Detecting and defusing cognitive traps: Metacognitive intervention in schizophrenia

Current Opinion in Psychiatry

Volumn 23, Issue 6, 2010, Pages 561-569

  Moritz, Steffen ^a   Vitzthum, Francesca ^a   Randjbar, Sarah ^a   Veckenstedt, Ruth ^a   Woodward, Todd S ^b,c  

^a UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER HAMBURG EPPENDORF   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

^c BC Mental Health and Addictions Research Institute   (Canada)

Author keywords

Cognition; cognitive bias; metacognition; metacognitive training; schizophrenia

Indexed keywords

BASIC RESEARCH; CLINICAL EFFECTIVENESS; COGNITION; COGNITIVE THERAPY; DELUSION; HUMAN; MEMORY; MEMORY CONSOLIDATION; MENTAL FUNCTION; PATHOGENESIS; PHYTOREMEDIATION; POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE SYNDROME SCALE; PSYCHOEDUCATION; PSYCHOLOGIC ASSESSMENT; PSYCHOTHERAPY; REVIEW; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SELF ESTEEM;

COGNITION; COGNITION DISORDERS; COGNITIVE THERAPY; HUMANS; MEMORY DISORDERS; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SCHIZOPHRENIC PSYCHOLOGY; SELF CONCEPT; THEORY OF MIND;

EID: 77958165331     PISSN: 09517367     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/YCO.0b013e32833d16a8     Document Type: Review

References (78)

