메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 40, Issue 8, 2010, Pages 1636-1652

An inventory-based approach for modeling singletree storm damage - experiences with the winter storm of 1999 in southwestern Germany

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ABIES ALBA; DAMAGE PROBABILITY; DAMAGE RISKS; DECIDUOUS TREES; DIAMETER-AT-BREAST HEIGHTS; DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS; DOUGLAS FIR; FIELD PARAMETERS; FOREST INVENTORY; FOREST SERVICE; GENERALIZED ADDITIVE MODEL; GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATIONS; GERMANY; HOTSPOTS; INDIVIDUAL TREE; MISSING INFORMATION; NORWAY SPRUCE; PICEA ABIES (L.) KARST; PINUS SYLVESTRIS; PSEUDOTSUGA MENZIESII; SCOTS PINE; SILVER FIR; SITE CONDITIONS; SPATIAL TRENDS; STATISTICAL MODELS; STORM DAMAGE; TREE HEIGHT; WINTER STORMS;

EID: 77958050881     PISSN: 00455067     EISSN: 12086037     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1139/X10-099     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (123)

References (56)
  • 1
    • 0002229664 scopus 로고
    • Simulation of unstationary wind and temperature fields over complex terrain
    • Adrian, G., and Fiedler, F. 1995. Simulation of unstationary wind and temperature fields over complex terrain. Beitr. Phys. Atmos. 64: 27-48.
    • (1995) Beitr. Phys. Atmos , vol.64 , pp. 27-48
    • Adrian, G.1    Fiedler, F.2
  • 2
    • 77958076224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Baumarteneignung in der forstlichen Standortskartierung Baden-Wurtttemberg
    • Aldinger, E., and Michiels, H.-G. 1997. Baumarteneignung in der forstlichen Standortskartierung Baden-Wurtttemberg. AFZ-Der Wald, 52(5): 234-238.
    • (1997) AFZ-Der Wald , vol.52 , Issue.5 , pp. 234-238
    • Aldinger, E.1    Michiels, H.-G.2
  • 3
    • 77958039776 scopus 로고
    • Die Verteidigung und Sicherung der Wälder gegen die Angriffe und die Gewalt der Sturme, unter besonderer Berucksichtigung der ortlichen Windablenkung
    • Bargmann, B.A. 1904. Die Verteidigung und Sicherung der Wälder gegen die Angriffe und die Gewalt der Sturme, unter besonderer Berucksichtigung der ortlichen Windablenkung. Allg. Forst. Jagdztg. 80(7): 241-257.
    • (1904) Allg. Forst. Jagdztg , vol.80 , Issue.7 , pp. 241-257
    • Bargmann, B.A.1
  • 5
    • 35548949426 scopus 로고
    • The relascope idea: Relative measurement in forestry
    • Slough, U.K
    • Bitterlich, W. 1984. The relascope idea: relative measurement in forestry. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Slough, U.K.
    • (1984) Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux
    • Bitterlich, W.1
  • 6
    • 8744307994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multimodel inference: Understanding AIC and BIC in model selection
    • doi:10.1177/0049124104268644
    • Burnham, K.P., and Anderson, D.R. 2004. Multimodel inference: understanding AIC and BIC in model selection. Sociol. Methods Res. 33(2): 261-304. doi:10.1177/0049124104268644.
    • (2004) Sociol. Methods Res , vol.33 , Issue.2 , pp. 261-304
    • Burnham, K.P.1    Anderson, D.R.2
  • 7
    • 20544449477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling the windthrow risk for simulated forest stands of Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait)
    • doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2005.03.019
    • Cucchi, V., Meredieu, C., Stokes, A., de Coligny, F., Suarez, J., and Gardiner, B.A. 2005. Modelling the windthrow risk for simulated forest stands of Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.). For. Ecol. Manag. 213(1-3): 184-196. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2005.03.019.
