Management of resistant arterial hypertension: Role of spironolactone versus double blockade of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

Journal of Hypertension

Volumn 28, Issue 11, 2010, Pages 2329-2335

  Alvarez Alvarez, Beatriz ^a   Abad Cardiel, María ^b   Fernandez Cruz, Arturo ^b   Martell Claros, Nieves ^b  

^a CS Andrés Mellado   (Spain)

^b HOSPITAL CLÍNICO SAN CARLOS   (Spain)

Author keywords

ambulatory blood pressure monitoring; potassium; renin aldosterone axis dual blockade; renin aldosterone ratio; resistant arterial hypertension; spironolactone

Indexed keywords

ANGIOTENSIN 1 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; ANGIOTENSIN 2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; POTASSIUM; SPIRONOLACTONE;

AGED; AMBULATORY MONITORING; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE THERAPY; ARTICLE; BLOOD PRESSURE MONITORING; BLOOD PRESSURE REGULATION; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; CROSSOVER PROCEDURE; FEMALE; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; LABORATORY TEST; MALE; OPEN STUDY; POTASSIUM BLOOD LEVEL; PREDICTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; RENIN ANGIOTENSIN ALDOSTERONE SYSTEM; TREATMENT DURATION; TREATMENT RESPONSE;

EID: 77958458225     PISSN: 02636352     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/HJH.0b013e32833d4c99     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Mancia G, De Backer G, Dominiczak A, Cifkova R, Fagard R, Germano G, et al. 2007 Guidelines for the Management of Arterial Hypertension: The Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). J Hypertens 2007; 25:1105-1187. (Pubitemid 46924065)
2. ALLHAT Officers and Coordinators for the ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group. Major outcomes in high-risk hypertensive patients randomized to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or calcium channel blocker vs diuretic: the antihypertensive and lipid-lowering treatment to prevent heart attack trial (ALLHAT). JAMA 2003; 288: 2981-2997.
3. Lim PO, Dow E, Brennan G, Jung RT, McDonald TM. High prevalence of primary aldosteronism in the Tayside hypertensive clinic population. J Hum Hypertens 2000; 14:311-315.
4. Lim PO, Rodgers P, Cardale K, Watson AD, McDonald TM. Potentially high prevalence of primary aldosteronism in a primary-care population. Lancet 1999; 353:40.
5. Lim PO, Jung RT, MacDonald TM. Raised aldosterone to renin ratio predicts antihypertensive efficacy of spironolactone: a prospective cohort follow-up study. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1999; 48:756-760.
6. Newton-Cheh Ch, Guo ChY, Gona P, Larson MG, Benjamin EJ, Wang TJ, et al. Clinical and genetical correlates of aldosterone-to-renin ratio and relations to blood pressure in a community sample. Hypertension 2007; 49:846-856.
7. Takeda Y, Furukawa K, Inaba S, Miyamori I, Mabuchi H. Genetic análisis of aldoterone synthase in patients with idiopathic aldosteronism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999; 84:1633-1637.
8. Stergiou GS, Skeva II, Baibas NM, Roussias LG, Kalkana CB, Achimastos AD, Mountokalakis TD. Additive hypotensive effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition and angiotensin-receptor antagonism in essential hypertension. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2000; 35:937-941.
9. Mogensen CE, Neldam S, Tikkanen I, Oren S, Viskoper R, Watts RW, Cooper IME. Randomised controlled trial of dual blockade of renin- angiotensin system in patients with hypertension, microalbuminuria, and noninsulin dependent diabetes: the Candesartan and Lisinopril Microalbuminuria (CALM) Study. BMJ 2000; 321:1440-1444.
10. Moser M, Setaro JF. Resistant or difficult to control hypertension. N Engl J Med 2006; 355:385-394.
11. Nakao N, Seno H, Kasuga H, Toriyama T, Kawahara H, Fukugawa M. Effects of combination treatment with Losartan and Trandolapril on office and ambulatory blood pressures in non-diabetic renal disease: a COOPERATE-ABP substudy. Am J Nephrol 2004; 24:543-548.
12. MacKinnon M, Shurraw S, Akbari A, Knoll GA, Jaffey J, Clark HD. Combination therapy with an angiotensin receptor blocker and an ACE inhibitor in proteinuric renal disease: a systematic review of the efficacy and safety data. Am J Kidney Dis 2006; 48:8-20.
13. Pratt-Ubunama MN, Nishizaka MK, Calhoun DA. Aldosterone antagonism: an emerging strategy for effective blood pressure lowering. Curr Hyperten Rep 2005; 7:186-192.
14. Williams B, Poulter NR, Brown MJ, Davis M, McInnes GT, Potter JF, et al. Guidelines for management of hypertension: report of the fourth working party of the British Hypertension Society. J Hum Hypertens 2004; 18:139-185. (Pubitemid 38425770)