1. Freud S. Psychoanalytische Bemerkungen ü ber einen autobiographisch beschriebenen Fall von Paranoia (Dementia paranoides) [Psychoanalytic notes upon an autobiographical account of a case of paranoia (Dementia paranoides), English edition, London: Hogarth Press; 1950. pp. 387-466].
2. In Fischer FS, editor. Gesammelte Werke, Bd. 8; 1911. pp. 240-320.
3. Walker C. Delusion: what did Jaspers really say? Br J Psychiatry 1991; 159 (Suppl 14):94-103.
4. Patterson TL, Leeuwenkamp OR. Adjunctive psychosocial therapies for the treatment of schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2008; 100:108-119.
5. Tai S, Turkington D. The evolution of cognitive behavior therapy for schizophrenia: current practice and recent developments. Schizophr Bull 2009; 35:865-873.
6. Wykes T, Steel C, Everitt B, Tarrier N. Cognitive behavior therapy for schizophrenia: effect sizes, clinical models, and methodological rigor. Schizophr Bull 2008; 34:523-537.
7. Lincoln TM, Wilhelm K, Nestoriuc Y. Effectiveness of psychoeducation for relapse, symptoms, knowledge, adherence and functioning in psychotic disorders: a meta-analysis. Schizophr Res 2007; 96:232-245.
8. McGurk SR, Twamley EW, Sitzer DI, et al. A meta-analysis of cognitive remediation in schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 2007; 164:1791-1802.
9. Roder V, Medalia A. Neurocognition and social cognition in schizophrenia patients. Basic concepts and treatments. Basel, Switzerland: Karger; 2010.
10. Shafran R, Clark DM, Fairburn CG, et al. Mind the gap: Improving the dissemination of CBT. Behav Res Ther 2009; 47:902-909.
11. Elkis H. Treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Psychiatr Clin N Am 2007; 30:511-533.
12. Byerly MJ, Nakonezny PA, Lescouflair E. Antipsychotic medication adherence in schizophrenia. Psychiatr Clin N Am 2007; 30:437-452.
13. Lieberman JA, Stroup TS, McEvoy JP, et al. Effectiveness of antipsychotic drugs in patients with chronic schizophrenia. N Engl J Med 2005; 353:1209-1223.
14. Moritz S, Peters MJV, Karow A, et al. Cure or curse? Ambivalent attitudes towards neuroleptic medication in schizophrenia and nonschizophrenia patients. Ment Illness 2009; 1:4-9.
15. Leucht S, Arbter D, Engel RR, et al. How effective are second-generation antipsychotic drugs? A meta-analysis of placebo-controlled trials. Mol Psychiatry 2009; 14:429-447.
16. Freeman D. Suspicious minds: the psychology of persecutory delusions. Clin Psychol Rev 2007; 27:425-457.
17. Van der Gaag M. A neuropsychiatric model of biological and psychological processes in the remission of delusions and auditory hallucinations. Schizophr Bull 2006; 32 (Suppl 1):113-122.
18. Medalia A, Thysen J, Freilich B. Do people with schizophrenia who have objective cognitive impairment identify cognitive deficits on a self report measure? Schizophr Res 2008; 105:156-164.
19. Huddy VC, Reeder C, Wykes T. What factors predict awareness of cognitive problems in people with schizophrenia? Schizophr Res 2010; 117:214.
20. Moritz S, Ferahli S, Naber D. Memory and attention performance in psychiatric patients: lack of correspondence between clinician-rated and patient-rated functioning with neuropsychological test results. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2004; 10:623-633.
21. Perivoliotis D, Grant PM, Peters ER, et al. Cognitive insight predicts favorable outcome in cognitive behavioral therapy for psychosis. Psychosis 2010; 2:23-33.
22. Freeman D, Garety P, Kuipers E, et al. Delusions and decision-making style: use of the Need for Closure Scale. Behav Res Ther 2006; 44:1147-1158.
23. Moritz S, Woodward TS, Metacognition Study Group. Metacognitive Training for Schizophrenia (MCT). Manual. 4th ed. Hamburg: VanHam Campus; 2010. The MCT manual and modules can be obtained cost-free in over 15 languages at www.uke.de/mkt.
24. Mü ller DR, Roder V. Integrated psychological therapy and integrated neurocognitive therapy. In: Roder V, Medalia A, editors. Neurocognition and social cognition in schizophrenia patients. Basic concepts and treatment. Karger; 2010. pp. 118-144.
25. Lysaker PH, Dimaggio G, Carcione A, et al. Metacognition and schizophrenia: The capacity for self-reflectivity as a predictor for prospective assessments of work performance over six months. Schizophr Res (in press).
26. Mesholam-Gately RI, Giuliano AJ, Goff KP, et al. Neurocognition in firstepisode schizophrenia: a meta-analytic review. Neuropsychology 2009; 23:315-336.
27. Moritz S, Veckenstedt R, Hottenrott B, et al. Different sides of the same coin? Intercorrelations of cognitive biases in schizophrenia. Cogn Neuropsychiatry (in press).
