Sites of synthesis, biochemistry and functional role of plant volatiles

South African Journal of Botany

Volumn 76, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 612-631

  Maffei, M E ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TURIN   (Italy)

Author keywords

Chemical defense; Molecular biology; Physiology; Plant secretory structures; Terpenes; Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)

Indexed keywords

BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION; CHEMICAL DEFENSE; FUNCTIONAL ROLE; GENE EXPRESSION; GENETIC VARIATION; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; PHYTOCHEMISTRY; PLANT-INSECT INTERACTION; PLANT-POLLINATOR INTERACTION; SECRETION; TERPENE; VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUND;

HEXAPODA;

EID: 78049239906     PISSN: 02546299     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.sajb.2010.03.003     Document Type: Article

References (203)

1. Abel C., Clauss M., Schaub A., Gershenzon J., Tholl D. Floral and insect-induced volatile formation in Arabidopsis lyrata ssp petraea, a perennial, outcrossing relative of A. thaliana. Planta 2009, 230:1-11.
2. Aharoni A., Jongsma M.A., Bouwmeester H.J. Volatile science? Metabolic engineering of terpenoids in plants. Trends in Plant Science 2005, 10:594-602.
3. Andersson S., Dobson H.E.M. Antennal responses to floral scents in the butterfly Heliconius melpomene. Journal of Chemical Ecology 2003, 29:2319-2330.
4. Arimura G., Ozawa R., Shimoda T., Nishioka T., Boland W., Takabyashi J. Herbivory-induced volatiles elicit defence genes in lima bean leaves. Nature 2000, 406:512-515.
5. Arimura G., Ozawa R., Kugimiya S., Takabayashi J., Bohlmann J. Herbivore-induced defense response in a model legume. Two-spotted spider mites induce emission of (E)-beta-ocimene and transcript accumulation of (E)-beta-ocimene synthase in Lotus japonicus. Plant Physiology 2004, 135:1976-1983.
6. Arimura G., Kost C., Boland W. Herbivore-induced, indirect plant defences. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta-Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids 2005, 1734:91-111.
7. Arimura G.I., Garms S., Maffei M., Bossi S., Schulze B., Leitner M., Mithoefer A., Boland W. Herbivore-induced terpenoid emission in Medicago truncatula: concerted action of jasmonate, ethylene and calcium signaling. Planta 2008, 227:453-464.
8. Arimura G.I., Kopke S., Kunert M., Volpe V., David A., Brand P., Dabrowska P., Maffei M.E., Boland W. Effects of feeding Spodoptera littoralis on lima bean leaves: IV. Diurnal and nocturnal damage differentially initiate plant volatile emission. Plant Physiology 2008, 146:965-973.
9. Arimura G., Matsui K., Takabayashi J. Chemical and molecular ecology of herbivore-induced plant volatiles: proximate factors and their ultimate functions. Plant and Cell Physiology 2009, 50:911-923.
10. Azuma H., Thien L.B., Toyota M., Asakawa Y., Kawano S. Distribution and differential expression of (E)-4, 8-dimethyl-1, 3, 7-nonatriene in leaf and floral volatiles of Magnolia and Liriodendron taxa. Journal of Chemical Ecology 1997, 23:2467-2478.
11. Baldwin I.T., Halitschke R., Paschold A., Von Dahl C.C., Preston C.A. Volatile signaling in plant-plant interactions: "talking trees" in the genomics era. Science 2006, 311:812-815.
12. Ballhorn D.J., Kautz S., Lion U., Heil M. Trade-offs between direct and indirect defences of lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus). Journal of Ecology 2008, 96:971-980.
13. Barkman T.J. Evidence for positive selection on the floral scent gene isoeugenol-O-methyltransferase. Molecular Biology and Evolution 2003, 20:168-172.
14. Barnola L.F., Cedeno A., Hasegawa M. Intraindividual variations of volatile terpene contents in Pinus caribaea needles and its possible relationship to Atta laevigata herbivory. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 1997, 25:707-716.
15. Bartram S., Jux A., Gleixner G., Boland W. Dynamic pathway allocation in early terpenoid biosynthesis of stress-induced lima bean leaves. Phytochemistry 2006, 67:1661-1672.
16. Behnke K., Ehlting B., Teuber M., Bauerfeind M., Louis S., Hasch R., Polle A., Bohlmann J., Schnitzler J.P. Transgenic, non-isoprene emitting poplars don't like it hot. Plant Journal 2007, 51:485-499.
17. Bergelson J., Purrington C.B. Surveying patterns in the cost of resistance in plants. American Naturalist 1996, 148:536-558.
18. Berta G., Delapierre M., Maffei M. Nuclear morphology and dna content in the glandular trichomes of peppermint (Mentha×Piperita L). Protoplasma 1993, 175:85-92.
19. Bertea C.M., Voster A., Verstappen F.W.A., Maffei M., Beekwilder J., Bouwmeester H.J. Isoprenoid biosynthesis in Artemisia annua: Cloning and heterologous expression of a germacrene A synthase from a glandular trichome cDNA library. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 2006, 448:3-12.
20. Bezemer T.M., Van Dam N.M. Linking aboveground and belowground interactions via induced plant defenses. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 2005, 20:617-624.
21. Bhardwaj A., Tewary D.K., Kumar R., Kumar V., Sinha A.K., Shanker A. Larvicidal and structure-activity studies of natural phenylpropanoids and their semisynthetic derivatives against the tobacco armyworm spodoptera litura (FAB.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Chemistry & Biodiversity 2010, 7:168-177.
