342.
32. Lohmander LS, Englund PM, Dahl LL, Roos EM. The long-term consequence of anterior cruciate ligament and meniscus injuries: osteoarthritis. Am J Sports Med. 2007;35(10):1756-1769.
33. Olsen OE, et al. Exercises to prevent lower limb injuries in youth sports: cluster randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2005;330(7489):449.
34. Gilchrist J, Mandelbaum BR, Melancon H, et al. A randomized controlled trial to prevent noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injury in female collegiate soccer players. Am J Sports Med. 2008;36(8):1476-1483.
35. Caraffa A, et al. Prevention of anterior cruciate ligament injuries in soccer. A prospective controlled study of proprioceptive training. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 1996;4(1):19-21.
36. Myklebust G, Maehlum S, Holm I, Bahr R. A prospective cohort study of anterior cruciate ligament injuries in elite Norwegian team handball. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 1998;8(3):149-153.