The position and context of Middle Palaeolithic industries from the Ebbsfleet Valley, Kent, UK

Journal of Quaternary Science

Volumn 25, Issue 6, 2010, Pages 931-944

  Scott, Beccy ^a   Ashton, Nick ^a   Penkman, Kirsty E H ^b   Preece, Richard C ^c   White, Mark ^d  

^a BRITISH MUSEUM   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF YORK   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

^d DURHAM UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Archaeology; Early middle palaeolithic; Levallois; Lower thames; MIS 7

Indexed keywords

ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE; ARCHAEOLOGY; ARTIFACT; HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE; HUMAN SETTLEMENT; MARINE ISOTOPE STAGE; PALEOCLIMATE; PALEOENVIRONMENT; PALEOLITHIC; PLEISTOCENE; STRATIGRAPHIC CORRELATION;

EBBSFLEET VALLEY; ENGLAND; KENT; UNITED KINGDOM;

EID: 78049458847     PISSN: 02678179     EISSN: 10991417     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/jqs.1373     Document Type: Article

References (73)

1. Abbott WJL. 1911. On the classification of British Stone Age industries and some new, little known well marked horizons and cultures. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 41: 458-481.
2. Aldhouse-Green SH. 1988. Pontnewydd Cave: the selection of raw materials for artefact manufacture and the question of natural damage. In Non-Flint Stone Tools and the Palaeolithic Occupation of Britain, MacRae RJ, Moloney N (eds). BAR British Series 189: Oxford; 223-242.
3. Ashton N. 1998. Flint analysis methodology. In Excavations at the Lower Palaeolithic site at East Farm, Barnham, Suffolk 1989-94, Ashton NM, Lewis SG, Parfitt SA (eds). British Museum Press: London; 288-291.
4. Ashton NM, Lewis SG. 2002. Deserted Britain: declining populations in the British Late Middle Pleistocene. Antiquity 76: 388-296.
5. Ashton NM, Jacobi RM, White MJ. 2003. The dating of Levallois sites in West London. Quaternary Newsletter 99: 25-32.
6. Ashton NM, Lewis SG, Parfitt SA, Penkman KEH, Coope GR. 2008. New evidence for complex climate change in MIS 11 from Hoxne, Suffolk, UK. Quaternary Science Reviews 27: 652-668.
7. Bridgland DR. 1994. The Quaternary of the Thames. Chapman & Hall: London.
8. Burchell JPT. 1933. The Northfleet 50-ft Submergence later than the Coombe Rock of post-Early Mousterian times. Archaeologia 83: 67-93.
9. Burchell JPT. 1935. Evidence of a further glacial episode within the Valley of the Lower Thames. Geological Magazine 72: 90-91.
10. Burchell JPT. 1936a. Evidence of a late glacial episode within the Valley of the Lower Thames. Geological Magazine 73: 91-92.
11. Burchell JPT. 1936b. A final note on the Ebbsfleet Channel Series. Geological Magazine 73: 550-554.
12. Burchell JPT. 1936c. Hand-axes later than the Main Coombe-Rock of the Lower Thames Valley. Antiquaries Journal 16: 260-264.
13. Burchell JPT. 1938. Some recent discoveries in the Ebbsfleet Valley. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 4: 336.
14. Burchell JPT. 1954. Loessic deposits in the fifty-foot terrace post-dating the Main Coombe Rock of Baker's Hole, Northfleet, Kent. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 65: 256-261.
15. Burchell JPT. 1957. A temperate bed of the last inter-glacial period at Northfleet, Kent. Geological Magazine 94: 212-214.
16. Canti M. 1998. Origin of calcium carbonate granules found in buried soils and Quaternary deposits. Boreas 27: 275-288.
17. Canti M. 2007. Deposition and taphonomy of earthworm granules in relation to their interpretive potential in Quaternary stratigraphy. Journal of Quaternary Science 22: 111-118.
18. Carreck JN. 1972. Chronology of the Quaternary deposits of south-east England, with special reference to their vertebrate faunas. MPhil thesis, Queen Mary and Westfield College.
19. Coulson SD. 1990. Middle Palaeolithic Industries of Great Britain. Holos: Bonn.
20. Dewey H. 1930. Palaeolithic Thames deposits. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society of East Anglia 6: 146-155.
21. Dewey H. 1932. The Palaeolithic deposits of the Lower Thames Valley. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London 88: 35-56.
22. Féblot-Augustins J. 1999. Raw material transport patterns and settlement systems in the European Lower and Middle Palaeolithic: continuity, change and variability. In The Middle Palaeolithic Occupation of Europe, Gamble CS, Roebroeks W (eds). University of Leiden: Leiden; 193-214.
