메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 97, Issue 9, 2010, Pages 1424-1430

Merged trees in second-growth, fire-origin forests in Patagonia, Chile: Positive spatial association patterns and their ecological implications

Author keywords

Competition; Forest stand dynamics; Multistemmed trees; Neighborhood analysis; Nothofagus pumilio; Paircorrelation function; Reserva Coyhaique; Spatial patterns

Indexed keywords

CLUSTER ANALYSIS; COMPETITION (ECOLOGY); DECIDUOUS TREE; DENSITY DEPENDENCE; ECOLOGICAL MODELING; FOREST EDGE; GROWTH RATE; MATURATION; POPULATION STRUCTURE; SECONDARY SUCCESSION; SHRUB; SPATIAL ANALYSIS; SPECIES OCCURRENCE; STAND STRUCTURE; WILDFIRE;

EID: 78049314200     PISSN: 00029122     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1000054     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (26)

References (48)
  • 1
    • 0031810436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A bioclimatic classification of Chile: Woodland communities in the temperate zone
    • Amigo, J., and C. Ramírez. 1998. A bioclimatic classification of Chile: woodland communities in the temperate zone. Plant Ecology 136: 9-26.
    • (1998) Plant Ecology , vol.136 , pp. 9-26
    • Amigo, J.1    Ramírez, C.2
  • 2
    • 0000525832 scopus 로고
    • The ecological and genetic consequences of density-dependent regulation in plants
    • Antonovics, J., and D. A. Levin. 1980. The ecological and genetic consequences of density-dependent regulation in plants. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 11: 411-452.
    • (1980) Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics , vol.11 , pp. 411-452
    • Antonovics, J.1    Levin, D.A.2
  • 3
    • 0034041257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural and functional changes in Nothofagus pumilio forests along an altitudinal gradient in Tierra del Fuego, Argentina
    • Barrera, M. D., J. L. Frangi, L. L. Richter, M. H. Perdomo, and L. B. Pinedo. 2000. Structural and functional changes in Nothofagus pumilio forests along an altitudinal gradient in Tierra del Fuego, Argentina. Journal of Vegetation Science 11: 179-188.
    • (2000) Journal of Vegetation Science , vol.11 , pp. 179-188
    • Barrera, M.D.1    Frangi, J.L.2    Richter, L.L.3    Perdomo, M.H.4    Pinedo, L.B.5
  • 4
    • 64349122736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multi-stemmed trees in montane rain forests: Their frequency and demography in relation to elevation, soil nutrients and disturbance
    • Bellingham, P. J., and A. D. Sparrow. 2009. Multi-stemmed trees in montane rain forests: their frequency and demography in relation to elevation, soil nutrients and disturbance. Journal of Ecology 97: 472-483.
    • (2009) Journal of Ecology , vol.97 , pp. 472-483
    • Bellingham, P.J.1    Sparrow, A.D.2
  • 5
    • 0035133359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecology of sprouting in woody plants: The persistence niche
    • Bond, W. J., and J. J. Midgley. 2001. Ecology of sprouting in woody plants: the persistence niche. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 16: 45-51.
    • (2001) Trends In Ecology & Evolution , vol.16 , pp. 45-51
    • Bond, W.J.1    Midgley, J.J.2
  • 9
    • 0028165102 scopus 로고
    • Growth form distribution and genetic relationships in tree clusters of Pinus flexilis, a bird-dispersed pine
    • Carsey, K. S., and D. F. Tomback. 1994. Growth form distribution and genetic relationships in tree clusters of Pinus flexilis, a bird-dispersed pine. Oecologia 98: 402-411.
    • (1994) Oecologia , vol.98 , pp. 402-411
    • Carsey, K.S.1    Tomback, D.F.2
  • 10
    • 11144283573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Browsing by guanaco (Lama guanicoe) on Nothofagus pumilio forest gaps in Tierra del Fuego, Chile
    • Cavieres, L. A., and A. Fajardo. 2005. Browsing by guanaco (Lama guanicoe) on Nothofagus pumilio forest gaps in Tierra del Fuego, Chile. Forest Ecology and Management 204: 237-248.
    • (2005) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.204 , pp. 237-248
    • Cavieres, L.A.1    Fajardo, A.2
  • 11
    • 55949095366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Balance between facilitation and resource competition determines biomass-density relationships in plant populations
