The actualizing and formative tendencies: Prioritizing the motivational constructs of the person-centered approach;Die aktualisierungstendenz und die formative tendenz: Prioritäten setzen bei den motivationalen konstrukten des personzentrierten ansatzes

Person-Centered and Experiential Psychotherapies

Volumn 6, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 129-140

  Cornelius White, Jeffrey H D ^a  

^a MISSOURI STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Actualizing tendency; Formative tendency; Multicultural; Positive interdependence; Self determination

Indexed keywords

EID: 78049483316     PISSN: 14779757     EISSN: 17529182     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/14779757.2007.9688436     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Angyal, A. (1951). A theoretical model for personality studies. Journal of Personality, 20, 131-142.
2. Barrett-Lennard, G. (1994). Toward a person-centered theory of community. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 34, 62-86.
3. Beutler, L.E., Clarkin, J. Crago, M., & Bergan, J. (1991). Client-therapist matching. In C.R. Snyder & D.R. Forsyth (Eds.), Handbook of social and clinical psychology: The health perspective (pp. 669-716). New York: Pergamon Press.
4. Bozarth, J.D. (1985). Quantum theory and the person-centered approach. Journal of Counseling and Development, 64, 179-181.
5. Bozarth, J.D. (1998). The person-centered approach: A revolutionary paradigm. Ross-on-Wye: PCCS Books.
6. Brodley, B.T. (2005a). Client-centered values limit the application of research findings: An issue for discussion. In S. Joseph & R. Worsley (Eds.), Person-centred psychopathology: A positive psychology of mental health (pp. 310-316). Ross-on-Wye: PCCS Books.
7. Brodley, B.T. (2005b). Introduction: About the nondirective attitude. In B.E. Levitt (Ed.), Embracing non-directivity: Reassessing person-centered theory and practice in the 21st century (pp. 1-4). Rosson-Wye: PCCS Books.
8. Burstow, B. (1987). Humanistic psychotherapy and the issue of equality. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 27, 9-25.
9. Cornelius-White, J.H.D. (2002, August). On constructing a nondirective multicultural revision of the person-centered therapy theory (1959). Paper presented at the Annual Conference of the Association for the Development of the Person-Centered Approach, Cleveland, OH.
10. Cornelius-White, J.H.D. (2003a). The analyzed nondirectiveness of a brief, effective person-centered practice. The Person-Centered Journal, 10, 23-30.
11. Cornelius-White, J.H.D. (2003b). The effectiveness of a nondirective person-centered practice. The Person-Centered Journal, 10, 31-38.
12. Cornelius-White, J.H.D. (2003c) Person-centered multicultural counseling: Rebutted critiques and revisited goals. Person-Centered Practice, 11, 3-11.
13. Cornelius-White, J.H.D. (2004). Maintain and enhance: An integrative view of person-centered and process differentiated diagnostics. Person-Centered and Experiential Psychotherapies, 3, 268-276.
14. Cornelius-White, J.H.D. (2006, August). Environmental responsibility, the formative tendency and well-being. Person-Centered Quarterly, 11-12.
15. Cornelius-White, J.H.D. (2007). Learner-centered teacher-student relationships are effective: A meta-analysis. Review of Educational Research, 77, 1-31.
16. Cornelius-White, J.H.D. (in press). Congruence. In M. Cooper, P.F. Schmid, M. O'Hara & G. Wyatt (Eds.) The handbook of person-centred therapy. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
17. Cornelius-White, J.H.D., & Brown, R.D. (2006). Politicizing school reform through the personcentered approach: Mandate and advocacy. In G. Proctor, M. Cooper, P. Sanders, & B. Malcolm (Eds.), Politicizing the person-centred approach: An agenda for social change (pp. 263-269). Ross-on-Wye: PCCS Books.
18. Cornelius-White, J.H.D., & Cornelius-White, C.F. (2004). Diagnosing person-centered and experiential psychotherapies: An analysis of the PCE 2003 programming. Person-Centered and Experiential Psychotherapies, 3, 166-175.
19. Cornelius-White, J.H.D., & Cornelius-White, C.F. (2005). Trust builds learning: Context and effectiveness of nondirectivity in education. In B. Levitt (Ed.), Embracing non-directivity: Reassessing person-centered theory and practice in the 21st century (pp. 314-323). Ross-on-Wye: PCCS Books.
20. Cornelius-White, J.H.D., & Godfrey, P. (2004). Pedagogical crossroads: Integrating feminist critical pedagogies and the person-centered approach to education. In G. Proctor & M. Napier (Eds.), Encountering feminism: Intersections between feminism and the person-centred approach (pp. 166-178). Ross-on-Wye: PCCS Books.
21. Cornelius-White, J.H.D., & Harbaugh, A.P. (in press). Learner-centered relationships: The effectiveness of teacher care. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
