"Where fantasy becomes reality": How tourism forces made Brazil a sexual playground

Journal of Sustainable Tourism

Volumn 18, Issue 8, 2010, Pages 933-949

  Bandyopadhyay, Ranjan ^a   Nascimento, Karina ^a  

^a SAN JOSE STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Brazil; Colonialism; Destination image; Politics; Representations; Sensuality

Indexed keywords

COLONIALISM; CULTURE; POLITICAL ECONOMY; TOURISM MARKET; TOURIST DESTINATION;

BRAZIL;

EID: 77958497540     PISSN: 09669582     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/09669582.2010.497220     Document Type: Article

References (88)

1. 40,000 minors disappear a year in Brazil. (2006, January). Brazzil Magazine. Retrieved from http://www.brazzilmag.com/content/view/5067/54/
2. Alfonso, L.P. (2006). Embratur: Formadora de imagens da nac̃ ao ° brasileira (Unpublished Master's thesis). University of Campinas.
3. Altman, D. (2001). Global sex. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
4. Anand, D. (2007). Western colonial representations of the other: The case of exotica Tibet. New Political Science, 29(1), 23-42.
5. Arnold, D. (2006). The tropics and the traveling gaze: India, landscape, and science, 1800-1856. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press.
6. Assuncçåo, P. (2001). A terra dos Brasis: Um tapete de Flandres jamais visto. Revista Brasileira de Historia, 21(40), 217-236.
7. Bandyopadhyay, R. (2009). The perennial Western tourism representations of India that refuse to die. Tourism: An International Interdisciplinary Journal, 57(1), 23-36.
8. Bandyopadhyay, R. (2010). "You can do anything in Goa, India": Tourism as neo-colonialism. In P. Burns, A. Lester, & L. Bibbings (Eds.), Tourism and visual culture: Methods and cases. London: CAB International.
9. Bandyopadhyay, R., & Morais, D. (2005). Representative dissonance: India's self and Western image. Annals of Tourism Research, 32(4), 1006-1021.
10. Berger, A.A. (1989). Seeing is believing: An introduction to visual communication. Mountain View, CA: Mayfield.
11. Blanton, C. (2002). Travel writing: The self and the world. London: Routledge.
12. Bradbury, A. (1997). Guide to Brazil: Amazon, Pantanal, coastal region. Chalfont St Peter; Old Saybrook, CT: Bradt.
13. Britton, R. (1979). The image of the Third World in tourism marketing. Annals of Tourism Research, 6, 318-329.
14. Bruner, E. (1991). Transformation of self in tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 18, 238-250.
15. Caldwell, K.L. (2004). "Look at her hair": The body politics of black womanhood in Brazil. Transforming Anthropology, 11(2), 18-29.
16. Caminha, P.V. (1965). A carta de Pero Vaz de Caminha. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Agir.
17. Chambers, S.C. (2003). New perspectives in Latin American women's and gender history. Journal of Colonialism and Colonial History, 4(1), 4.
18. Chow-White, P.A. (2006). Race, gender and sex on the net: Semantic networks of selling and storytelling sex tourism. Media, Culture & Society, 28(6), 883-905.
19. Cleary, D., Jenkins, D., & Marshall, O. (1998). Brazil: The rough guide. London: Rough Guides.
20. Cobb, W.J. (2006, September). Blame it on Rio. Essence, 37(5), 204-208.
21. Cohane, O. (2007, May). Brazil's new beat. Conde Nast Traveler, 244. Retrieved from http://www.concierge.com/cntraveler/articles/10762?pageNumber=4
22. Cohen, E. (1982). The Pacific Islands from utopian myth to consumer product: The disenchantment of paradise. Cahiers du Tourisme, 27(serie B), 34.
23. Cohen, E. (1988). Tourism and AIDS in Thailand. Annals of Tourism Research, 15(9), 467-486.
24. Cohen, E. (1993). The study of touristic images of native people: Mitigating the stereotype of a stereotype. In D. Pearce & R. Butler (Eds.), Tourism research (pp. 36-69). London: Routledge.
25. Cohen, E. (1995). Contemporary tourism - trends and challenges. Sustainable authenticity or contrived post-modernity? In R. Butler & D. Pearce (Eds.), Change in tourism: People, places, processes (pp. 12-29). London: Routledge.
26. Constable, N. (2003). Romance on a global stage. London and Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press.
