Increased weed diversity, density and above-ground biomass in long-term organic crop rotations

Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems

Volumn 25, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 281-295

  Wortman, Sam E ^a   Lindquist, John L ^a   Haar, Milton J ^b   Francis, Charles A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA LINCOLN   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA   (United States)

Author keywords

animal manure; biodiversity; long term crop rotations; organic farming; perennial forage; weed seedbank

Indexed keywords

ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS; ALFALFA; CROP ROTATION; GRASS; GREEN MANURING; MAIZE; MANURE; ORGANIC FARMING; SORGHUM; SPECIES DIVERSITY; WEED; WEED CONTROL; WHEAT;

MEAD; NEBRASKA; UNITED STATES;

ANIMALIA; GLYCINE MAX; MEDICAGO SATIVA; SORGHUM BICOLOR; TRITICUM AESTIVUM; ZEA MAYS;

EID: 77958456500     PISSN: 17421705     EISSN: 17421713     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S174217051000030X     Document Type: Article

References (67)

1. El Titi, A. 1995. Ecological aspects of integrated farming. In D.M. Glen, M.P. Greaves, and H.M. Anderson (eds). Ecology and Integrated Farming Systems. John Wiley and Sons, New York. p. 243-256.
2. Altieri, M.A. 1994. Biodiversity and Pest Management in Agroecosystems. Food Product Press, New York.
3. Zimdahl, R.L. 2004. Weed-Crop Competition: A Review. Blackwell Publishing, Ames.
4. Leeson, J.Y., Sheard, J.W., and Thomas, A.G. 2000. Weed communities associated with arable Saskatchewan farm management systems. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 80:177-185.
5. Murphy, S.D., Clements, D.R., Belaoussoff, S., Kevan, P.G., and Swanton, C.J. 2006. Promotion of weed species diversity and reduction of weed seedbanks with conservation tillage and crop rotation. Weed Science 54:69-77.
6. Mahn, E.G. 1984. Structural changes of weed communities and populations. Vegetatio 58:79-85.
7. Wicks, G.A., Smika, D.E., and Hergert, G.W. 1988. Longterm effects of no-tillage in a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum)-sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)-fallow rotation. Weed Science 21:23-28.
8. Moreby, S.J. and Southway, S.E. 1999. Influence of autumn applied herbicides on summer and autumn food availability to birds in winter wheat fields in southern England. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 72:285-297.
9. Menalled, F.D., Gross, K.L., and Hammond, M. 2001. Weed aboveground and seedbank community responses to agricultural management systems. Ecological Applications 11:1586-1601.
10. Palmer, M.W. and Maurer, T.A. 1997. Does diversity beget diversity? A case study of crops and weeds. Journal of Vegetation Science 8:235-240.
11. USDA NOP. 2008. United States Department of Agriculture National Organic Program. Available at Web site http:// www.ams.usda.gov/ (accessed November 24, 2008).
12. Hooper, D.U., Chapin, F.S. III, and Ewel, J.J. 2005. Effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning: a consensus of current knowledge. Ecological Monographs 75:3-35.
13. Hald, A.B. 1999. Weed vegetation (wild flora) of long established organic versus conventional cereal fields in Denmark. Annals of Applied Biology 134:307-314.
14. Gruber, H., Handel, K., and Broschewitz, B. 2000. Influence of farming system on weeds in thresh crops of a six-year crop rotation. Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection 17:33-40.
15. Rydgerg, N.T. and Milberg, P. 2000. A survey of weeds in organic farming in Sweden. Biological Agriculture and Horticulture 18:175-185.
16. Moonen, A.C. and Barberi, P. 2004. Size and composition of the weed seedbank after 7 years of different cover-crop-maize management systems. Weed Research 44:163-177.
17. Davis, A.S., Renner, K.A., and Gross, K.L. 2005. Weed seedbank and community shifts in a long-term cropping systems experiment. Weed Science 53:296-306.
18. Cavers, P.B. 1995. Seed banks: memory in soil. Canadian Journal of Soil Science 75:11-13.