    • (2005) For. Ecol. Manag , vol.213 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 184-196
    • Cucchi, V.1    Meredieu, C.2    Stokes, A.3    de Coligny, F.4    Suarez, J.5    Gardiner, B.A.6
  • 9
    • 34547327926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased aeolian activity during humidity shifts as recorded in a raised bog in south-west Sweden during the past 1700 years
    • Available from, doi:10.5194/cp-3-411-2007
    • de Jong, R., Schoning, K., and Bjorck, S. 2007. Increased aeolian activity during humidity shifts as recorded in a raised bog in south-west Sweden during the past 1700 years. Clim. Past, 3(3): 411-422. Available from www.clim-past.net/3/411/2007/. doi:10.5194/cp-3-411-2007.
    • (2007) Clim. Past , vol.3 , Issue.3 , pp. 411-422
    • de Jong, R.1    Schoning, K.2    Bjorck, S.3
  • 10
    • 0024873963 scopus 로고
    • A windthrow-risk estimation for coniferous forests
    • doi:10.1093/forestry/62.2.139
    • Galinski, W. 1989. A windthrow-risk estimation for coniferous forests. Forestry, 62(2): 139-146. doi:10.1093/forestry/62.2.139.
    • (1989) Forestry , vol.62 , Issue.2 , pp. 139-146
    • Galinski, W.1
  • 11
    • 77958049637 scopus 로고
    • Designing forest edges to improve wind stability
    • Pap. 16. Forestry Commission, Edinburgh, U.K
    • Gardiner, B.A., and Stacey, G.R. 1995. Designing forest edges to improve wind stability. For. Comm. Tech. Pap. 16. Forestry Commission, Edinburgh, U.K.
    • (1995) For. Comm. Tech
    • Gardiner, B.A.1    Stacey, G.R.2
  • 12
    • 0030872759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Field and wind tunnel assessments of the implications of respacing and thinning for tree stability
    • doi:10.1093/forestry/70.3.233
    • Gardiner, B.A., Stacey, G.R., Belcher, R.E., and Wood, C.J. 1997. Field and wind tunnel assessments of the implications of respacing and thinning for tree stability. Forestry, 70(3): 233-252. doi:10.1093/forestry/70.3.233.
    • (1997) Forestry , vol.70 , Issue.3 , pp. 233-252
    • Gardiner, B.A.1    Stacey, G.R.2    Belcher, R.E.3    Wood, C.J.4
  • 13
    • 49749131627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of mechanistic modelling of wind damage risk to forests
    • doi:10.1093/forestry/cpn022
    • Gardiner, B.A., Byrne, K., Hale, S., Kamimura, K., Mitchell, S., Peltola, H., and Ruel, J.C. 2008. A review of mechanistic modelling of wind damage risk to forests. Forestry, 81(3): 447-463. doi:10.1093/forestry/cpn022.
    • (2008) Forestry , vol.81 , Issue.3 , pp. 447-463
    • Gardiner, B.A.1    Byrne, K.2    Hale, S.3    Kamimura, K.4    Mitchell, S.5    Peltola, H.6    Ruel, J.C.7
  • 15
    • 0742322850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Application of a new wind gust parametrization: Multiscale case studies performed with the Canadian regional climate model
    • Goyette, S., Brasseur, O., and Beniston, M. 2003. Application of a new wind gust parametrization: multiscale case studies performed with the Canadian regional climate model. J. Geophys. Res. 108(D13): 4374.
    • (2003) J. Geophys. Res , vol.108 , Issue.D13 , pp. 4374
    • Goyette, S.1    Brasseur, O.2    Beniston, M.3
  • 16
    • 77958023901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • doi:10.1029/2002JD002646.
  • 17
    • 3042725464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A neural network approach to identify forest stands susceptible to wind damage
    • doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2004.02.056
    • Hanewinkel, M., Zhou, W., and Schill, C. 2004. A neural network approach to identify forest stands susceptible to wind damage. For. Ecol. Manag. 196(2-3): 227-243. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2004.02.056.
    • (2004) For. Ecol. Manag , vol.196 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 227-243
    • Hanewinkel, M.1    Zhou, W.2    Schill, C.3
  • 18
    • 49249108924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seventy-seven years of natural disturbances in a mountain forest area the influence of storm, snow, and insect damage analysed with a long-term time-series
    • doi:10.1139/X08-070
    • Hanewinkel, M., Breidenbach, J., Neeff, T., and Kublin, E. 2008. Seventy-seven years of natural disturbances in a mountain forest area the influence of storm, snow, and insect damage analysed with a long-term time-series. Can. J. For. Res. 38: 22492261. doi:10.1139/X08-070.