23. Gamble CS. 1995. The earliest occupation of Europe: the environmental background. In The Earliest Occupation of Europe, Gamble CS, Roebroeks W (eds). University of Leiden: Leiden; 279-295.
24. Gamble CS, Roebroeks W. 1999. The Middle Palaeolithic: a point of inflection. In The Middle Palaeolithic Occupation of Europe, Gamble CS, Roebroeks W (eds). University of Leiden Press: Leiden; 3-21.
25. Gaudzinski S. 1999. The faunal record of the Lower and Middle Palaeolithic of Europe: remarks on human interference. In The Middle Palaeolithic Occupation of Europe, Gamble CS, Roebroeks W (eds). University of Leiden Press: Leiden; 215-233.
26. Geneste J-M. 1985. Analyse lithique des industries Moustériennes du Périgord: une approche technologique du comportement des groups au Paléolithique moyen. Thesis, Université de Bordeaux.
27. Green SH. 1984. Pontnewydd Cave: A Lower Palaeolithic Hominid Site in Wales. National Museum of Wales: Cardiff.
28. Guthrie RD. 1984. Mosaics, allelochemics and nutrients: an ecological theory of late Pleistocene megafaunal extinctions. In Quaternary Extinctions: A Prehistoric Revolution, Martin P, Klein R (eds). University of Arizona Press: Tuscon, AZ; 259-298.
29. Guthrie RD. 1990. Frozen Fauna of the Mammoth Steppe. Chicago. University Press: Chicago, IL.
30. Hammarlund D, Keen DH. 1994. A Late Weichselian stable isotope and molluscan stratigraphy from southern Sweden. Geologiska Föreningens i Stockholm Förhandlingar 116: 235-248.
31. Hosfield RT, Chambers J. 2002. The Lower Palaeolithic site of Broom: geoarchaeological implications of optical dating. Lithics 23: 33-42.
32. Kaufman DS, Manley WF. 1998. A new procedure for determining DL amino acid ratios in fossils using reverse phase liquid chromatography. Quaternary Science Reviews 17: 987-1000.
33. Keen DH. 1990. Significance of the record provided by Pleistocene fluvial deposits and their included molluscan faunas for palaeoenvironmental reconstruction and stratigraphy: case studies from the English Midlands. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 80: 25-34.
34. Kemp RA. 1991. Micromorphology of the buried Quaternary soil within Burchell's 'Ebbsfleet Channel', Kent. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 102: 275-287.
35. Kemp RA. 1995. The Middle and Upper Loam at Northfleet. In The Quaternary of the Lower Reaches of the Thames: Field Guide, Bridgl DR, Allen P, Haggart BA (eds). Quaternary Research Association: Durham, UK; 165-166.
36. Kerney MP, Sieveking, G, de G. 1977. Northfleet. In South East England and the Thames Valley: Guide Book for Excursion A5, X INQUA Congress, Birmingham, Shepherd-Thorn ER, Wymer JJ (eds). Geoabstracts: Norwich, UK; 44-46.
37. Lister AM, Sher AV. 2001. The origin and evolution of the woolly mammoth. Science 294: 1094-1097.
38. Locht J-L, Guerlin O, Antoine P, Debenham N. 2000. Therdonne: 'Le Mont de Bourguillemont'. Document Final de Synthèse, SRA Picardie 5, 56 pp.
39. Meijer T, Preece RC. 2000. A review of the occurrence of Corbicula in the Pleistocene of north-west Europe. Geologie en Mijnbouw/ Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 79: 241-255.
40. Newcomer MH. 1984. Flaking experiments with Pontnewydd raw materials. In Pontnewydd Cave: A Lower Palaeolithic Hominid Site in Wales, Green HS (ed.). National Museum of Wales: Cardiff; 153-158.
41. Penkman KEH. 2005. Amino acid geochronology: a closed system approach to test and refine the UK model. PhD thesis, University of Newcastle.
42. Penkman KEH, Preece RC, Keen DH, Maddy D, Schreve DC, Collins MJ. 2007. Testing the aminostratigraphy of fluvial archives: the evidence from intra-crystalline proteins within freshwater shells. Quaternary Science Reviews 26: 2958-2969.
43. Penkman KEH, Kaufman DS, Maddy D, Collins MJ. 2008a. Closed-system behaviour of the intra-crystalline fraction of amino acids in mollusc shells. Quaternary Geochronology 3: 2-25.
44. Penkman KEH, Preece RC, Keen DH, Collins M. 2008b. British Aggregates: An Improved Chronology Using Amino Acid Racemization and Degradation of Intra-Crystalline Amino Acids (IcPD). English Heritage Research Department Report Series 6/2008, London.
45. Reille M, Beaulieu JLD, Svobodova H, Andrieu-Ponel V, Goeury C. 2000. Pollen analytical biostratigraphy of the last five climatic cycles from a long continental sequence from the Velay region (Massif Central, France). Journal of Quaternary Science 15: 665-685.
