Mid-infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy with a broadband frequency comb

Optics Express

Volumn 18, Issue 21, 2010, Pages 21861-21872

  Adler, Florian ^a   Maslowski, Piotr ^a,c   Foltynowicz, Aleksandra ^a   Cossel, Kevin C ^a   Briles, Travis C ^a   Hartl, Ingmar ^b   Ye, Jun ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO   (United States)

^b IMRA AMERICA INC   (United States)

^c NICOLAUS COPERNICUS UNIVERSITY   (Poland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ABSORPTION; ETHANE; FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; INFRARED DEVICES; METHANE; NITROGEN OXIDES; SPECTROMETERS; SPECTROSCOPY;

ABSORPTION BAND; BROADBAND ABSORPTION SPECTRA; BROADBAND FREQUENCY; CONCENTRATION MEASUREMENT; DETECTION LIMITS; FOURIER TRANSFORM SPECTROMETERS; FOURIER TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY; FREQUENCY COMBS; INTEGRATION TIME; MAXIMUM RESOLUTION; MIDINFRARED; MOLECULAR FINGERPRINT; NEAR-REAL TIME; NITROUS OXIDE; NOISE FLOOR; SIMULTANEOUS ANALYSIS; SPECTRAL FEATURE; SPECTRAL REGION; TRACE GAS DETECTION;

FOURIER TRANSFORMS;

1,3 BUTADIENE DERIVATIVE; BIOLOGICAL MARKER; ETHANE; HEMITERPENE; ISOPRENE; METHANE; NITROUS OXIDE; PENTANE;

ARTICLE; CHEMISTRY; EQUIPMENT DESIGN; HUMAN; INFRARED SPECTROPHOTOMETRY; INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; METABOLISM; METHODOLOGY; OPTICS; STATISTICAL MODEL; TIME;

BIOLOGICAL MARKERS; BUTADIENES; EQUIPMENT DESIGN; ETHANE; HEMITERPENES; HUMANS; METHANE; MODELS, STATISTICAL; NITROUS OXIDE; OPTICS AND PHOTONICS; PENTANES; SPECTROPHOTOMETRY, INFRARED; SPECTROSCOPY, FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED; TIME FACTORS;