    • Chu, C.-J., F. T. Maestre, S. Xiao, J. Weiner, Y.-S. Wang, Z.-H. Duan, and G. Wang. 2008. Balance between facilitation and resource competition determines biomass-density relationships in plant populations. Ecology Letters 11: 1189-1197.
    • (2008) Ecology Letters , vol.11 , pp. 1189-1197
    • Chu, C.-J.1    Maestre, F.T.2    Xiao, S.3    Weiner, J.4    Wang, Y.-S.5    Duan, Z.-H.6    Wang, G.7
  • 15
    • 33745323379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of natural and human disturbances on the dynamics and spatial structure of Nothofagus glauca in south-central Chile
    • Fajardo, A., and P. Alaback. 2005. Effects of natural and human disturbances on the dynamics and spatial structure of Nothofagus glauca in south-central Chile. Journal of Biogeography 32: 1811-1825.
    • (2005) Journal of Biogeography , vol.32 , pp. 1811-1825
    • Fajardo, A.1    Alaback, P.2
  • 16
    • 78049254767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Replacement patterns and species coexistence in an Andean Araucaria-Nothofagus forest
    • Fajardo, A., and M. E. González. 2009. Replacement patterns and species coexistence in an Andean Araucaria-Nothofagus forest. Journal of Vegetation Science 20: 1176-1190.
    • (2009) Journal of Vegetation Science , vol.20 , pp. 1176-1190
    • Fajardo, A.1    González, M.E.2
  • 17
    • 3543007229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tree dynamics in canopy gaps in old-growth forests of Nothofagus pumilio in Southern Chile
    • Fajardo, A., and R. de Graaf. 2004. Tree dynamics in canopy gaps in old-growth forests of Nothofagus pumilio in Southern Chile. Plant Ecology 173: 95-106.
    • (2004) Plant Ecology , vol.173 , pp. 95-106
    • Fajardo, A.1    de Graaf, R.2
  • 18
    • 34047263305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distinguishing microsite and competition processes in tree growth dynamics: An a priori spatial modeling approach
    • Fajardo, A., and E. J. B. McIntire. 2007. Distinguishing microsite and competition processes in tree growth dynamics: an a priori spatial modeling approach. American Naturalist 169: 647-661.
    • (2007) American Naturalist , vol.169 , pp. 647-661
    • Fajardo, A.1    McIntire, E.J.B.2
  • 19
    • 0022857439 scopus 로고
    • The role of competition in plant communities in arid and semiarid regions
    • Fowler, N. 1986. The role of competition in plant communities in arid and semiarid regions. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 17: 89-110.
    • (1986) Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics , vol.17 , pp. 89-110
    • Fowler, N.1
  • 20
    • 33750323789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial patterns and competition of tree species in a Douglas-fir chronosequence on Vancouver Island
    • Getzin, S., C. Dean, F. He, J. A. Trofymow, K. Wiegand, and T. Wiegand. 2006. Spatial patterns and competition of tree species in a Douglas-fir chronosequence on Vancouver Island. Ecography 29: 671-682.
    • (2006) Ecography , vol.29 , pp. 671-682
    • Getzin, S.1    Dean, C.2    He, F.3    Trofymow, J.A.4    Wiegand, K.5    Wiegand, T.6
  • 21
    • 44949098464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heterogeneity influences spatial patterns and demographics in forest stands
    • Getzin, S., T. Wiegand, K. Wiegand, and F. He. 2008. Heterogeneity influences spatial patterns and demographics in forest stands. Journal of Ecology 96: 807-820.
    • (2008) Journal of Ecology , vol.96 , pp. 807-820
    • Getzin, S.1    Wiegand, T.2    Wiegand, K.3    He, F.4
  • 22
    • 55949135154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Switching from negative to positive density-dependence among populations of a cobble beach plant
    • Goldenheim, W. M., A. D. Irving, and M. D. Bertness. 2008. Switching from negative to positive density-dependence among populations of a cobble beach plant. Oecologia 158: 473-483.
    • (2008) Oecologia , vol.158 , pp. 473-483
    • Goldenheim, W.M.1    Irving, A.D.2    Bertness, M.D.3
  • 23
    • 33847402686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of spatial and temporal heterogeneity on the design and analysis of empirical studies of scale-dependent systems