27. Cornelissen, S. (2005). Producing and imaging "place" and "people": The political economy of South African international tourist representation. Review of International Political Economy, 12(4), 674-699.
28. Derrida, J. (1995). The time is out of joint. In A. Haverkamp (Ed.), Deconstruction is/in America: A new sense of the political (pp. 14-38). New York, NY: New York University Press.
29. Dixon, A.D. (2006). Foreign tourism in Brazil: Is the sky the limit (Law and Diplomacy thesis). The Fletcher School, Tufts University.
30. Echtner, C.M., & Prasad, P. (2003). The context of third world tourism marketing. Annals of Tourism Research, 30(3), 660-682.
31. Ellenberg, C. (2007, April). The girls from Ipanema [Special section]. Conde Nast Traveler, B6. Retrieved from http://www.concierge.com/cntraveler/articles/10680
32. Fausto, B. (1999). A concise history of Brazil (A. Brakel, Trans.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. (Original work published 1930)
33. Favero, P. (2007). What a wonderful world! On the "touristic ways of seeing", the knowledge and the politics of the "culture industries of otherness". Tourist Studies, 7(51), 51-81.
34. Felizardo, A.P., & Andrade, V.V. (2005). Compatilhando experiências: O progresso das iniciativas brasileiras - equilibrando a responsabilidade social no enfrentamento a exploraç ão sexual de crianças e adolescentes no turismo. Natal, Brazil: Resposta.
35. Felsenmeier, D., & MacKay, K. (1996). Deconstructing destination image construction. Review de Tourisme, 2, 37-43.
36. Filho, J.S. (2005). A Ciência do Turismo se produz no processo das contradiç ões pistemológicas de seus saberes. Retreived from http://www.espacoacademico.com.br/047/47jsf.htm
37. Finger, C. (2003). Brazil pledges to eliminate sexual exploitation of children. Lancet, 361(9364), 1196.
38. Fonseca, P. (1996). Caminha e a Carta de "Achamento" do Brasil: Ideario e Estrategias Narrativas Confrontados em Colombo. Luso-Brazilian Review, 33(1), 99-120.
39. Foucault, M. (1977). Discipline and punish: The birth of the prison (A.M. Sheridan-Smith, Trans.). Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin.
40. Freyre, G. (1974). The reader. New York, NY: Borzoi.
41. Gill, A.A. (2007, September). Blame it on Brazil. Vanity Fair, 336-360.
42. Glasser, R. (1975). Life force or tranquilizer. Society and Leisure, 7(3), 17-26.
43. Gomes, T.M. (2004). Massais, mulatas, meretrizes: Imagens da sexualidade feminina no Rio de Janeiro dos anos 1920. Cadernos Pagu, 23, 121-147.
44. Graburn, N.H.H. (1983). Tourism and prostitution. Annals of Tourism Research, 10, 437-442.
45. Hahner, J.E. (2001). A Parisian in Brazil: The travel account of a Frenchwoman in nineteenth-century Rio de Janeiro. Wilmington, DE: SR Books.
46. Hall, S. (1992). The West and the rest: Discourse and power. In Stuart Hall & Bram Gieben (Eds.), Formations of modernity (pp. 275-330). Cambridge, UK: Open University Press/Polity.
47. Haring, C.H. (1958). Empire in Brazil: A New World experiment with monarchy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
48. Herold, E., Garcia, R., & DeMoya, T. (2001). Female tourists and beach boys romance or sex tourism? Annals of Tourism Research, 28(4), 978-997.
49. Hyndman, D. (2000). Dominant discourses of power relations and the Melanesian other: Interpreting the eroticized, effeminizing gaze in National Geographic. Cultural Analysis, 1, 15-33.
50. Jolly, M., & Manderson, L. (1997). Sites of desire, economies of pleasure. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
51. Kelsky, K. (2001). Women on the verge: Japanese women, Western dreams. Durham and London: Duke University Press.
52. Lawson, F., & Baud-Bovy, M. (1977). Tourism and recreational development. London: Architectural Press.
53. Maia, S. (2009). Intersections of the transnational Brazilian dancers in New York City's gentlemen's bars. Vibrant: Virtual Brazilian Anthropology, 6(1), 37-64.
54. McCallum, C. (2005). Racialized bodies, naturalized classes: Moving through the city of Salvador, Bahia. American Ethnologist, 32(1), 100-117.
55. Mercille, J. (2005). Media effects on image: The case of Tibet. Annals of Tourism Research, 32(4), 1039-1055.