EID: 78049490431     PISSN: None     EISSN: 10944087     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1364/OE.18.021861     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. P. M. Cox, R. A. Betts, C. D. Jones, S. A. Spall, and I. J. Totterdell, "Acceleration of global warming due to carbon-cycle feedbacks in a coupled climate model", Nature 408(6809), 184-187 (2000).
2. P. A. Stott, and J. A. Kettleborough, "Origins and estimates of uncertainty in predictions of twenty-first century temperature rise", Nature 416(6882), 723-726 (2002).
3. D. J. Karoly, K. Braganza, P. A. Stott, J. M. Arblaster, G. A. Meehl, A. J. Broccoli, and K. W. Dixon, "Detection of a human influence on North American climate", Science 302(5648), 1200-1203 (2003).
4. J. Houghton, "Global warming", Rep. Prog. Phys. 68(6), 1343-1403 (2005).
5. T. H. Risby, and S. F. Solga, "Current status of clinical breath analysis", Appl. Phys. B 85 (2-3), 421-426 (2006).
6. W. Cao, and Y. Duan, "Current status of methods and techniques for breath analysis", Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem. 37(1), 3-13 (2007).
7. P. R. Griffith, and J. A. de Haseth, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry, 2nd edition (John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, New Jersey, 2007).
8. D. Richter, A. Fried, and P. Weibring, "Difference frequency generation laser based spectrometers", Laser & Photon. Rev. 3(4), 343-354 (2009).
9. M. J. Thorpe, K. D. Moll, R. J. Jones, B. Safdi, and J. Ye, "Broadband cavity ringdown spectroscopy for sensitive and rapid molecular detection", Science 311(5767), 1595-1599 (2006).
10. S. A. Diddams, L. Hollberg, and V. Mbele, "Molecular fingerprinting with the resolved modes of a femtosecond laser frequency comb", Nature 445(7128), 627-630 (2007).
11. C. Gohle, B. Stein, A. Schliesser, Th. Udem, and T. W. Hänsch, "Frequency comb Vernier spectroscopy for broadband, high-resolution, high-sensitivity absorption and dispersion spectra", Phys. Rev. Lett. 99(26), 263902 (2007).
12. F. Adler, M. J. Thorpe, K. C. Cossel, and J. Ye, "Cavity-enhanced direct frequency comb spectroscopy: technology and applications", Annu. Rev. Anal. Chem. 3(1), 175-205 (2010).
13. S. Schiller, "Spectrometry with frequency combs", Opt. Lett. 27(9), 766-768 (2002).
14. A. Schliesser, M. Brehm, F. Keilmann, and D. W. van der Weide, "Frequency-comb infrared spectrometer for rapid, remote chemical sensing", Opt. Express 13(22), 9029-9038 (2005), http://www.opticsexpress. org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-13-22-9029.
15. K. A. Tillman, R. R. J. Maier, D. T. Reid, and E. D. McNaghten, "Mid-infrared absorption spectroscopy across a 14.4 THz spectral range using a broadband femtosecond optical parametric oscillator", Appl. Phys. Lett. 85(16), 3366-3368 (2004).
16. L. W. Kornaszewski, N. Gayraud, J. M. Stone, W. N. Macpherson, A. K. George, J. C. Knight, D. P. Hand, and D. T. Reid, "Mid-infrared methane detection in a photonic bandgap fiber using a broadband optical parametric oscillator", Opt. Express 15(18), 11219-11224 (2007), http://www. opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-15-18-11219.
17. E. Sorokin, I. T. Sorokina, J. Mandon, G. Guelachvili, and N. Picqué, "Sensitive multiplex spectroscopy in the molecular fingerprint 2.4 μm region with a Cr2+:ZnSe femtosecond laser", Opt. Express 15(25), 16540-16545 (2007), http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm? URI=OPEX-15-25-16540.
18. I. Coddington, W. C. Swann, and N. R. Newbury, "Coherent multiheterodyne spectroscopy using stabilized optical frequency combs", Phys. Rev. Lett. 100(1), 013902 (2008).
19. J. Mandon, G. Guelachvili, and N. Picqué, "Fourier transform spectrometry with a laser frequency comb", Nat. Photonics 3(2), 99-102 (2009).
20. S. Kassi, K. Didriche, C. Lauzin, Xde. G. Vaernewijckb, A. Rizopoulos, and M. Herman, "Demonstration of cavity enhanced FTIR spectroscopy using a femtosecond laser absorption source", Spectrochim. Acta A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc. 75(1), 142-145 (2010).
21. B. Bernhardt, A. Ozawa, P. Jacquet, M. Jacquey, Y. Kobayashi, Th. Udem, R. Holzwarth, G. Guelachvili, T. W. Hänsch, and N. Picqué, "Cavity-enhanced dual-comb spectroscopy", Nat. Photonics 4(1), 55-57 (2010).
22. I. Coddington, W. C. Swann, and N. R. Newbury, "Coherent Dual Comb Spectroscopy at High Signal to Noise", http://arxiv.org/abs/1001.3865v1.
23. M. B. Esler, D. W. T. Griffith, S. R. Wilson, and L. P. Steele, "Precision Trace Gas Analysis by FT-IR Spectroscopy: 1. Simultaneous Analysis of CO2, CH4, N2O, and CO in Air", Anal. Chem. 72(1), 206-215 (2000).