22. Bhatia S.P., McGinty D., Letizia C.S., Api A.M. Fragrance material review on vetiverol. Food and Chemical Toxicology 2008, 46:S297-S301.
23. Bichao H., Borg-Karlson A.K., Araujo J., Mustaparta H. Identification of plant odours activating receptor neurones in the weevil Pissodes notatus F. (Coleoptera, Curculionidae). Journal of Comparative Physiology A-Neuroethology Sensory Neural and Behavioral Physiology 2003, 189:203-212.
24. Bjostad L.B. Electrophysiological methods. Methods in Chemical Ecology: Chemical Methods 1998, vol. 1:339-375. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston.
25. Blande J.D., Tiiva P., Oksanen E., Holopainen J.K. Emission of herbivore-induced volatile terpenoids from two hybrid aspen (Populus tremula×tremuloides) clones under ambient and elevated ozone concentrations in the field. Global Change Biology 2007, 13:2538-2550.
26. Bleeker P.M., Diergaarde P.J., Ament K., Guerra J., Weidner M., Schutz S., De Both M.T.J., Haring M.A., Schuurink R.C. The role of specific tomato volatiles in tomato-whitefly interaction. Plant Physiology 2009, 151:925-935.
27. Bouvier F., Isner J.C., Dogbo O., Camara B. Oxidative tailoring of carotenoids: a prospect towards novel functions in plants. Trends in Plant Science 2005, 10:187-194.
28. Bruce T.J.A., Wadhams L.J., Woodcock C.M. Insect host location: a volatile situation. Trends in Plant Science 2005, 10:269-274.
29. Caissard J.C., Meekijjironenroj A., Baudino S., Anstett M.C. Localization of production and emission of pollinator attractant on whole leaves of Chamaerops humilis (Arecaceae). American Journal of Botany 2004, 91:1190-1199.
30. Cape J.N. Effects of airborne volatile organic compounds on plants. Environmental Pollution 2003, 122:145-157.
31. Carroll M.J., Schmelz E.A., Teal P.E.A. The attraction of Spodoptera frugiperda neonates to cowpea seedlings is mediated by volatiles induced by conspecific herbivory and the elicitor inceptin. Journal of Chemical Ecology 2008, 34:291-300.
32. Chaieb K., Hajlaoui H., Zmantar T., Ben Kahla-Nakbi A., Rouabhia M., Mahdouani K., Bakhrouf A. The chemical composition and biological activity of clove essential oil, Eugenia caryophyllata (Syzigium aromaticum L. myrtaceae): a short review. Phytotherapy Research 2007, 21:501-506.
33. Chappell J. Production platforms for the molecular pharming of alkaloid diversity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2008, 105:7897-7898.
34. Chen M.S. Inducible direct plant defense against insect herbivores: a review. Insect Science 2008, 15:101-114.
35. Cohen Y., Gisi U., Niderman T. Local and systemic protection against phytophthora-infestans induced in potato and tomato plants by jasmonic acid and jasmonic methyl-ester. Phytopathology 1993, 83:1054-1062.
36. Connor E.C., Rott A.S., Zeder M., Juttner F., Dorn S. C-13-labelling patterns of green leaf volatiles indicating different dynamics of precursors in Brassica leaves. Phytochemistry 2008, 69:1304-1312.
37. Cseke L.J., Kaufman P.B., Kirakosyan A. The biology of essential oils in the pollination of flowers. Natural Product Communications 2007, 2:1317-1336.
38. D'Auria J.C., Chen F., Pichersky E. Characterization of an acyltransferase capable of synthesizing benzylbenzoate and other volatile esters in flowers and damaged leaves of Clarkia breweri. Plant Physiology 2002, 130:466-476.
39. D'Auria J.C., Pichersky E., Schaub A., Hansel A., Gershenzon J. Characterization of a BAHD acyltransferase responsible for producing the green leaf volatile (Z)-3-hexen-1-yl acetate in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Journal 2007, 49:194-207.
40. Degen T., Dillmann C., Marion-Poll F., Turlings T.C.J. High genetic variability of herbivore-induced volatile emission within a broad range of maize inbred lines. Plant Physiology 2004, 135:1928-1938.
41. Degenhardt J., Gershenzon J. Demonstration and characterization of (E)-nerolidol synthase from maize: a herbivore-inducible terpene synthase participating in (3E)-4, 8-dimethyl-1, 3, 7-nonatriene biosynthesis. Planta 2000, 210:815-822.
42. Degenhardt J., Hiltpold I., Kollner T.G., Frey M., Gierl A., Gershenzon J., Hibbard B.E., Ellersieck M.R., Turlings T.C.J. Restoring a maize root signal that attracts insect-killing nematodes to control a major pest. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2009, 106:13213-13218.
43. Del Fabbro S., Nazzi F. Repellent effect of sweet basil compounds on Ixodes ricinus ticks. Experimental and Applied Acarology 2008, 45:219-228.
44. Del Giudice L., Massardo D.R., Pontieri P., Bertea C.M., Mombello D., Carata E., Tredici S.M., Tala A., Mucciarelli M., Groudeva V.I., De Stefano M., Vigliotta G., Maffei M.E., Alifano P. The microbial community of vetiver root and its involvement into essential oil biogenesis. Environmental Microbiology 2008, 10:2824-2841.
