Focus information is used to interpret binocular images

Journal of Vision

Volumn 10, Issue 5, 2010, Pages

  Hoffman, David M ^a   Banks, Martin S ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

3D displays; Accommodation; Binocular vision; Blur; Correspondence problem; Focus cues; Monocular occlusion; Stereo transparency; Stereopsis; Volumetric display

Indexed keywords

ACCOMMODATION; ADULT; ARTICLE; ASSOCIATION; BINOCULAR VISION; COMPARATIVE STUDY; DEPTH PERCEPTION; HUMAN; PATTERN RECOGNITION; PERCEPTION; PHYSIOLOGY; PSYCHOLOGICAL MODEL;

ACCOMMODATION, OCULAR; ADULT; CUES; DEPTH PERCEPTION; HUMANS; MODELS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; PATTERN RECOGNITION, VISUAL; PERCEPTUAL MASKING; VISION DISPARITY; VISION, BINOCULAR;

EID: 77958146603     PISSN: None     EISSN: 15347362     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1167/10.5.13     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Akeley, K., Watt, S. J., Girshick, A. R., & Banks, M. S. (2004). A stereo display prototype with multiple focal distances. ACM Transactions on Graphics, 23, 804-813.
2. Akerstrom, R. A., & Todd, J. T. (1988). The perception of stereoscopic transparency. Perception & Psychophysics, 44, 421-432.
3. Anderson, B. L., & Nakayama, K. (1994). Toward a general theory of stereopsis: Binocular matching, occluding contours and fusion. Psychological Review, 101, 414-445.
4. Atchison, D. A., Fisher, S. W., Pedersen C. A., & Ridall, P. G. (2005). Noticeable, troublesome and objectionable limits of blur. Vision Research, 45, 1967-1974.
5. Backus, B. T., Banks, M. S., van Ee, R., & Crowell, J. A. (1999). Horizontal and vertical disparity, eye position, and stereoscopic slant perception. Vision Research, 39, 1143-1170.
6. Bahill, A. T., Adler, D., & Stark, L. (1975). Most naturally occurring human saccades have magnitudes of 15 degrees or less. Investigative Ophthalmology & Vision Science, 14, 468-469.
7. Ball, E. A. W. (1952). A study in consensual accommodation. American Journal of Optometry, 29, 561-574.
8. Banks, M. S., Gepshtein, S., & Landy, M. S. (2004). Why is stereoresolution so low? Journal of Neuroscience, 24, 2077-2089.
9. Belhumeur, P. N., & Mumford, D. (1992). A Bayesian treatment of the stereo correspondence problem using half-occluded regions. IEEE: Proceedings of Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 506-512.
10. Buckley, D., & Frisby, J. P. (1993). Interaction of stereo, texture and outline cues in the shape perception of three-dimensional ridges. Vision Research, 33, 919-933.
11. Campbell, F. W. (1957). The depth of field of the human eye. Journal of Modern Optics, 4, 157-164.
12. Cheng, H., Barnett, J. K., Vilupuru, A. S., Marsack, J. D., Kasthurirangan, S., Applegate, R. A., et al. (2004). A population study on changes in wave aberrations with accommodation. Journal of Vision, 4(4):3, 272-280, http://journalofvision.org/content/4/4/3, doi:10.1167/4.4.3. [PubMed] [Article]
13. Cormack, L. K., Stevenson, S. B., & Landers, D. D. (1997). Interactions of spatial frequency and unequal monocular contrasts in stereopsis. Perception, 26, 1121-1136.
14. de Groot, S. G., & Gebhard, J. W. (1952). Pupil size as determined by adapting luminance. Journal of the Optical Society of America, 42, 492-495.
15. den Ouden, H. E., van Ee, R., & de Haan, E. H. (2005). Colour helps to solve the binocular matching problem. The Journal of Physiology, 567, 665-671.
16. Fahle, M. (1982). Binocular rivalry: Suppression depends on orientation and spatial frequency. Vision Research, [22,] 787-800.
17. Fincham, E. F., & Walton, J. (1957). The reciptocal actions of accommodation and convergence. The Journal of Physiology, 137, 488-508.
18. Frisby, J. P., Buckley, D., & Duke, P. A. (1996). Evidence for good recovery of lengths of real objects seen with natural stereo viewing. Perception, 25, 129-154.