    • Hewitt, J. E., S. F. Thrush, P. K. Dayton, and E. Bonsdorff. 2007. The effect of spatial and temporal heterogeneity on the design and analysis of empirical studies of scale-dependent systems. American Naturalist 169: 398-408.
    • (2007) American Naturalist , vol.169 , pp. 398-408
    • Hewitt, J.E.1    Thrush, S.F.2    Dayton, P.K.3    Bonsdorff, E.4
  • 24
    • 0003629564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Laboratory of Tree Ring Research, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA. Available online at
    • Holmes, R. L. 2001. Dendrochronology program library. Laboratory of Tree Ring Research, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA. Available online at http://www.ltrr.arizona.edu/software.html.
    • (2001) Dendrochronology Program Library
    • Holmes, R.L.1
  • 25
    • 0031284565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The interplay of facilitation and competition in plant communities
    • Holmgren, M., M. Scheffer, and M. A. Huston. 1997. The interplay of facilitation and competition in plant communities. Ecology 78: 1966-1975.
    • (1997) Ecology , vol.78 , pp. 1966-1975
    • Holmgren, M.1    Scheffer, M.2    Huston, M.A.3
  • 26
    • 0024184298 scopus 로고
    • Pattern of self-thinning in jack pine: Testing the random mortality hypothesis
    • Kenkel, N. C. 1988. Pattern of self-thinning in jack pine: testing the random mortality hypothesis. Ecology 69: 1017-1024.
    • (1988) Ecology , vol.69 , pp. 1017-1024
    • Kenkel, N.C.1
  • 27
    • 0022173168 scopus 로고
    • Seed dispersal by nutcrackers causes multi-trunk growth form in pines
    • Linhart, Y. B., and D. F. Tomback. 1985. Seed dispersal by nutcrackers causes multi-trunk growth form in pines. Oecologia 67: 107-110.
    • (1985) Oecologia , vol.67 , pp. 107-110
    • Linhart, Y.B.1    Tomback, D.F.2
  • 28
    • 33747066137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistical inference using the G or K point pattern spatial statistics
    • Loosmore, N. B., and E. D. Ford. 2006. Statistical inference using the G or K point pattern spatial statistics. Ecology 87: 1925-1931.
    • (2006) Ecology , vol.87 , pp. 1925-1931
    • Loosmore, N.B.1    Ford, E.D.2
  • 29
    • 60049097652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Refining the stress-gradient hypothesis for competition and facilitation in plant communities
    • Maestre, F. T., R. M. Callaway, F. Valladares, and C. J. Lortie. 2009. Refining the stress-gradient hypothesis for competition and facilitation in plant communities. Journal of Ecology 97: 199-205.
    • (2009) Journal of Ecology , vol.97 , pp. 199-205
    • Maestre, F.T.1    Callaway, R.M.2    Valladares, F.3    Lortie, C.J.4
  • 30
    • 34250009029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intraspecific facilitation: A missing process along increasing stress gradient -insights from simulated shrub populations
    • Malkinson, D., and F. Jeltsch. 2007. Intraspecific facilitation: a missing process along increasing stress gradient -insights from simulated shrub populations. Ecography 30: 339-348.
    • (2007) Ecography , vol.30 , pp. 339-348
    • Malkinson, D.1    Jeltsch, F.2
  • 31
    • 0038759622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pattern analysis in successional communities an approach for studying shifts in ecological interactions
    • Malkinson, D., R. Kadmon, and D. Cohen. 2003. Pattern analysis in successional communities an approach for studying shifts in ecological interactions. Journal of Vegetation Science 14: 213-222.
    • (2003) Journal of Vegetation Science , vol.14 , pp. 213-222
    • Malkinson, D.1    Kadmon, R.2    Cohen, D.3
  • 32
  • 33
    • 34247899181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Photosynthetic plasticity of Nothofagus pumilio seedlings to light intensity and soil moisture
    • Martínez Pastur, G., M. V. Lencinas, P. L. Peri, and M. Arena. 2007. Photosynthetic plasticity of Nothofagus pumilio seedlings to light intensity and soil moisture. Forest Ecology and Management 243: 274-282.
    • (2007) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.243 , pp. 274-282
    • Martínez Pastur, G.1    Lencinas, M.V.2    Peri, P.L.3    Arena, M.4
  • 35