56. Minini, R. (2004). O gigante desconhecido: No exterior, o Brasil se resume a carnaval, futebol emulheres bonitas. Retrieved from http://www.revistaparadoxo.com/materia.php?ido=1706
57. Nayar, P.K. (2005). Marvelous excesses: English travel writing and India, 1608-1727. Journal of British Studies, 44, 213-238.
58. Oppermann, M. (1999). Sex tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 26(2), 251-266.
59. Palmer, C. (1994). Tourism and colonialism: The experience of the Bahamas. Annals of Tourism Research, 21, 792-811.
60. Parker, R.G. (1991). Bodies, pleasures, and passions: Sexual culture in contemporary Brazil. Boston, MA: Beacon.
61. Piscitelli, A. (2001, August). On "gringos" and "natives": Gender and sexuality in the context of international sex tourism in Fortaleza, Brazil. Paper presented at the meeting of the Latin American Studies Association, Washington, DC.
62. Povinelli, E., & Chauncey, G. (1999). Thinking sexuality transnationally. Gay and Lesbian Quarterly, 5(4), 439-450.
63. Prado, L.A. (2006). Embratur: Formadora de imagens da nacão brasileira. São Paulo, Brazil: University of Campinas.
64. Pratt, M.L. (1992). Imperial eyes: Travel writing and transculturation. London: Routledge.
65. Pravaz, N. (2003). Brazilian mulatice: Performing race, gender, and the nation. Journal of Latin American Anthropology, 8(1), 116-147.
66. Pritchard, A., & Morgan, N. (2001). Culture, identity and tourism representation: Marketing Cymru or Wales? Tourism Management, 22(2), 167-179.
67. Pruth, C. (2008). Sex tourism and the importance of images. Glocal Times, 11, 1-13. Retrieved from http://www.glocaltimes.k3.mah.se/viewarticle.aspx?articleID=155&issueID=18
68. Rebhun, L.A. (2004). Sexuality, color, and stigma among northeast Brazilian women. Medical Anthropology Quarterly, 18(2), 183-199.
69. Richter, L.K. (2005). Exploring the political role of gender in tourism research. In W. Theobald (Ed.), Global Tourism (pp. 426-439). Burlington, MA: Elsevier.
70. Roberts, M. (2007). Blame it on Brazil. Vanity Fair. Retrieved from http://niwde.blogspot.com/2007/08/vanity-fairs-style-issue-viva-brazil.html
71. Robinson, J. Where next: Big picture - Brazil. National Geographic: Adventure. Retrieved from http://www.nationalgeographic.com/adventure/travel/brazil.html
72. Rocha, J. (2000). Brazil in focus: A guide to people, politics and culture. New York, NY: Interlink.
73. Rojek, C., & Urry, J. (1997). Touring cultures: Transformations of travel and theory. London: Rout-ledge.
74. Rosaldo, R. (1989). Imperialist nostalgia. Representations, 26(2), 107-22.
75. Ryan, C., & Hall, C.M. (2001). Sex tourism: Marginal people and liminalities. London: Routledge.
76. Said, E. (1979). Orientalism. New York, NY: Vintage.
77. Schellhorn, M., & Perkins, H.C. (2004). The stuff of which dreams are made: Representations of the South Sea in German language tourist brochures. Current Issues in Tourism, 7(2), 95-133.
78. Schroeder, J.A. (1998). Consuming representation: A visual approach to consumer research. In B.B. Stern (Ed.), Representing consumers: Voices, views and visions (p. 208). London: Routledge.
79. Selwyn, T. (Ed.). (1996). The tourist image: Myths and myth making in tourism. Chichester, UK: Wiley.
80. Silver, I. (1993). Marketing authenticity in Third World countries. Annals of Tourism Research 20, 302-318.
81. Spurr, D. (1993). Rhetoric of empire: Colonial discourse in journalism, travel writing, and imperial administration. London: Duke University Press.
82. Louis, R. (2008). Brazil (7th ed.). London: Lonely Planet.
83. Teltscher, K. (1995). India inscribed: European and British writing on India 1600-1800. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.
84. Tribe, T.C. (1996). The mulatto as artist and image in colonial Brazil. Oxford Art Journal, 19(1), 67-79.
85. Urry, J. (1990). The tourist gaze. London: Sage.
86. Urry, J. (1999). Sensing leisure spaces. In D. Crouch (Ed.), Leisure tourism geographies: Practices and geographical knowledge (pp. 34-45). London: Routledge.
87. Vincent, J.S. (2003). Culture and customs of Brazil. Westport, CT: Greenwood.
88. Wonders, N.A., & Michalowski, R. (2001). Bodies, borders, and sex tourism in a globalized world: A tale of two cities - Amsterdam and Havana. Social Problems, 48(4), 545-571.