    • (2008) Can. J. For. Res , vol.38 , pp. 2249-2261
    • Hanewinkel, M.1    Breidenbach, J.2    Neeff, T.3    Kublin, E.4
  • 19
    • 33747135680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Winter storm risk of residential structures model development and application to the German state of Baden-Wurttemberg
    • doi:10.5194/nhess-6-721-2006
    • Heneka, P., Hofherr, T., Ruck, B., and Kottmeier, C. 2006. Winter storm risk of residential structures model development and application to the German state of Baden-Wurttemberg. Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. 6(5): 721-733. doi:10.5194/nhess-6-721-2006.
    • (2006) Nat. HaZards Earth Syst. Sci , vol.6 , Issue.5 , pp. 721-733
    • Heneka, P.1    Hofherr, T.2    Ruck, B.3    Kottmeier, C.4
  • 20
    • 33644645630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A forest management risk insurance model and its application to coniferous stands in Southwest Germany
    • doi:10. 1016/j.forpol.2004.05.009
    • Holecy, J., and Hanewinkel, M. 2006. A forest management risk insurance model and its application to coniferous stands in Southwest Germany. For. Pol. Econ. 8(2): 161-174. doi:10. 1016/j.forpol.2004.05.009.
    • (2006) For. Pol. Econ , vol.8 , Issue.2 , pp. 161-174
    • Holecy, J.1    Hanewinkel, M.2
  • 21
    • 77958028214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. 2007. Climate change 2007 synthesis report 73. Available from www.ipcc.ch/pdf/ assessment-report/ar4/syr/ar4_syr.pdf.
  • 22
    • 77958031367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ATKIS als Gemeinschaftsaufgabe der Länder und des Bundes
    • Jäger, E. 2003. ATKIS als Gemeinschaftsaufgabe der Länder und des Bundes. Kartographische Nachrichten, 3: 113-119.
    • (2003) Kartographische Nachrichten , vol.3 , pp. 113-119
    • Jäger, E.1
  • 23
    • 0034666569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Logistic regression models for wind and snow damage in northern Finland based on the National Forest Inventory data
    • doi:10.1016/S0378-1127(00)00289-9
    • Jalkanen, A., and Mattila, U. 2000. Logistic regression models for wind and snow damage in northern Finland based on the National Forest Inventory data. For. Ecol. Manag. 135(1-3): 315330. doi:10.1016/S0378-1127(00)00289-9.
    • (2000) For. Ecol. Manag , vol.135 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 315-330
    • Jalkanen, A.1    Mattila, U.2
  • 24
    • 69049100292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wesentliche Ergebnisse der zweiten Bundeswaldinventur in Baden-Wurttemberg Ruckblick und Ausblick
    • Kändler, G., Bosch, B., and Schmidt, M. 2005. Wesentliche Ergebnisse der zweiten Bundeswaldinventur in Baden-Wurttemberg Ruckblick und Ausblick. Forst Holz, 60(2): 45-49.
    • (2005) Forst Holz , vol.60 , Issue.2 , pp. 45-49
    • Kändler, G.1    Bosch, B.2    Schmidt, M.3
  • 25
    • 34247521776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Northern hemisphere winter storm tracks of the Eemian interglacial and the last glacial inception
    • Available from
    • Kaspar, F., Spangehl, T., and Cubasch, U. 2007. Northern hemisphere winter storm tracks of the Eemian interglacial and the last glacial inception. Clim. Past 3(2): 181-192. Available from www.clim-past.net/3/181/2007/.