46. Roebroeks W. 1988. From Find Scatters to Early Hominid Behaviour: A Study of Middle Palaeolithic Riverside Settlements at Maastricht-Belvédère (the Netherlands). University of Leiden.
47. Roebroeks W. 2006. The human colonisation of Europe: where are we? Journal of Quaternary Science 21: 425-436.
48. Roebroeks W, Tuffreau A. 1999. Palaeoenvironment and settlement patterns of the Northwest European Middle Palaeolithic. In The Middle Palaeolithic Occupation of Europe, Gamble CS, Roebroeks W (eds). University of Leiden Press: Leiden; 121-138.
49. Roucoux KH, Tzedakis PC, Frogley MR, Lawson IT, Preece RC. 2008. Vegetation history of the marine isotope stage 7 interglacial complex at Ioannina, NW Greece. Quaternary Science Reviews 27: 1378-1395.
50. Schreve DC. 1997. Mammalian biostratigraphy of the later Middle Pleistocene in Britain. PhD thesis, University of London.
51. Schreve DC. 2001. Differentiation of the British late Middle Pleistocene interglacials: the evidence from mammalian biostratigraphy. Quaternary Science Reviews 20: 1693-1705.
52. Schreve DC, Harding PA, White MJ, Bridgland DR, Allen P, Clayton F, Keen D, Penkman K. 2006. A Levallois knapping site at West Thurrock, Lower Thames, UK: its Quaternary context, environment and age. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 72: 21-52.
53. Scott B. 2006. The Early Middle Palaeolithic of Britain: Origins, Technology and Landscape. PhD thesis, University of Durham.
54. Scott K. 2007. The ecology of the late Middle Pleistocene mammoths in Britain. Quaternary International 169-170: 125-126.
55. Smith RA. 1911. A Palaeolithic industry at Northfleet, Kent. Archaeologia 62: 515-532.
56. Spurrell FCJ. 1880a. On implements and chips from the floor of a Palaeolithic workshop. Archaeological Journal 38: 294-299.
57. Spurrell FCJ. 1880b. On the discovery of the place where Palaeolithic implements were made at Crayford. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London 36: 544-548.
58. Spurrell FCJ. 1883. Palaeolithic implements found in west Kent. Archaeologia Cantiana 15: 89-103.
59. Spurrell FCJ. 1884. On some Palaeolithic knapping tools and modes of using them. Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland 13: 109-118.
60. Sutcliffe AJ. 1995. Insularity of the British Isles 250 000-30 000 years ago: the mammalian, including human, evidence. In Island Britain: A Quaternary Perspective, Preece RC (ed.). Special Publication, Geological Society: London; 127-140.
61. Sykes GA, Collins MJ, Walton DI. 1995. The significance of a geochemically isolated intracrystalline organic fraction within biominerals. Organic Geochemistry 23: 1039-1065.
62. Tuffreau A, Sommé J. 1988. Le Gisement Paléolithique Moyen de Biache-Saint-Vaast. Mémoires de la Société Préhistorique Française 21, Lille.
63. Turq A. 1989. Exploitation des matières prèmieres lithiques et occupation du sol: l'example du Moustérien entre Dordogne et Lot. In Variation des Paléomilieux et Peuplement Préhistorique, Laville H (ed.). Centre Nationale de la Récherche Scientifique: Paris; 179-204.
64. Van Kolfschoten T, Roebroeks W. 1985. Maastricht-Belvédère: stratigraphy, palaeoenvironment and archaeology of the Middle and Late Pleistocene deposits. Analacta Praehistorica Leidensia 18.
65. Wenban-Smith FF. 1990. The location of Baker's Hole. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 56: 11-14.
66. Wenban-Smith FF. 1992. Early Palaeolithic cultural facies and the Levalloisian at Baker's Hole. Papers from the Institute of Archaeology 3: 1-10.
67. Wenban-Smith FF. 1995. The Ebbsfleet Valley, Northfleet (Baker's Hole). In The Quaternary of the Lower Reaches of the Thames: Field Guide, Bridgl DR, Allen P, Haggart BA (eds). Quaternary Research Association: Durham, UK; 147-164.
68. Whittaker K, Beasley M, Bates M, Wenban-Smith FF. 2004. The lost valley. British Archaeology 74: 22-27.
69. White MJ, Ashton NM. 2003. Lower Palaeolithic core technology and the origins of the Levallois method in North-Western Europe. Current Anthropology 44: 598-609.
70. White MJ, Jacobi RM. 2002. Two sides to every story: Bout Coupé handaxes revisited. Oxford Journal of Archaeology 21: 109-133.
71. White MJ, Scott B, Ashton NM. 2006. The Early Middle Palaeolithic in Britain: archaeology, settlement history and human behaviour. Journal of Quaternary Science 21: 525-541.
72. Wymer JJ. 1968. Lower Palaeolithic Archaeology in Britain as Represented by the Thames Valley. John Baker: London.
73. Zeuner FE. 1959. The Pleistocene Period: Its Climate, Chronology and Faunal Successions. Hutchinson: London.