24. E. D. Schulze, S. Luyssaert, P. Ciais, A. Freibauer, I. A. Janssens et al, E. D. Schulze, J. F. Soussana, P. Smith, J. Grace, I. Levin, B. Thiruchittampalam, M. Heimann, A. J. Dolman, R. Valentini, P. Bousquet, P. Peylin, W. Peters, C. Rödenbeck, G. Etiope, N. Vuichard, M. Wattenbach, G. J. Nabuurs, Z. Poussi, J. Nieschulze, and J. H. Gash, "Importance of methane and nitrous oxide for Europe's terrestrial greenhouse-gas balance", Nat. Geosci. 2(12), 842-850 (2009).
25. 2O): the dominant ozone-depleting substance emitted in the 21st century", Science 326(5949), 123-125 (2009).
26. 2 uncouples growth from isoprene emission in an agriforest ecosystem", Nature 421(6920), 256-259 (2003).
27. W. Lei, M. Zavala, B. de Foy, R. Volkamer, M. J. Molina, and L. T. Molina, "Impact of primary formaldehyde on air pollution in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area", Atmos. Chem. Phys. 9(7), 2607-2618 (2009).
28. W. Miekisch, J. K. Schubert, and G. F. E. Noeldge-Schomburg, "Diagnostic potential of breath analysis-focus on volatile organic compounds", Clin. Chim. Acta 347 (1-2), 25-39 (2004).
29. K. D. Skeldon, L. C. McMillan, C. A. Wyse, S. D. Monk, G. Gibson, C. Patterson, T. France, C. Longbottom, and M. J. Padgett, "Application of laser spectroscopy for measurement of exhaled ethane in patients with lung cancer", Respir. Med. 100(2), 300-306 (2006).
30. M. R. McCurdy, Y. Bakhirkin, G. Wysocki, R. Lewicki, and F. K. Tittel, "Recent advances of laserspectroscopy-based techniques for applications in breath analysis", J. Breath Res. 1(1), 014001 (2007).
31. F. Adler, K. C. Cossel, M. J. Thorpe, I. Hartl, M. E. Fermann, and J. Ye, "Phase-stabilized, 1.5 W frequency comb at 2.8-4.8 microm", Opt. Lett. 34(9), 1330-1332 (2009).
32. Mentioning of company names is for technical communication only and does not represent an endorsement of certain products or manufacturers.
33. L. S. Rothman, I. E. Gordon, A. Barbe, D. Chris Benner, P. F. Bernath, M. Birk, V. Boudon, L. R. Brown, A. Campargue, J.-P. Champion, K. Chance, L. H. Coudert, V. Dana, V. M. Devi, S. Fally, J.-M. Flaud, R. R. Gamache, A. Goldman, D. Jacquemart, I. Kleiner, N. Lacome, W. J. Lafferty, J.-Y. Mandin, S. T. Massie, S. N. Mikhailenko, C. E. Miller, N. Moazzen-Ahmadi, O. V. Naumenko, A. V. Nikitin, J. Orphal, V. I. Perevalov, A. Perrin, A. Predoi-Cross, C. P. Rinsland, M. Rotger, M. Šimečková, M. A. H. Smith, K. Sung, S. A. Tashkun, J. Tennyson, R. A. Toth, A. C. Vandaele, and J. Vander Auwera, "The HITRAN 2008 molecular spectroscopic database", J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. 110 (9-10), 533-572 (2009).
34. S. W. Sharpe, T. J. Johnson, R. L. Sams, P. M. Chu, G. C. Rhoderick, and P. A. Johnson, "Gas-phase databases for quantitative infrared spectroscopy", Appl. Spectrosc. 58(12), 1452-1461 (2004).
35. D. Marquardt, "An Algorithm for Least-Squares Estimation of Nonlinear Parameters", SIAM J. Appl. Math. 11(2), 431-441 (1963).
36. M. J. Thorpe, and J. Ye, "Cavity-enhanced direct frequency comb spectroscopy", Appl. Phys. B 91 (3-4), 397-414 (2008).
37. D. Benner, C. P. Rinsland, V. M. Devi, M. A. H. Smith, and D. Atkins, "A multispectrum nonlinear least squares fitting technique", J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. 53(6), 705-721 (1995).
38. Y. Qu, Z. H. Kang, Y. Jiang, and J. Y. Gao, "Multiline absorption spectroscopy for methane gas detection", Appl. Opt. 45(33), 8537-8540 (2006).
39. A. Karpf, and G. N. Rao, "Enhanced sensitivity for the detection of trace gases using multiple line integrated absorption spectroscopy", Appl. Opt. 48(27), 5061-5066 (2009).
40. P. Domachuk, N. A. Wolchover, M. Cronin-Golomb, A. Wang, A. K. George, C. M. B. Cordeiro, J. C. Knight, and F. G. Omenetto, "Over 4000 nm bandwidth of mid-IR supercontinuum generation in sub-centimeter segments of highly nonlinear tellurite PCFs", Opt. Express 16(10), 7161-7168 (2008), http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-16-10-7161.
41. M. El-Amraoui, J. Fatome, J. C. Jules, B. Kibler, G. Gadret, C. Fortier, F. Smektala, I. Skripatchev, C. F. Polacchini, Y. Messaddeq, J. Troles, L. Brilland, M. Szpulak, and G. Renversez, "Strong infrared spectral broadening in low-loss As-S chalcogenide suspended core microstructured optical fibers", Opt. Express 18(5), 4547-4556 (2010), http://www.opticsexpress. org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-18-5-4547.
42. T. Gherman, S. Kassi, A. Campargue, and D. Romanini, "Overtone spectroscopy in the blue region by cavityenhanced absorption spectroscopy with a mode-locked femtosecond laser: application to acetylene", Chem. Phys. Lett. 383, 353-358 (2004).
43. W. Demtröder, Laser Spectroscopy Vol. 2, Experimental Techniques, 4th edition (Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg, 2008).
44. C. Wieman, and T. W. Hänsch, "Doppler-Free Laser Polarization Spectroscopy", Phys. Rev. Lett. 36(20), 1170-1173 (1976).
45. Z. S. Li, M. Rupinski, J. Zetterberg, Z. T. Alwahabi, and M. Aldén, "Detection of methane with mid-infrared polarization spectroscopy", Appl. Phys. B 79(2), (2004).