19. Thompson, K., Bakker, J., and Bekker, R. 1997. The Soil Seed Banks of North West Europe: Methodology, Density, and Longevity. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
20. Buhler, D.D., Hartzler, R.G., and Forcella, F. 1997. Implications of weed seedbank dynamics to weed management. Weed Science 45:329-336.
21. Barberi, P. and Lo Cascio, B. 2001. Long-term tillage and crop rotation effects on weed seedbank size and composition. Weed Research 41:325-340.
22. Mayor, J.P. and Dessaint, F. 1998. Influence of weed management strategies on soil seedbank diversity. Weed Research 38:95-105.
23. Squire, G.R., Rodger, S., and Wright, G. 2000. Communityscale seedbank response to less intense rotation and reduced herbicide input at three sites. Annals of Applied Biology 136:47-57.
24. Hyvonen, T. and Salonen, J. 2003. Weed seedbank development under low-input and conventional cropping practices. Aspects of Applied Biology 69:119-124.
25. Legere, A., Stevenson, F.C., and Benoit, D.L. 2005. Diversity and assembly of weed communities: contrasting responses across cropping systems. Weed Research 45: 303-315.
26. Liebman, M. and Dyck, E. 1993. Crop rotation and intercropping strategies for weed management. Ecological Applications 3:92-122.
27. Barberi, P., Silvestri, N., and Bonari, E. 1997. Weed communities of winter wheat as influenced by input level and rotation. Weed Research 37:301-313.
28. Clay, S.A. and Aguilar, I. 1998. Weed seedbanks and corn growth following continuous corn or alfalfa. Agronomy Journal 90:813-818.
29. Cardina, J., Herms, C.P., and Doohan, D.J. 2002. Crop rotation and tillage system effects on weed seedbanks. Weed Science 50:448-460.
30. Teasdale, J.R., Mangum, R.W., Radhakrishnan, J., and Cavigelli, M.A. 2004. Weed seedbank dynamics in three organic farming crop rotations. Agronomy Journal 96: 1429-1435.
31. Cavigelli, M.A., Teasdale, J.R., and Conklin, A.E. 2008. Long-term agronomic performance of organic and conventional field crops in the Mid-Atlantic region. Agronomy Journal 100:785-794.
32. Menalled, F.D., Liebman, M., and Buhler, D.D. 2004. Impact of composted swine manure and tillage on common waterhemp (Amaranthus rudis) competition with soybean. Weed Science 52:605-613.
33. Walz, E. 1999. Third Biennial Organic Farmers Survey. Organic Farming Research Foundation, Santa Cruz, CA.
34. [MNDA] Minnesota Department of Agriculture. 2007. Overview: Experiences and outlook of Minnesota organic farmers. Available at Web site http://www.mda.state.mn.us/news/ publications/food/organicgrowing/ 2007orgsurvresults.pdf (accessed August 24, 2009).
35. Lesoing, G. 1992. Alternative cropping systems for eastern Nebraska. Doctoral dissertation, University of Nebraska- Lincoln.
36. Drinkwater, L.E. 2002. Cropping systems research: reconsidering agricultural experimental approaches. HortTechnology 12:355-361.
37. Colbach, N., Dessaint, F., and Forcella, F. 2000. Evaluating field-scale sampling methods for the estimation of mean plant densities of weeds. Weed Research 40:411-430.
38. Wiles, L.J., Barlin, D.H., Schweizer, E.E., Duke, H.R., and Whitt, D.E. 1996. A new soil sampler and elutriator for collecting and extracting weed seeds from soil. Weed Technology 10:35-41.
39. Sosnoskie, L.M., Herms, C.P., and Cardina, J. 2006. Weed seedbank composition in a 35-yr-old tillage and rotation experiment. Weed Science 54:263-273.
40. Liebman, M. and Davis, A. 2000. Integration of soil, crop and weed management in low-external-input farming systems. Weed Research 40:27-47.
41. Mt. Pleasant, J. and Schlather, K.J. 1994. Incidence of weed seed in cow (Bos sp.) manure and its importance as a weed source for cropland. Weed Technology 8:304-310.
42. Hume, L. 1987. Long-term effects of 2,4-D application on plants. I. Effects on the weed community in a wheat crop. Canadian Journal of Botany 65:2530-2536.
43. Kegode, G.O., Forcella, F., and Clay, S. 1999. Influence of crop rotation, tillage, and management inputs on weed seed production. Weed Science 47:175-183.