19. Gårding, J., Porrill, J., Mayhew, J. E., & Frisby, J. P. (1995). Stereopsis, vertical disparity and relief transformations. Vision Research, 35, 703-722.
20. Goodwin, R. T., & Romano, P. E. (1985). Stereo degradation by experimental and real monocular and binocular amblyopia. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 26, 917-923.
21. Halpern, D. L., & Blake, R. R. (1988). How contrast affects stereoacuity. Perception, 17, 483-495.
22. Held, R. T., Cooper, E. A., O'Brien, J. F., & Banks, M. S. (2010). Using blur to affect perceived distance and size. ACM Transactions on Graphics, 29, 1-16.
23. Hillis, J. M., & Banks, M. S. (2001). Are corresponding points fixed? Vision Research, 41, 2457-2473.
24. Hoffman, D. M., Girshick, A. R., Akeley, K., & Banks, M. S. (2008). Vergence-accommodation conflicts hinder visual performance and cause visual fatigue. Journal of Vision, 8(3):33, 1-30, http://journalofvision.org/content/8/3/33, doi:10.1167/8.3.33.
25. Jacobs, R. J., Smith, G., & Chan, C. D. C. (1989). Effect of defocus on blur thresholds and on thresholds of perceived change in blur: Comparison of source and observer methods. Optometry & Vision Science, 66, 545-553.
26. Kotulak, J. C., & Schor, C. M. (1986). The accommodative response to subthreshold blur and perceptual fading during the Troxler phenomenon. Perception, 15, 7-15.
27. Krol, J. D., & van de Grind, W. A. (1980). The double-nail illusion: Experiments on binocular vision with nails, needles, and pins. Perception, 9, 651-669.
28. Legge, G. E., & Gu, Y. (1989). Stereopsis and contrast. Vision Research, 29, 989-1004.
29. Mather, G., & Smith, D. R. R. (2000). Depth cue integration: Stereopsis and image blur. Vision Research, 40, 3501-3506.
30. Mather, G., & Smith, D. R. R. (2002). Blur discrimination and its relation to blur-mediated depth perception. Perception, 31, 1211-1219.
31. Mueller, T. J., & Blake, R. (1989). A fresh look at the temporal dynamics of binocular rivalry. Biological Cybernetics, 61, 223-232.
32. Pentland (1987). A new sense for depth of field. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 9, 523-531.
33. Schechner, Y. Y.,&Kiryati, N. (2001). Depth from defocus vs. stereo: How different really are they? International Journal of Computer Vision, 39, 141-162.
34. Schor, C., Wood, I., & Ogawa, J. (1984). Binocular sensory fusion is limited by spatial resolution. Vision Research, 24, 661-665.
35. Schor, C. M., & Heckmann, T. (1989). Interocular differences in contrast and spatial frequency: Effects on stereopsis and fusion. Vision Research, 29, 837-847.
36. Smallman, H. S., & McKee, S. P. (1995). A contrast ratio constraint on stereo matching. Proceedings of the Royal Society London: Biological Sciences, 260, 265-271.
37. Tsirlin, I., Allison, R. S., & Wilcox, L. M. (2008). Stereoscopic transparency: Constraints on the perception of multiple surfaces. Journal of Vision, 8(5):5, 1-10, http://journalofvision.org/content/8/5/5, doi:10.1167/8.5.5.
38. van Ee, R., & Anderson, B. L. (2001). Motion direction, speed, and orientation in binocular matching. Nature, 410, 690-694.
39. Walsh, G., & Charman, W. N. (1988). Visual sensitivity to temporal change in focus and its relevance to the accommodation response. Vision Research, 28, 1207-1221.
40. Watt, S. J., Akeley, K., Ernst, M. O., & Banks, M. S. (2005). Focus cues affect perceived depth. Journal of Vision, 5(10):7, 834-862, http://journalofvision.org/content/5/10/7, doi:10.1167/5.10.7.
41. Westheimer, G., & McKee, S. P. (1980). Stereoscopic acuity with defocused and spatially filtered retinal images. Optical Society of America, 70, 772-778.
42. Wichmann, F. A., & Hill, N. J. (2001a). The psychometric function: I. Fitting, sampling, and goodness of fit. Perception & Psychophysics, 63, 1293-1313.
43. Wichmann, F. A., & Hill, N. J. (2001b). The psychometric function: II. Bootstrap-based confidence intervals and sampling. Perception & Psychophysics, 63, 1314-1329.