45. Delphia C.M., Mescher M.C., De Moraes C.M. Induction of plant volatiles by herbivores with different feeding habits and the effects of induced defenses on host-plant selection by thrips. Journal of Chemical Ecology 2007, 33:997-1012.
46. Dicke M., Van Loon J.J.A. Multitrophic effects of herbivore-induced plant volatiles in an evolutionary context. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 2000, 97:237-249.
47. Dotterl S., Burkhardt D., Weissbecker B., Jurgens A., Schutz S., Mosandl A. Linalool and lilac aldehyde/alcohol in flower scents - electrophysiological detection of lilac aldehyde stereoisomers by a moth. Journal of Chromatography A 2006, 1113:231-238.
48. Dudareva N. Plant volatiles: from compounds to metabolic pathways and their regulation. Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society 2005, 230:U155.
49. Dudareva N., Pichersky E. Metabolic engineering of plant volatiles. Current Opinion in Biotechnology 2008, 19:181-189.
50. Dudareva N., Negre F., Nagegowda D.A., Orlova I. Plant volatiles: recent advances and future perspectives. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences 2006, 25:417-440.
51. Duke S.O., Canel C., Rimando A.M., Tellez M.R., Duke M.V., Paul R.N. Current and potential exploitation of plant glandular trichome productivity. Advances in Botanical Research Incorporating Advances in Plant Pathology 2000, 31(31):121-151.
52. Ebel R.C., Mattheis J.P., Buchanan D.A. Drought stress of apple-trees alters leaf emissions of volatile compounds. Physiologia Plantarum 1995, 93:709-712.
53. Engelberth J., Koch T., Schuler G., Bachmann N., Rechtenbach J., Boland W. Ion channel-forming alamethicin is a potent elicitor of volatile biosynthesis and tendril coiling. Cross talk between jasmonate and salicylate signaling in lima bean. Plant Physiology 2001, 125:369-377.
54. Engelberth J., Alborn H.T., Schmelz E.A., Tumlinson J.H. Airborne signals prime plants against insect herbivore attack. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2004, 101:1781-1785.
55. Erbilgin N., Raffa K.F. Modulation of predator attraction to pheromones of two prey species by stereochemistry of plant volatiles. Oecologia 2001, 127:444-453.
56. Fahn A. Secretory tissues in vascular plants. New Phytologist 1988, 108:229-257.
57. Faldt J., Arimura G., Gershenzon J., Takabayashi J., Bohlmann J. Functional identification of AtTPS03 as (E)-beta-ocimene synthase: a monoterpene synthase catalyzing jasmonate- and wound-induced volatile formation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Planta 2003, 216:745-751.
58. Farag M.A., Fokar M., Zhang H.A., Allen R.D., Pare P.W. (Z)-3-Hexenol induces defense genes and downstream metabolites in maize. Planta 2005, 220:900-909.
59. Fatouros N.E., Dicke M., Mumm R., Meiners T., Hilker M. Foraging behavior of egg parasitoids exploiting chemical information. Behavioral Ecology 2008, 19:677-689.
60. Frey M., Stettner C., Pare P.W., Schmelz E.A., Tumlinson J.H., Gierl A. An herbivore elicitor activates the gene for indole emission in maize. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2000, 97:14801-14806.
61. Gang D.R., Wang J.H., Dudareva N., Nam K.H., Simon J.E., Lewinsohn E., Pichersky E. An investigation of the storage and biosynthesis of phenylpropenes in sweet basil. Plant Physiology 2001, 125:539-555.
62. Gaquerel E., Weinhold A., Baldwin I.T. Molecular Interactions between the Specialist Herbivore Manduca sexta (Lepidoptera, Sphigidae) and Its Natural Host Nicotiana attenuata. VIII. An Unbiased GCxGC-ToFMS Analysis of the Plant's Elicited Volatile Emissions. Plant Physiology 2009, 149:1408-1423.
63. Gatehouse J.A. Plant resistance towards insect herbivores: a dynamic interaction. New Phytologist 2002, 156:145-169.
64. Gershenzon J., McConkey M.E., Croteau R.B. Regulation of monoterpene accumulation in leaves of peppermint. Plant Physiology 2000, 122:205-213.
65. Godard K.A., White R., Bohlmann J. Monoterpene-induced molecular responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. Phytochemistry 2008, 69:1838-1849.
66. Gouinguene S.P., Turlings T.C.J. The effects of abiotic factors on induced volatile emissions in corn plants. Plant Physiology 2002, 129:1296-1307.
67. Grison-Pige L., Bessiere J.M., Hossaert-McKey M. Specific attraction of fig-pollinating wasps: role of volatile compounds released by tropical figs. Journal of Chemical Ecology 2002, 28:283-295.
68. Gruber M.Y., Xu N., Grenkow L., Li X., Onyilagha J., Soroka J.J., Westcott N.D., Hegedus D.D. Responses of the crucifer flea beetle to brassica volatiles in an olfactometer. Environmental Entomology 2009, 38:1467-1479.
69. Guenther A., Hewitt C.N., Erickson D., Fall R., Geron C., Graedel T., Harley P., Klinger L., Lerdau M., Mckay W.A., Pierce T., Scholes B., Steinbrecher R., Tallamraju R., Taylor J., Zimmerman P. A global-model of natural volatile organic-compound emissions. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres 1995, 100:8873-8892.
70. Guerrieri E., Digilio M.C. Aphid-plant interactions: a review. Journal of Plant Interactions 2008, 3:223-232.
71. He P.Q., Tian L., Chen K.S., Hao L.H., Li G.Y. Induction of volatile organic compounds of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. and its resistance to Botrytis cinerea Pers. by burdock oligosaccharide. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2006, 48:550-557.