44. Sjursen, H. 2001. Change of the weed seed bank during the first complete six-course crop rotation after conversion from conventional to organic farming. Biological Agriculture and Horticulture 19:71-90.
45. Porter, P.M., Huggins, D.R., Perillo, C.A., Quiring, S.R., and Crookston, R.K. 2003. Organic and other management strategies with two- and four-year crop rotations in Minnesota. Agronomy Journal 95:233-244.
46. Risser, P.G. 1969. Competitive relationships among herbaceous grassland plants. The Botanical Review 35:251-284.
47. Norris, R.F. and Ayres, D. 1991. Cutting interval and irrigation timing in alfalfa: yellow foxtail invasion and economic analysis. Agronomy Journal 83:552-558.
48. Teasdale, J.R. and Daughtry, C.S.T. 1993. Weed suppression by live and dessicated hairy vetch (Vicia villosa). Weed Science 41:207-212.
49. Roberts, H.A. and Feast, P.M. 1973. Changes in the numbers of viable weed seeds in soil under different regimes. Weed Research 13:298-303.
50. Seibert, A.C. and Pearce, R.B. 1993. Growth analysis of weed and crop species with reference to seed weight. Weed Science 41:52-56.
51. Tilman, D. 1987. Secondary succession and the pattern of plant dominance along experimental nitrogen gradients. Ecological Monographs 57:189-214.
52. Aerts, R., Berendse, F., de Caluwe, H., and Schmitz, M. 1990. Competition in heathland along an experimental gradient of nutrient availability. Oikos 57:310-318.
53. Wedin, D. and Tilman, D. 1993. Competition among grasses along a nitrogen gradient: initial conditions and mechanisms of competition. Ecological Monographs 63:199-229.
54. Wortman, S. 2009. Long-term organic and conventional crop rotations: yields, soil fertility and weed communities. M.S. thesis, University of Nebraska-Lincoln.
55. Ball, D.A. 1992. Weed seedbank response to tillage, herbicides, and crop rotation sequence. Weed Science 40:654-659.
56. Posner, J.L., Baldock, J.O., and Hedtcke, J.L. 2008. Organic and conventional production systems in the Wisconsin integrated cropping systems trials. I. Productivity 1990-2002. Agronomy Journal 100:253-260.
57. Hoffman, M., Weston, L., Snyder, J., and Regnier, E. 1996. Allelopathic influence of germinating seeds and seedlings of cover crops on weed species. Weed Science 44:579-584.
58. Ma, Y. 2005. Allelopathic studies of common wheat. Weed Biology and Management 5:93-104.
59. Zasada, I.A., Linker, H.M., and Coble, H.D. 1997. Initial weed densities affect no-tillage weed management with a rye (Secale cereale) cover crop. Weed Technology 11:473-477.
60. Buhler, D.D. 1999. Weed population responses to weed control practices. I. Seedbank, weed populations and crop yields. Weed Science 47:416-422.
61. Bond, W. and Grundy, A.C. 2001. Non-chemical weed management in organic farming systems. Weed Research 41:383-405.
62. Liebman, M. and Davis, A.S. 2009. Managing weeds in organic farming systems: an ecological approach. In C. Francis (ed.). Organic Farming: The Ecological System. Agronomy Monograph 54, ASA-CSSA-SSSA, Madison, WI. p. 173-195.
63. Liebman, M. and Gallandt, E.R. 1997. Many little hammers: ecological approaches for management of crop-weed interactions. In L.E. Jackson (ed.). Ecology in Agriculture. Academic Press, San Diego, CA.
64. Marshall, E.J.P., Brown, V.K., Boatman, N.D., Lutman, P.J.W., Squire, G.R., and Ward, L.K. 2003. The role of weeds in supporting biological diversity within crop fields. Weed Research 43:77-89.
65. Swift, M.J. and Anderson, J.M. 1994. Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function in Agricultural Systems. In E.D. Schulze and H.A. Mooney (eds). Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. p. 15-41.
66. Mader, P., Fliebbbach, A., Dubois, D., Gunst, L., Fried, P., and Niggli, R. 2002. Soil fertility and biodiversity in organic farming. Science 296:1694-1697.
67. Mineau, P. and McLaughlin, A. 1996. Conservation of biodiversity within Canadian agricultural landscapes: integrating habitat for wildlife. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 9:93-113.