28. Fine C, Gardner M, Craigie J, Gold I. Hopping, skipping or jumping to conclusions? Clarifying the role of the JTC bias in delusions. Cogn Neuropsychiatry 2007; 12:46-77.
29. Garety PA, Hemsley DR, Wessely S. Reasoning in deluded schizophrenic and paranoid patients. Biases in performance on a probabilistic inference task. J Nerv Ment Dis 1991; 179:194-201.
30. Lincoln TM, Ziegler M, Mehl S, Rief W. The jumping to conclusions bias in delusions: specificity and changeability. J Abnorm Psychol 2010; 119:40-49.
31. Moritz S, Veckenstedt R, Randjbar S, et al. Decision making under uncertainty and mood induction: further evidence for liberal acceptance in schizophrenia. Psychol Med 2009; 39:1821-1829.
32. Speechley WJ, Whitman JC, Woodward TS. The contribution of hypersalience to the 'jumping to conclusions' bias associated with delusions in schizophrenia. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2010; 35:7-17.
33. Moritz S, Woodward TS. Jumping to conclusions in delusional and nondelusional schizophrenic patients. Br J Clin Psychol 2005; 44:193-207.
34. Peters E, Garety P. Cognitive functioning in delusions: a longitudinal analysis. Behav Res Ther 2006; 44:481-514.
35. Freeman D, Pugh K, Garety P. Jumping to conclusions and paranoid ideation in the general population. Schizophr Res 2008; 102:254-260.
36. Lincoln TM, Lange J, Burau J, et al. The effect of state anxiety on paranoid ideation and jumping to conclusions. An experimental investigation. Schizophr Bull (in press).
37. Glöckner A, Moritz S. A fine-grained analysis of the jumping-to-conclusions bias in schizophrenia: Data-gathering, response confidence, and information integration. Judg Dec Making 2009; 4:587-600.
38. Bentall RP, Rowse G, Shryane N, et al. The cognitive and affective structure of paranoid delusions: a transdiagnostic investigation of patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and depression. Archiv Gen Psychiatry 2009; 66:236-247.
39. Moritz S, Woodward TS, Burlon M, et al. Attributional style in schizophrenia: Evidence for a decreased sense of self-causation in currently paranoid patients. Cogn Ther Res 2007; 31:371-383.
40. Lincoln TM, Mehl S, Exner C, et al. Attributional style and persecutory delusions. Evidence for an event independent and state specific externalpersonal attribution bias for social situations. Cogn Ther Res 2010; 34:297-302.
41. Randjbar S, Veckenstedt R, Vitzthum F, et al. Attributional biases in paranoid schizophrenia: Further evidence for a decreased sense of self-causation in paranoia. Psychosis (in press).
42. Bentall RP, Corcoran R, Howard R, et al. Persecutory delusions: a review and theoretical integration. Clin Psychol Rev 2001; 21:1143-1192.
43. Moritz S, Veckenstedt R, Randjbar S, et al. Course and determinants of selfesteem in people diagnosed with schizophrenia during psychiatric treatment. Psychosis 2010; 2:144-153.
44. Freeman D, Garety P, Fowler D, et al. The London-East Anglia randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behaviour therapy for psychosis. IV: Self-esteem and persecutory delusions. Br J Clin Psychol 1998; 37:415-430.
45. Buckley PF, Miller BJ, Lehrer DS, Castle DJ. Psychiatric comorbidities and schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2009; 35:383-402.
46. Moritz S, Peters MJV, Larøi F, Lincoln TM. Metacognitive beliefs in obsessivecompulsive patients: a comparison with healthy and schizophrenia participants. Cogn Neuropsychiatry (in press).
47. Morrison AP, Baker CA. Intrusive thoughts and auditory hallucinations: a comparative study of intrusions in psychosis. Behav Res Ther 2000; 38:1097-1106.
48. Fisher P, Wells A. Metacognitive therapy. East Sussex: Routledge; 2009.
49. Brekke JS, Nakagami E. The relevance of neurocognition and social cognition for outcome and recovery in schizophrenia. In: Roder V, Medalia A, editors. Neurocognition and social cognition in schizophrenia patients. Basic concepts and treatment. Karger; 2010. pp. 23-36.
50. Kircher TT, Koch K, Stottmeister F, Durst V. Metacognition and reflexivity in patients with schizophrenia. Psychopathology 2007; 40:254-260.
51. Doré MC, Caza N, Gingras N, Rouleau N. Deficient relational binding processes in adolescents with psychosis: evidence from impaired memory for source and temporal context. Cogn Neuropsychiatry 2007; 12:511-536.
52. Moritz S, Woodward TS. Metacognitive control over false memories: a key determinant of delusional thinking. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2006; 8:184-190.