72. Heil M. Direct defense or ecological costs: Responses of herbivorous beetles to volatiles released by wild lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus). Journal of Chemical Ecology 2004, 30:1289-1295.
73. Heil M. Induction of two indirect defences benefits Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus, Fabaceae) in nature. Journal of Ecology 2004, 92:527-536.
74. Heil M. Indirect defence via tritrophic interactions. New Phytologist 2008, 178:41-61.
75. Heil M., Silva Bueno J.C. Within-plant signaling by volatiles leads to induction and priming of an indirect plant defense in nature. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2007, 104:5467-5472.
76. Heil M., Greiner S., Meimberg H., Kruger R., Noyer J.L., Heubl G., Linsenmair K.E., Boland W. Evolutionary change from induced to constitutive expression of an indirect plant resistance. Nature 2004, 430:205-208.
77. Heil M., Lion U., Boland W. Defense-inducing volatiles: In search of the active motif. Journal of Chemical Ecology 2008, 34:601-604.
78. Hilker M., Meiners T. Induction of plant responses to oviposition and feeding by herbivorous arthropods: a comparison. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 2002, 104:181-192.
79. Hilker M., Meiners T. Early herbivore alert: insect eggs induce plant defense. Journal of Chemical Ecology 2006, 32:1379-1397.
80. Holopainen J.K. Multiple functions of inducible plant volatiles. Trends in Plant Science 2004, 9:529-533.
81. Holzinger R., Sandoval-Soto L., Rottenberger S., Crutzen P.J., Kesselmeier J. Emissions of volatile organic compounds from Quercus ilex L. measured by Proton Transfer Reaction Mass Spectrometry under different environmental conditions. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres 2000, 105:20573-20579.
82. Howe G.A., Schilmiller A.L. Oxylipin metabolism in response to stress. Current Opinion in Plant Biology 2002, 5:230-236.
83. Huang Y., Ho S.H., Lee H.C., Yap Y.L. Insecticidal properties of eugenol, isoeugenol and methyleugenol and their effects on nutrition of Sitophilus zeamais Motsch (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Journal of Stored Products Research 2002, 38:403-412.
84. Ibrahim M.A., Stewart-Jones A., Pulkkinen J., Poppy G.M., Holopainen J.K. The influence of different nutrient levels on insect-induced plant volatiles in Bt and conventional oilseed rape plants. Plant Biology 2008, 10:97-107.
85. Il'ichev A.L., Kugimiya S., Williams D.G., Takabayashi J. Volatile compounds from young peach shoots attract males of oriental fruit moth in the field. Journal of Plant Interactions 2009, 4:289-294.
86. Imbiscuso G., Trotta A., Maffei M., Bossi S. Herbivory induces a ROS burst and the release of volatile organic compounds in the fern Pteris vittata L. Journal of Plant Interactions 2009, 4:15-22.
87. Jahodar L., Klecakova J. Toxicity with respect to pharmaceutically important species in the family Asteraceae. Chemicke Listy 1999, 93:320-326.
88. James D.G., Price T.S. Field-testing of methyl salicylate for recruitment and retention of beneficial insects in grapes and hops. Journal of Chemical Ecology 2004, 30:1613-1628.
89. Janmaat A.F., De Kogel W.J., Woltering E.J. Enhanced fumigant toxicity of p-cymene against Frankliniella occidentalis by simultaneous application of elevated levels of carbon dioxide. Pest Management Science 2002, 58:167-173.
90. Jerkovic I., Mastelic J. Composition of free and glycosidically bound volatiles of Mentha aquatica L. Croatica Chemica Acta 2001, 74:431-439.
91. Joo E., Van Langenhove H., Simpraga M., Steppe K., Amelynck C., Schoon N., Muller J.F., Dewulf J. Variation in biogenic volatile organic compound emission pattern of Fagus sylvatica L. due to aphid infection. Atmospheric Environment 2010, 44:227-234.
92. Kang S.H., Kim M.K., Seo D.K., Noh D.J., Yang J.O., Yoon C., Kim G.H. Comparative repellency of essential oils against Culex pipiens pallens (Diptera: Culicidae). Journal of the Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistry 2009, 52:353-359.
93. Kappers I.F., Aharoni A., Van Herpen T.W.J.M., Luckerhoff L.L.P., Dicke M., Bouwmeester H.J. Genetic engineering of terpenoid metabolism attracts, bodyguards to Arabidopsis. Science 2005, 309:2070-2072.
94. Katsir L., Chung H.S., Koo A.J.K., Howe G.A. Jasmonate signaling: a conserved mechanism of hormone sensing. Current Opinion in Plant Biology 2008, 11:428-435.
95. Kesselmeier J. Exchange of short-chain oxygenated volatile organic compounds (VOCs) between plants and the atmosphere: a compilation of field and laboratory studies. Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry 2001, 39:219-233.
96. Kesselmeier J., Staudt M. Biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOC): an overview on emission, physiology and ecology. Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry 1999, 33:23-88.
97. Kesselmeier J., Ciccioli P., Kuhn U., Stefani P., Biesenthal T., Rottenberger S., Wolf A., Vitullo M., Valentini R., Nobre A., Kabat P., Andreae M.O. Volatile organic compound emissions in relation to plant carbon fixation and the terrestrial carbon budget. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 2002, 16.
