Four palmyrene grave reliefs in the antakya museum;Vier palmyrenische grabreliefs im museum von antakya

Archaologischer Anzeiger

Volumn 2, Issue , 2003, Pages 97-105

  Meischner, Jutta ^a   Cussini, Eleonora ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 78049254685     PISSN: 00038105     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
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References (18)

1. I wish to thank J. Meischner for her invitation to study The Palmyrene inscriptions. I did not have the opportunity to examine these pieces directly: inscriptions were read and handcopies prepared on the basis o f photographs kindly provided by J. Meischner. For other Palmyrene inscriptions in Turkey, see the collection in th e Istanbul Arkeoloji Müzeleri (funerary epitaphs, dedications o n altars, and a cession text): PAT 0366, 0409, 0423, 0483, 0547, 0551, 0621, 0631, 0656, 0660, 0663, 0703-0706, 0708, 0776, 0779, 0781-0784, 0787, 0789, 0807, 0832, 0837, 0873-0879, 0895, 0947, 0952, 0961-0966, 0967 (?), 0977, 0983. On PAT 0728, according to CIS in Istanbul, but actually in Frankfurt/Main, in private collection,
2. see K. Parlasca, Zu palmyrenischen Inschriften auf Reliefs, in: E. Cussini (ed.), A Journey to Palmyra. Collected Essays to Remember Delbert R. Hillers, E. J. Urill [in press]. For two of the Gaziantep Archaeological Museum funerary epitaphs, published in 1997, and thus not included in PAT, see A. Desreumaux - F. Briquel-Chatonnet, Semitica 47, 1997, 73 ff. and Parlasca loc. cit., with mention of the third relief-bust.
3. F. Rumscheid, Kranz und Krone, IstForsch 43 (2000) 107 n. 700. No reference to the other reliefs and inscriptions may be found elsewhere, see for example CIS.
4. Note that the first graphemes of line 1 could also be interpreted as a qof (instead otkaf+yod), followed by two tavs. However, the resulting f o rm *qtt does not allow a feasible interpretation.
5. Cf. J. Stark, Personal Names in Palmyrene Inscriptions (1971) 29, 92: interpretation of this name remains difficult.
6. Some of the texts originate from the so called Tower of Kitut (called, in Arabic, Qasr cl-Madms), one o f the best preserved tower-tomb at Palmyra (M. Gawlikowski, Monuments funéraires de Palmyre [1970] 71 f.; E. Will, Syria 28, 1951, 70 ff.) PAT 0463, 0464 (A.D. 41), «Kitut, son ofTaimarsu, son of Kitut, son of Taimassa the elder, who is of the tribe of the Bani [Matta]bol»; PAT 0517 (A.D. 138), a much later foundation text from the same tomb, mentioning other individuals, perhaps unrelated t o the original family: «Haddu[dan], son of Sepperay, (son of) Barateh».
7. Stark op. cit., respectively, 31, 95 and 16, 85. Both are shortened forms of the names Maliku (mlkiv) and Zabdibol (zbdbwt).
8. PAT 1316, funerary epitaph, «Alas! Zabda, son of Male, son of Wali, age 9 years».
9. see E. Cussini, Journal of the ARAM Society for Syro- Mesopotamian Studies 7, 1995, 237 fT.
10. As a whole, this script considerably differs from that of the previous text, cat. 1. Note, for example, the pointed middle bar o f hct in line 1, and of tav in line 3, and compare them to the rounded shapes of tav and hct in cat. 1, line 1 and 3.
11. On the occurrence of dotted rcsh see A. Klugkist in: M. Sokoloff (ed.), Aramaeans, Aramaic and the Aramaic Literary Tradition (1983) esp. 61.
12. On Shalmat, see Stark op. cit. 53, 114; o n Tema, see Stark op. cit. 56, 117. Doth names are diffused in Palmyrene onomastics.
13. PAT 0466, «Akiba, son of Ateakab, (son of) Gaddaia,» or PAT 0753, «[Stjatue of [I3]ola'a, daughter of Akiba,» or PAT 1281, «Statue o f Ahata, daughter of Akiba,» or PAT 1558, mentioning « . . . Malak, the private (?) physician, son of Mokimu, son of Akiba».
14. Noteworthy is the presence of a verb, otherwise very seldomly found in Palmyrene funerary epitaphs. For another sample of longer epitaph see, e. g. PAT 0614, of A.D. 148: «Alas! Tadmor, wife of Moqimu, son of Nurbel, the master craftsman. Died the 29th day of Siw an, the year 459», and the like.
15. Another inscription presenting the occurrence of these two names, and a formulation very similar to that of Antakya cat. 4 is PAT 0688: «Alas! [0]ga, [son of] Zabdateh, (son of) Wahba. (This is) what was made by his brother». From other Palmyrene funerary texts we learn that the dedicator's name of PAT 0688 is again Wahba.
16. Cf. the schedidac in male funerary portraits as seen above, in cat. 1 and 4. From the third century onwards, the spindle and distaff (or the keys, other objects found in feminine funerary portraits only) donot appear anymore
17. see M. Colledge, The Art of Palmyra (1976). For a discussion of the spindle and distaff as epitome of female occupation, in comparison to a reconstruction of the role of Palmyrene women as resulting from analysis of the cession texts
18. See, E. Cussini in: Materia giudaica VII 1 (2002) 28fT.; ead., Beyond the Spindle: Investigating the Role of Palmyrene Women, in: E. Cussini (ed.), A Journey to Palmyra. Collected Essays to Remember Delbert R. Hillers, E. J. Brill [in press].