15. Berecek KH, Farag A, Bahtiyar G, Rothman J, McFarlane SI. Adding low-dose spironolactone to multidrug regimens for resistant hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep 2004; 6:211-212.
16. Ouzan J, Perault C, Lincoff AM, Carré E, Mertes M. The role of spironolactone in the treatment of patients with resistant hypertension. Am J Hypertens 2002; 15:333-339. (Pubitemid 34408973)
17. Nishizaka MK, Zaman MA, Calhoun DA. Efficacy of low-dose spironolactone in subjects with resistant hypertension. Am J Hypertens 2003; 16:925-930.
18. Sharabi Y, Adler E, Shamis A, Nussinovitch N, Markovitz A, Grossman E. Efficacy of add-on aldosterone receptor blocker in uncontrolled hypertension. Am J Hypertens 2006; 19:750-755.
19. Lane DA, Shah S, Beevers DG. Low-dose spironolactone in the management of resistant hypertension: a surveillance study. J Hypertens 2007; 25:891-894.
20. Chapman N, Dobson J, Wilson S, Dahlöf B, Sever PS, Wedel H, Poulter NR, on behalf of the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial Investigators. Effect of spironolactone on blood pressure in subjects with resistant hypertension. Hypertension 2007; 49:839-845.
21. Calhoun DA, Jones D, Textor S, Goff DC, Murphy TP, Toto RD, et al. Resistant hypertension: diagnosis, evaluation and treatment. A scientific statement from the American Heart Association Professional Education Committee of the Council for High Blood Pressure Research. Hypertension 2008; 51:1403-1419.
22. ONTARGET investigators, Yusuf S, Teo KK, Pogue J, Dyal L, Copland I, Schumacher H, Degenais G, Sleight P, Anderson C. Telmisartan, ramipril, or both in patients at high risk for vascular events. N Engl J Med 2008; 358: 1547-1559.
23. Messerli FH. The sudden demise of dual renin-angiotensin system blockade or the soft science of the surrogate end point. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009; 53:468-470.
24. -2009 CHEP Recommendations for the Management of Hypertension. http://hypertension.ca/chep.
25. Tamargo J, Ló pez-Sendón J. Rationale and clinical evidence for the effects of new pharmacological treatments for heart failure. Rev Esp Cardiol 2004; 57:447-464.
26. Sartori M, Calò LA, Mascagna V, Realdi A, Macchini L, Ciccariello L, et al. Aldosterone and refractory hypertension: a prospective cohort study. Am J Hypertens 2006; 19:373-379.
27. Eide IK, Torjesen PA, Drolsum A, Babovic A, Lilledahl NP. Low-renin status in therapy-resistant hypertension a clue to efficient treatment. J Hypertens 2004; 22:2217-2226.
28. Laragh JH. Laragh's lessons for treating hypertension. Am J Hypertens 2001; 14:84-89.
29. Laragh JH, Sealey JE. Relevance of the plasma renin hormonal control system that regulates blood pressure and sodium balance for correctly treating hypertension and for evaluating ALLHAT. Am J Hypertens 2003; 16:407-415.
30. Schohn DC, Jahn HA, Pelletier BC. Dose-related cardiovascular effects of spironolactone. Am J Cardiol 1993; 71:40A-45A.
31. Staessen J, Lijnen P, Fagard R, Verschuren LJ, Amery A. Rise in plasma concentration of aldosterone during long-term angiotensin II suppression. J Endocrinol 1981; 91:457-465.
32. Martell N, Rodriguez-Cerrillo M, Grobbee DE, Lopez-Eady MD, Fernandez-Pinilla C, Avila M, et al. High prevalence of secondary hypertension and insulin resistance in patients with refractory hypertension. Blood Pressure 2003; 12:149-154.
33. Lamounier-Zepter V, Ehrhart-Bornstein M. Fat tissue metabolism and adrenal steroid secretion. Curr Hypertens Rep 2006; 8:30-34.
34. Goodfriend TL, Ball DL, Egan BM, Campbell WB, Nithipatikom K. Epoxy-keto derivative of linoleic acid stimulates aldosterone secretion. Hypertension 2004; 43:358-363.
35. Tuck ML, Sowers J, Dornfeld L, Kledzik G, Maxwell M. The effect of weight reduction on blood pressure, plasma renin activity, and plasma aldosterone levels in obese patients. N Engl J Med 1981; 304:930-933.
36. Dall'Asta C, Vedani P, Manunta P, Pizzocri P, Marchi M, Paganelli M, et al. Effect of weight loss through laparoscopic gastric banding on blood pressure, plasma renin activity and aldosterone levels in morbid obesity. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2009; 19:110-114.
37. Davidson RC. Discontinuation on antihypertensives unnecessary before aldosterone screening. Am J Kidney Dis 2001; 37:699-705.
38. Schwartz GL, Turner ST. Screening for primary aldosteronism in essential hypertension: diagnostic accuracy of the ratio of the plasma aldosterone concentration to plasma renin activity. Clin Chem 2005; 51:386-394.
39. Mahmud A, Mahgoub M, Hall M, Feely J. Does aldosterone-to-renin ratio predict the antihypertensive effect of the aldosterone antagonist spironolactone? Am J Hypertens 2005; 18:1631-1635.