    • 63849334860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beyond description: The active and effective way to infer processes from spatial patterns
    • McIntire, E. J. B., and A. Fajardo. 2009. Beyond description: the active and effective way to infer processes from spatial patterns. Ecology 90: 46-56.
    • (2009) Ecology , vol.90 , pp. 46-56
    • McIntire, E.J.B.1    Fajardo, A.2
  • 36
    • 0030613047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial models of competition and gap dynamics in old-growth Tsuga heterophylla/Thuja plicata forests
    • Moeur, M. 1997. Spatial models of competition and gap dynamics in old-growth Tsuga heterophylla/Thuja plicata forests. Forest Ecology and Management 94: 175-186.
    • (1997) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.94 , pp. 175-186
    • Moeur, M.1
  • 37
    • 60049087549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the emergent spatial structure of size-structured populations: When does self-thinning lead to a reduction in clustering?
    • Murrell, D. J. 2009. On the emergent spatial structure of size-structured populations: when does self-thinning lead to a reduction in clustering? Journal of Ecology 97: 256-266.
    • (2009) Journal of Ecology , vol.97 , pp. 256-266
    • Murrell, D.J.1
  • 38
    • 49149139946 scopus 로고
    • Forest development in North America following major disturbances
    • Oliver, C. D. 1980. Forest development in North America following major disturbances. Forest Ecology and Management 3: 153-168.
    • (1980) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.3 , pp. 153-168
    • Oliver, C.D.1
  • 39
    • 0035065727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variations in old-growth structure and definitions: Forest dynamics on Wachusett Mountain, Massachusetts
    • Orwig, D. A., C. V. Cogbill, D. R. Foster, and J. F. O'Keefe. 2001. Variations in old-growth structure and definitions: forest dynamics on Wachusett Mountain, Massachusetts. Ecological Applications 11: 437-452.
    • (2001) Ecological Applications , vol.11 , pp. 437-452
    • Orwig, D.A.1    Cogbill, C.V.2    Foster, D.R.3    O'Keefe, J.F.4
  • 41
    • 0036792978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental derivation of functions relating growth of Arabidopsis thaliana to neighbour size and distance
    • Purves, D. W., and R. Law. 2002. Experimental derivation of functions relating growth of Arabidopsis thaliana to neighbour size and distance. Journal of Ecology 90: 882-894.
    • (2002) Journal of Ecology , vol.90 , pp. 882-894
    • Purves, D.W.1    Law, R.2
  • 42
    • 34247399087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Available online at
    • Ricci, V. 2005. Fitting distributions with R. Available online at http:// cran.r-project.org/doc/contrib/Ricci-distributions-en.pdf.
    • (2005) Fitting Distributions With R
    • Ricci, V.1
  • 46
    • 0027796487 scopus 로고
    • Spatial patterns of trees in natural forests of East-Central Europe
    • Szwagrzyk, J., and M. Czerwczak. 1993. Spatial patterns of trees in natural forests of East-Central Europe. Journal of Vegetation Science 4: 469-476.
    • (1993) Journal of Vegetation Science , vol.4 , pp. 469-476
    • Szwagrzyk, J.1    Czerwczak, M.2
  • 47
    • 0942267948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rings, circles and null-models for point pattern analysis in ecology
    • Wiegand, T., and K. A. Moloney. 2004. Rings, circles and null-models for point pattern analysis in ecology. Oikos 104: 209-229.
    • (2004) Oikos , vol.104 , pp. 209-229
    • Wiegand, T.1    Moloney, K.A.2
  • 48
    • 0000349121 scopus 로고
    • Intraspecific competition among higher plants. XI Self thinning in over-crowded pure stands under cultivated and natural conditions
    • Yoda, K., T. Kira, H. Ogawa, and K. Hozumi. 1963. Intraspecific competition among higher plants. XI Self thinning in over-crowded pure stands under cultivated and natural conditions. Journal of the Institute of Polytechnics, Osaka City, University Series D 14: 107-129.
    • (1963) Journal of the Institute of Polytechnics, Osaka City, University Series D , vol.14 , pp. 107-129
    • Yoda, K.1    Kira, T.2    Ogawa, H.3    Hozumi, K.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.