98. Kessler A., Baldwin I.T. Defensive function of herbivore-induced plant volatile emissions in nature. Science 2001, 291:2141-2144.
99. Kessler A., Baldwin I.T. Plant responses to insect herbivory: the emerging molecular analysis. Annual Review of Plant Biology 2002, 53:299-328.
100. Kessler A., Halitschke R., Diezel C., Baldwin I.T. Priming of plant defense responses in nature by airborne signaling between Artemisia tridentata and Nicotiana attenuata. Oecologia 2006, 148:280-292.
101. Kigathi R.N., Unsicker S.B., Reichelt M., Kesselmeier J., Gershenzon J., Weisser W.W. Emission of volatile organic compounds after herbivory from Trifolium pratense (L.) under laboratory and field conditions. Journal of Chemical Ecology 2009, 35:1335-1348.
102. Kleinhentz M., Jactel H., Menassieu P. Terpene attractant candidates of Dioryctria sylvestrella in maritime pine (Pinus pinaster) oleoresin, needles, liber, and headspace samples. Journal of Chemical Ecology 1999, 25:2741-2756.
103. Knudsen J.T., Eriksson R., Gershenzon J., Stahl B. Diversity and distribution of floral scent. Botanical Review 2006, 72:1-120.
104. Koeduka T., Fridman E., Gang D.R., Vassao D.G., Jackson B.L., Kish C.M., Orlova I., Spassova S.M., Lewis N.G., Noel J.P., Baiga T.J., Dudareva N., Pichersky E. Eugenol and isoeugenol, characteristic aromatic constituents of spices, are biosynthesized via reduction of a coniferyl alcohol ester. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2006, 103:10128-10133.
105. Kolosova N., Sherman D., Karlson D., Dudareva N. Cellular and subcellular localization of S-adenosyl-L-methionine: Benzoic acid carboxyl methyltransferase, the enzyme responsible for biosynthesis of the volatile ester methylbenzoate in snapdragon flowers. Plant Physiology 2001, 126:956-964.
106. Kost C., Heil M. Herbivore-induced plant volatiles induce an indirect defence in neighbouring plants. Journal of Ecology 2006, 94:619-628.
107. Kost C., Heil M. The defensive role of volatile emission and extrafloral nectar secretion for lima bean in nature. Journal of Chemical Ecology 2008, 34:2-13.
108. Kreuzwieser J., Kuhnemann F., Martis A., Rennenberg H., Urban W. Diurnal pattern of acetaldehyde emission by flooded poplar trees. Physiologia Plantarum 2000, 108:79-86.
109. Kuhn U., Rottenberger S., Biesenthal T., Wolf A., Schebeske G., Ciccioli P., Kesselmeier J. Strong correlation between isoprene emission and gross photosynthetic capacity during leaf phenology of the tropical tree species Hymenaea courbaril with fundamental changes in volatile organic compounds emission composition during early leaf development. Plant Cell and Environment 2004, 27:1469-1485.
110. Kunert G., Otto S., Rose U.S.R., Gershenzon J., Weisser W.W. Alarm pheromone mediates production of winged dispersal morphs in aphids. Ecology Letters 2005, 8:596-603.
111. Langenheim J.H. Higher-plant terpenoids - a phytocentric overview of their ecological roles. Journal of Chemical Ecology 1994, 20:1223-1280.
112. Lerdau M., Guenther A., Monson R. Plant production and emission of volatile organic compounds. Bioscience 1997, 47:373-383.
113. Lin C., Owen S.M., Penuelas J. Volatile organic compounds in the roots and rhizosphere of Pinus spp. Soil Biology & Biochemistry 2007, 39:951-960.
114. Loughrin J.H., Manukian A., Heath R.R., Turlings T.C.J., Tumlinson J.H. Diurnal cycle of emission of induced volatile terpenoids herbivore-injured cotton plants. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1994, 91:11836-11840.
115. Macias F.A., Molinillo J.M.G., Varela R.M., Galindo J.C.G. Allelopathy - a natural alternative for weed control. Pest Management Science 2007, 63:327-348.
116. Maeda T., Uefune M., Takabayashi J. Genetic variations in a population of herbivorous mites Tetranychus urticae in the production of the induced volatiles by kidney bean plants. Journal of Plant Interactions 2007, 2:89-91.
117. Maffei M. Vetiveria, the genus Vetiveria 2002, Taylor & Francis, London.
118. Maffei M., Gallino M., Sacco T. Glandular trichomes and essential oils of developing leaves in Mentha viridis lavanduliodora. Planta Medica 1986, 52:187-193.
119. Maffei M., Chialva F., Sacco T. Glandular trichomes and essential oils in developing peppermint leaves. I. Variation of peltate trichome number and terpene distribution within leaves. New Phytologist 1989, 111:707-716.
120. Maffei M.E., Mithofer A., Boland W. Before gene expression: early events in plant-insect interaction. Trends in Plant Science 2007, 12:310-316.
121. Maffei M.E., Mithofer A., Boland W. Insects feeding on plants: rapid signals and responses preceding the induction of phytochemical release. Phytochemistry 2007, 68:2946-2959.
122. Majetic C.J., Raguso R.A., Tonsor S.J., Ashman T.L. Flower color-flower scent associations in polymorphic Hesperis matronalis (Brassicaceae). Phytochemistry 2007, 68:865-874.
123. Mantyla E., Alessio G.A., Blande J.D., Heijari J., Holopainen J.K., Laaksonen T., Piirtola P., Klemola T. From plants to birds: higher avian predation rates in trees responding to insect herbivory. PLoS One 2008, 3.