53. Warman DM. Reasoning and delusion proneness: confidence in decisions. J Nerv Ment Dis 2008; 196:9-15.
54. Woodward TS, Buchy L, Moritz S, Liotti M. A bias against disconfirmatory evidence is associated with delusion proneness in a nonclinical sample. Schizophr Bull 2007; 33:1023-1028.
55. Colbert SM, Peters ER, Garety PA. Delusions and belief flexibility in psychosis. Psychol Psychother Theory Res Pract 2010; 83:45-57.
56. Woodward TS, Moritz S, Chen EY. The contribution of a cognitive bias against disconfirmatory evidence (BADE) to delusions: a study in an Asian sample with first episode schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Schizophr Res 2006; 83:297-298.
57. Woodward TS, Moritz S, Cuttler C, Whitman JC. The contribution of a cognitive bias against disconfirmatory evidence (BADE) to delusions in schizophrenia. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2006; 28:605-617.
58. Woodward TS, Moritz S, Menon M, Klinge R. Belief inflexibility in schizophrenia. Cogn Neuropsychiatry 2008; 13:267-277.
59. Moritz S, Woodward TS. A generalized bias against disconfirmatory evidence in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2006; 142:157-165.
60. Buchy L, Woodward TS, Liotti M. A cognitive bias against disconfirmatory evidence (BADE) is associated with schizotypy. Schizophr Res 2007; 90:334-337.
61. Bora E, Yuecel M, Pantelis C. Theory of mind impairment: a distinct traitmarker for schizophrenia spectrum disorders and bipolar disorder? Acta Psychiatr Scand 2009; 120:253-264.
62. Brüne M. 'Theory of mind' in schizophrenia: a review of the literature. Schizophr Bull 2005; 31:21-42.
63. Li H, Chan RC, McAlonan GM, Gong QY. Facial emotion processing in schizophrenia: a meta-analysis of functional neuroimaging data. Schizophr Bull (in press).
64. Mehl S, Rief W, Lüllmann E, et al. Are Theory of Mind deficits in understanding intentions of others associated with persecutory delusions? J Nerv Ment Dis (in press).
65. Koelkebeck K, Pedersen A, Suslow T, et al. Theory of mind in first-episode schizophrenia patients: correlations with cognition and personality traits. Schizophr Res 2010; 119:115-123.
66. Woodward TS, Mizrahi R, Menon M, Christensen BK. Correspondences between theory of mind, jumping to conclusions, neuropsychological measures and the symptoms of schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2009; 170:119-123.
67. Moritz S, Woodward TS. Metacognitive training for schizophrenia patients (MCT): a pilot study on feasibility, treatment adherence, and subjective efficacy. German J Psychiatry 2007; 10:69-78.
68. Favrod J, Bardy-Linder S, Pernier S, et al. Metacognitive training for schizophrenia patients [in French]. In: Cottraux J, editor. TCC et neurosciences. Elsevier Masson SAS; 2009. pp. 103-114.
69. Gaweda L, Moritz S, Kokoszka A. The metacognitive training for schizophrenia patients: description of method and experiences from clinical practice. Psychiatr Pol 2009; 43:683-692.
70. Kupper Z, Tschacher W. Lack of concordance between subjective improvement and symptom change in psychotic episodes. Br J Clin Psychol 2008; 47:75-93.
71. Aghotor J, Pfueller U, Moritz S, et al. Metacognitive training for patients with schizophrenia (MCT): feasibility and preliminary evidence for its efficacy. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2010; 41:207-211.
72. Ross K, Freeman D, Dunn G, Garety P. A randomized experimental investigation of reasoning training for people with delusions. Schizophr Bull (in press).
73. Kumar D, Zia Ul Haq M, Dubey I, et al. Effect of meta-cognitive training in the reduction of positive symptoms in schizophrenia. Eur J Psychother Couns (in press).
74. Kerstan A. Evaluation des Metakognitiven Trainings bei chronisch schizophren erkrankten Menschen. Hamburg: University of Hamburg; 2009.
75. Moritz S, Veckenstedt R, Randjbar S, Vitzthum F. Individualized metacognitive therapy for people with psychosis (MCT+) [in German]. Heidelberg: Springer (in press).
76. Moritz S, de Boer K, Vitzthum F, et al. A review on metacognitive training in schizophrenia: from basic research to intervention. In: Gaag Mv, Valmaggia L, editors. Psychose voor gz-psychologen. Koninklijke Van Gorcum BV (in press).
77. Mizrahi R, Kiang M, Mamo DC, et al. The selective effect of antipsychotics on the different dimensions of the experience of psychosis in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Schizophr Res 2006; 88:111-118.
78. Lim C, Chong SA, Keefe RS. Psychosocial factors in the neurobiology of schizophrenia: a selective review. Ann Acad Med Singapore 2009; 38:402-406.