22. Cornelius-White, J.H.D., & Kriz, J. (in press). The formative tendency: Person-Centered systems theory, interdependence and human potential. In B. Levitt (Ed.) Reflections on human potential: Bridging the person-centred approach and positive psychology. Ross-on-Wye, UK: PCCS Books.
23. Elliott, R. (2002). Research on the effectiveness of humanistic therapies: A meta-analysis. In D. Cain & J. Seeman (Eds.), Humanistic psychotherapies: A handbook of research and practice (pp. 57-81). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
24. Gazzola, V., Aziz-Zadeh, L., & Keysers, C. (2006). Empathy and the somatotopic auditory mirror system in humans. Current Biology, 16, 1824-1829.
25. Grant, B. (2004). The imperative of ethical justification in psychotherapy: The special case of client-centered therapy. Person-Centered and Experiential Psychotherapies, 3, 152-165.
26. Johnson, D.W., & Johnson, R. (1989). Cooperation and competition: Theory and research. Edina, MN: Interaction Book Company.
27. Johnson, D.W., & Johnson, R. (1994). Learning together and alone: Cooperative, competitive, and individualistic learning (4th ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
28. Kriz, J. (2006). Self-actualization. Norderstedt: Books on Demand.
29. Kriz, J. (2007). Actualizing Tendency: The link between person-centered and experiential psychotherapy and interdisciplinary systems theory. Person-Centered and Experiential Psychotherapies, 6, 30-44.
30. MacDougall, C. (2002). Rogers' person-centered approach: Consideration for use in multicultural counseling. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 42, 48-65.
31. Mearns, D., & Thorne, B. (2000). Person-centered therapy today: New frontiers in theory and practice. London: Sage.
32. Mountford, C.P. (2006, August). A pilgrim at Candle Creek Falls. Person-Centered Quarterly, 6-10.
33. O'Hara, M. (2007). Psychological literacy for an emerging global society-Another look at Rogers' "persons of tomorrow as a model." Person-Centered and Experiential Psychotherapies, 6, 45-60.
34. O'Hara, M., & Wood, J.K. (1983). Patterns of awareness: Consciousness and the group mind. The Gestalt Journal, 6, 103-116.
35. Oskamp, S. (2000). A sustainable future for humanity? American Psychologist, 55, 496-508.
36. Prouty, G. (1994). Theoretical evolutions in person-centered/experiential therapy. Westport, CT: Praeger.
37. Rogers, C.R. (1951). Client-centered therapy. London: Constable.
38. Rogers, C.R. (1959). A theory of therapy, personality, and interpersonal relationship as developed in the client-centered framework. In S. Koch (Ed.), Psychology: A study of science. Formulations of the person and the social context (pp. 184-256). New York: McGraw-Hill.
39. Rogers, C.R. (1977). Carl Rogers on personal power. New York: Dell Publishing.
40. Rogers, C.R. (1978). The formative tendency. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 18, 23-26.
41. Rogers, C.R. (1980). A way of being. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
42. Rogers, C.R., & Russell, D.E. (2002). Carl Rogers the quiet revolutionary: An oral history. Roseville, CA: Panmarin Books.
43. Rogers, C.R., Cornelius-White, J.H.D., & Cornelius-White, C.F. (2005). Reminiscing and predicting: Rogers's beyond words speech and commentary. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 45, 383-396.
44. Sanders, P. (2005, November). Self-evaluation. Person-Centered Quarterly, 1-4.
45. Schmid, P.F. (2001). Authenticity: The person as his or her own author: Dialogical and ethical perspectives on therapy as an encounter relationship. And beyond. In G. Wyatt (Ed.), Rogers' therapeutic conditions: Evolution, theory, and practice Volume 1: Congruence (pp. 213-228). Ross-on-Wye: PCCS Books.
46. Schmid, P.F. (2005). Facilitative responsiveness: Non-directiveness from anthropological, epistemological and ethical perspectives. In B.E. Levitt (Ed.), Embracing non-directivity: Reassessing person-centered theory and practice in the 21st century (pp. 75-95). Ross-on-Wye: PCCS-Books.
47. Seeman, J. (2001). On congruence: A human system paradigm. In G. Wyatt (Ed.) Rogers' therapeutic conditions: Evolution, theory, and practice. Volume 1: Congruence (pp. 200-212). Ross-on-Wye: PCCS Books.
48. Segrera, A. (2004, July). The person-centered approach in Mexico. Paper presented at the Annual Conference of the Association for the Development of the Person-Centered Approach, Anchorage, AK.
49. Sue, D.W., & Sue, D. (2003). Counseling the culturally diverse: Theory and practice (4th ed.). New York: Wiley & Sons.
50. Van Belle, H. A. (1980). Basic intent and therapeutic approach of Carl R. Rogers. Toronto, Canada: Wedge Publishing.
51. Wyatt, G. (2004, September). Widening circles: An exploration of congruence, identity and diversity. Keynote address at British Association for the Person-Centred Approach Conference, Loughborough University, UK.