124. Martin D.M., Gershenzon J., Bohlmann J. Induction of volatile terpene biosynthesis and diurnal emission by methyl jasmonate in foliage of Norway spruce. Plant Physiology 2003, 132:1586-1599.
125. Mayer C.J., Vilcinskas A., Gross J. Pathogen-induced release of plant allomone manipulates vector insect behavior. Journal of Chemical Ecology 2008, 34:1518-1522.
126. Mayer C.J., Vilcinskas A., Gross J. Phytopathogen lures its insect vector by altering host plant odor. Journal of Chemical Ecology 2008, 34:1045-1049.
127. Mithoefer A., Boland W., Maffei M.E. Chemical ecology of plant-insect interactions. Molecular Aspects of Plant Disease Resistance 2009, 261-291. Wiley-Blackwell, Chirchester. J. Parker (Ed.).
128. Mithöfer A., Wanner G., Boland W. Effects of feeding Spodoptera littoralis on lima bean leaves. II. Continuous mechanical wounding resembling insect feeding is sufficient to elicit herbivory-related volatile emission. Plant Physiology 2005, 137:1160-1168.
129. Moraes M.C.B., Laumann R.A., Pareja M., Sereno F.T.P.S., Michereff M.F.F., Birkett M.A., Pickett J.A., Borges M. Attraction of the stink bug egg parasitoid Telenomus podisi to defence signals from soybean activated by treatment with cis-jasmone. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 2009, 131:178-188.
130. Niinemets U., Loreto F., Reichstein M. Physiological and physicochemical controls on foliar volatile organic compound emissions. Trends in Plant Science 2004, 9:180-186.
131. Owen S.M., Penuelas J. Opportunistic emissions of volatile isoprenoids. Trends in Plant Science 2005, 10:420-426.
132. Owen S., Boissard C., Street R.A., Duckham S.C., Csiky O., Hewitt C.N. Screening of 18 Mediterranean plant species for volatile organic compound emissions. Atmospheric Environment 1997, 31:101-117.
133. Owen S.M., Boissard C., Hewitt C.N. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from 40 Mediterranean plant species: VOC speciation and extrapolation to habitat scale. Atmospheric Environment 2001, 35:5393-5409.
134. Padhy P.K., Varshney C.K. Emission of volatile organic compounds (VOC) from tropical plant species in India. Chemosphere 2005, 59:1643-1653.
135. Pare P.W., Tumlinson J.H. De novo biosynthesis of volatiles induced by insect herbivory in cotton plants. Plant Physiology 1997, 114:1161-1167.
136. Pare P.W., Tumlinson J.H. Induced synthesis of plant volatiles. Nature 1997, 385:30-31.
137. Paré P.W., Tumlinson J.H. Plant volatile signals in response to herbivore feeding. Florida Entomologist 1996, 79:93-103.
138. Park I.K., Lee S.G., Choi D.H., Park J.D., Ahn Y.J. Insecticidal activities of constituents identified in the essential oil from leaves of Chamaecyparis obtusa against Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) and Sitophilus oryzae (L.). Journal of Stored Products Research 2003, 39:375-384.
139. Park S.W., Kaimoyo E., Kumar D., Mosher S., Klessig D.F. Methyl salicylate is a critical mobile signal for plant systemic acquired resistance. Science 2007, 318:113-116.
140. Penuelas J., Llusia J. Plant VOC emissions: making use of the unavoidable. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 2004, 19:402-404.
141. Petersen M. Current status of metabolic phytochemistry. Phytochemistry 2007, 68:2847-2860.
142. Pichersky E., Gershenzon J. The formation and function of plant volatiles: perfumes for pollinator attraction and defense. Current Opinion in Plant Biology 2002, 5:237-243.
143. Pichersky E., Noel J.P., Dudareva N. Biosynthesis of plant volatiles: nature's diversity and ingenuity. Science 2006, 311:808-811.
144. Pinto D.M., Blande J.D., Nykanen R., Dong W.X., Nerg A.M., Holopainen J.K. Ozone degrades common herbivore-induced plant volatiles: does this affect herbivore prey location by predators and parasitoids?. Journal of Chemical Ecology 2007, 33:683-694.
145. Pinto D.M., Nerg A.M., Holopainen J.K. The role of ozone-reactive compounds, terpenes, and green leaf volatiles (GLVs), in the orientation of Cotesia plutellae. Journal of Chemical Ecology 2007, 33:2218-2228.
146. Pophof B., Stange G., Abrell L. Volatile organic compounds as signals in a plant-herbivore system: electrophysiological responses in olfactory sensilla of the moth Cactoblastis cactorum. Chemical Senses 2005, 30:51-68.
147. Powell G., Hardie J. The chemical ecology of aphid host alternation: how do return migrants find the primary host plant?. Applied Entomology and Zoology 2001, 36:259-267.
148. Powell G., Tosh C.R., Hardie J. Host plant selection byaphids: behavioral, evolutionary, and applied perspectives. Annual Review of Entomology 2006, 51:309-330.
149. Pozo M.J., Van Loon L.C., Pieterse C.M.J. Jasmonates - signals in plant-microbe interactions. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation 2004, 23:211-222.
150. Pridgeon A.M., Stern W.L. Ultrastructure of smophores in Restrepia (Orchidaceae). American Journal of Botany 1983, 70:1233-1243.
151. Proffit M., Schatz B., Bessiere J.M., Chen C., Soler C., Hossaert-McKey M. Signalling receptivity: comparison of the emission of volatile compounds by figs of Ficus hispida before, during and after the phase of receptivity to pollinators. Symbiosis 2008, 45:15-24.
152. Raguso R.A., Levin R.A., Foose S.E., Holmberg M.W., Mcdade L.A. Fragrance chemistry, nocturnal rhythms and pollination "syndromes" in Nicotiana. Phytochemistry 2003, 63:265-284.
153. Rasmann S., Turlings T.C.J. Simultaneous feeding by aboveground and belowground herbivores attenuates plant-mediated attraction of their respective natural enemies. Ecology Letters 2007, 10:926-936.
154. Rasmann S., Kollner T.G., Degenhardt J., Hiltpold I., Toepfer S., Kuhlmann U., Gershenzon J., Turlings T.C.J. Recruitment of entomopathogenic nematodes by insect-damaged maize roots. Nature 2005, 434:732-737.
155. Sasso R., Iodice L., Digilio M.C., Carretta A., Ariati L., Guerrieri E. Host-locating response by the aphid parasitoid Aphidius ervi to tomato plant volatiles. Journal of Plant Interactions 2007, 2:175-183.
156. Schmelz E.A., Alborn H.T., Engelberth J., Tumlinson J.H. Nitrogen deficiency increases volicitin-induced volatile emission, jasmonic acid accumulation, and ethylene sensitivity in maize. Plant Physiology 2003, 133:295-306.
157. Schmelz E.A., Carroll M.J., LeClere S., Phipps S.M., Meredith J., Chourey P.S., Alborn H.T., Teal P.E.A. Fragments of ATP synthase mediate plant perception of insect attack. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2006, 103:8894-8899.
158. Schmidt-Busser D., Von Arx M., Guerin P.M. Host plant volatiles serve to increase the response of male European grape berry moths, Eupoecilia ambiguella, to their sex pheromone. Journal of Comparative Physiology A-Neuroethology Sensory Neural and Behavioral Physiology 2009, 195:853-864.
159. 2 in a natural carbon dioxide spring. Plant Cell and Environment 2004, 27:393-401.
160. Sharkey T.D., Chen X.Y., Yeh S. Isoprene increases thermotolerance of fosmidomycin-fed leaves. Plant Physiology 2001, 125:2001-2006.
161. Sharkey T.D., Wiberley A.E., Donohue A.R. Isoprene emission from plants: why and how. Annals of Botany 2008, 101:5-18.
162. Shiojiri K., Kishimoto K., Ozawa R., Kugimiya S., Urashimo S., Arimura G., Horiuchi J., Nishioka T., Matsui K., Takabayashi J. Changing green leaf volatile biosynthesis in plants: an approach for improving plant resistance against both herbivores and pathogens. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2006, 103:16672-16676.
163. Singsaas E.L., Sharkey T.D. The effects of high temperature on isoprene synthesis in oak leaves. Plant Cell and Environment 2000, 23:751-757.
164. Smith C.M., Boyko E.V. The molecular bases of plant resistance and defense responses to aphid feeding: current status. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 2007, 122:1-16.
165. Snoeren T.A.L., De Jong P.W., Dicke M. Ecogenomic approach to the role of herbivore-induced plant volatiles in community ecology. Journal of Ecology 2007, 95:17-26.
166. Soler R., Bezemer T.M., Cortesero A.M., Van Der Putten W.H., Vet L.E.M., Harvey J.A. Impact of foliar herbivory on the development of a root-feeding insect and its parasitoid. Oecologia 2007, 152:257-264.
167. Soler R., Harvey J.A., Kamp A.F.D., Vet L.E.M., Van Der Putten W.H., Van Dam N.M., Stuefer J.F., Gols R., Hordijk C.A., Bezemer T.M. Root herbivores influence the behaviour of an aboveground parasitoid through changes in plant-volatile signals. Oikos 2007, 116:367-376.
168. Stamopoulos D.C., Damos P., Karagianidou G. Bioactivity of five monoterpenold vapours to Tribolium confusum (du Val) (Coleoptera:Tenebrionidae). Journal of Stored Products Research 2007, 43:571-577.
169. Strauss S.Y., Rudgers J.A., Lau J.A., Irwin R.E. Direct and ecological costs of resistance to herbivory. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 2002, 17:278-285.
170. Tentelier C., Fauvergue X. Herbivore-induced plant volatiles as cues for habitat assessment by a foraging parasitoid. Journal of Animal Ecology 2007, 76:1-8.
171. Teuber M., Zimmer I., Kreuzwieser J., Ache P., Polle A., Rennenberg H., Schnitzler J.P. VOC emissions of Grey poplar leaves as affected by salt stress and different N sources. Plant Biology 2008, 10:86-96.
172. Tholl D. Terpene synthases and the regulation, diversity and biological roles of terpene metabolism. Current Opinion in Plant Biology 2006, 9:297-304.
173. Tholl D., Boland W., Hansel A., Loreto F., Rose U.S.R., Schnitzler J.P. Practical approaches to plant volatile analysis. Plant Journal 2006, 45:540-560.
174. Ton J., D'Alessandro M., Jourdie V., Jakab G., Karlen D., Held M., Mauch-Mani B., Turlings T.C.J. Priming by airborne signals boosts direct and indirect resistance in maize. Plant Journal 2007, 49:16-26.
175. Truitt C.L., Pare P.W. In situ translocation of volicitin by beet armyworm larvae to maize and systemic immobility of the herbivore elicitor in planta. Planta 2004, 218:999-1007.
176. Truitt C.L., Wei H.X., Pare P.W. A plasma membrane protein from Zea mays binds with the herbivore elicitor volicitin. Plant Cell 2004, 16:523-532.
177. Tscharntke T., Thiessen S., Dolch R., Boland W. Herbivory, induced resistance, and interplant signal transfer in Alnus glutinosa. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 2001, 29:1025-1047.
178. Tunc I., Erler F. Repellency and repellent stability of essential oil constituents against Tribolium confusum. Zeitschrift fur Pflanzenkrankheiten und Pflanzenschutz-Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection 2003, 110:394-400.
179. Turlings T.C.J., Ton J. Exploiting scents of distress: the prospect of manipulating herbivore-induced plant odours to enhance the control of agricultural pests. Current Opinion in Plant Biology 2006, 9:421-427.
180. Turlings T.C.J., Tumlinson J.H., Lewis W.J. Exploitation of herbivore-induced plant odors by host-seeking parasitic wasps. Science 1990, 250:1251-1253.
181. Turner G., Gershenzon J., Nielson E.E., Froehlich J.E., Croteau R. Limonene synthase, the enzyme responsible for monoterpene biosynthesis in peppermint, is localized to leucoplasts of oil gland secretory cells. Plant Physiology 1999, 120:879-886.
182. Turner G.W., Gershenzon J., Croteau R.B. Distribution of peltate glandular trichomes on developing leaves of peppermint. Plant Physiology 2000, 124:655-663.
183. Ulman M., Chilmonczyk Z. Volatile organic compounds - components, sources, determination. A review. Chemia Analityczna 2007, 52:173-200.
184. Vallat A., Gu H.N., Dorn S. How rainfall, relative humidity and temperature influence volatile emissions from apple trees in situ. Phytochemistry 2005, 66:1540-1550.
185. Van Poecke R.M.P., Dicke M. Indirect defence of plants against herbivores: using Arabidopsis thaliana as a model plant. Plant Biology 2004, 6:387-401.
186. Van Poecke R.M.P., Dicke M. Indirect defence of plants against herbivores: using Arabidopsis thaliana as a model plant. Plant Biology 2004, 6:387-401.
187. Van Schie C.C.N., Haring M.A., Schuurink R.C. Tomato linalool synthase is induced in trichomes by jasmonic acid. Plant Molecular Biology 2007, 64:251-263.
188. Vassao D.G., Gang D.R., Koeduka T., Jackson B., Pichersky E., Davin L.B., Lewis N.G. Chavicol formation in sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum): cleavage of an esterified C9 hydroxyl group with NAD(P)H-dependent reduction. Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 2006, 4:2733-2744.
189. Velikova V.B. Isoprene as a tool for plant protection against abiotic stresses. Journal of Plant Interactions 2008, 3:1-15.
190. Verheggen F.J., Arnaud L., Bartram S., Gohy M., Haubruge E. Aphid and plant volatiles induce oviposition in an aphidophagous hoverfly. Journal of Chemical Ecology 2008, 34:301-307.
191. Viano J., Gaydou E., Smadja J. Sur la presence des bacteries intracellulaires dans les racines du Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Staph. Revue de Cytologie, Biologie Vegétal et Botanique 1991, 14:65-70.
192. Viano J., Smadja J., Conan J.Y., Gaydou E. Ultrastructure des racines de Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Staph (Gramineae). Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris FR), 4e sér. 1991, 13(section B 1-2):61-69.
193. 2 concentration. Atmospheric Environment 2004, 38:675-682.
194. 2 and different O-3 concentrations. Atmospheric Environment 2005, 39:1185-1197.
195. Vuorinen T., Nerg A.M., Syrjala L., Peltonen P., Holopainen J.K. Epirrita autumnata induced VOC emission of silver birch differ from emission induced by leaf fungal pathogen. Arthropod-Plant Interactions 2007, 1:159-165.
196. Wallin K.F., Raffa K.F. Feedback between individual host selection behavior and population dynamics in an eruptive herbivore. Ecological Monographs 2004, 74:101-116.
197. Walling L.L. The myriad plant responses to herbivores. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation 2000, 19:195-216.
198. Wanke M., Skorupinska-Tudek K., Swiezewska E. Isoprenoid biosynthesis via 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate/2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (DOXP/MEP) pathway. Acta Biochimica Polonica 2001, 48:663-672.
199. Wasternack C. Jasmonates: an update on biosynthesis, signal transduction and action in plant stress response, growth and development. Annals of Botany 2007, 100:681-697.
200. Webster B., Bruce T., Dufour S., Birkemeyer C., Birkett M., Hardie J., Pickett J. Identification of volatile compounds used in host location by the black bean aphid, Aphis fabae. Journal of Chemical Ecology 2008, 34:1153-1161.
201. Wu J.Q., Baldwin I.T. Herbivory-induced signalling in plants: perception and action. Plant Cell and Environment 2009, 32:1161-1174.
202. Zhu J.W., Park K.C. Methyl salicylate, a soybean aphid-induced plant volatile attractive to the predator Coccinella septempunctata. Journal of Chemical Ecology 2005, 31:1733-1746.
203. Zhu B.C.R., Henderson G., Chen F., Fei H.X., Laine R.A. Evaluation of vetiver oil and seven insect-active essential oils against the formosan subterranean termite. Journal of Chemical Ecology 2001, 27:1617-1625.