    • (2007) Clim. Past , vol.3 , Issue.2 , pp. 181-192
    • Kaspar, F.1    Spangehl, T.2    Cubasch, U.3
  • 27
    • 5444244805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vulnerability of forests to storm damage in a forest district of Southwestern Germany situated in the periphery of the 1999 storm (LOTHAR)
    • Edited by B. Ruck, C. Kottmeier, C. Mattheck, C. Quine, and G.J. Wilhelm. University of Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany
    • Kohnle, U., and Gauckler, S. 2003. Vulnerability of forests to storm damage in a forest district of Southwestern Germany situated in the periphery of the 1999 storm (LOTHAR). In Proceedings of the International Conference: Wind Effects on Trees, 16-18 September 2003. Edited by B. Ruck, C. Kottmeier, C. Mattheck, C. Quine, and G.J. Wilhelm. University of Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany. pp. 151-155.
    • (2003) ProceedIngs of the International Conference: Wind Effects On Trees, 16-18 September 2003 , pp. 151-155
    • Kohnle, U.1    Gauckler, S.2
  • 28
    • 5444224577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Orkan Lothar im Spiegel von Betriebsinventur und Einschlagsbuchfuhrung: Auswirkungen auf einen Forstbezirk im Randbereich des Sturms
    • Kohnle, U., Gauckler, S., Risse, F.-J., and Stahl, S. 2003. Orkan Lothar im Spiegel von Betriebsinventur und Einschlagsbuchfuhrung: Auswirkungen auf einen Forstbezirk im Randbereich des Sturms. AFZ-Der Wald, 58(23): 1203-1207.
    • (2003) AFZ-Der Wald , vol.58 , Issue.23 , pp. 1203-1207
    • Kohnle, U.1    Gauckler, S.2    Risse, F.-J.3    Stahl, S.4
  • 29
    • 73249145334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sicherung waldbaulicher Qualitatsstandards in Baden-Wurttemberg Ergebnisse zum Stand der Wiederbewaldung 2003
    • Kohnle, U., Dinkelaker, F., and von Gilsa, H. 2005. Sicherung waldbaulicher Qualitatsstandards in Baden-Wurttemberg Ergebnisse zum Stand der Wiederbewaldung 2003. AFZ-Der Wald 60(5): 561-565.
    • (2005) AFZ-Der Wald , vol.60 , Issue.5 , pp. 561-565
    • Kohnle, U.1    Dinkelaker, F.2    von Gilsa, H.3
  • 30
    • 77958062525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Der Kommunalwald ist vom Orkan "Kyrill" am schwersten getroffen. Soforthilfe fur geschädigte Kommunen notwendig
    • Kreienmeier, U. 2007. Der Kommunalwald ist vom Orkan "Kyrill" am schwersten getroffen. Soforthilfe fur geschädigte Kommunen notwendig. AFZ-Der Wald, 62(5): 252-254.
    • (2007) AFZ-Der Wald , vol.62 , Issue.5 , pp. 252-254
    • Kreienmeier, U.1
  • 31
    • 0012404448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schwere Sturmschäden in Baden-Wurttemberg Lothar stellt Wiebke in den Schatten
    • Kronauer, H. 2000. Schwere Sturmschäden in Baden-Wurttemberg Lothar stellt Wiebke in den Schatten. AFZ-Der Wald, 55(2): 9293.
    • (2000) AFZ-Der Wald , vol.55 , Issue.2 , pp. 92-93
    • Kronauer, H.1
  • 32
    • 77958025983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ruhe nach dem Sturm? Schäden durch Orkan Kyrill
    • Kronauer, H. 2007. Ruhe nach dem Sturm? Schäden durch Orkan Kyrill. AFZ-Der Wald, 62(5): 250-251.
    • (2007) AFZ-Der Wald , vol.62 , Issue.5 , pp. 250-251
    • Kronauer, H.1
  • 33
    • 0003776980 scopus 로고
    • Historic storms of the North Sea, British Isles, and Northwest Europe
    • Cambridge, U.K
    • Lamb, H.H. 1991. Historic storms of the North Sea, British Isles, and Northwest Europe. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K.
    • (1991) Cambridge University Press
    • Lamb, H.H.1
  • 34
    • 33746409517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of frequency and intensity of European winter storm events from a multi-model perspective. at synoptic and regional scales
    • doi:10. 3354/cr031059
    • Leckebusch, G.C., Koffi, B., Ulbrich, U., Pinto, J.G., Spangehl, T., and Zacharias, S. 2006. Analysis of frequency and intensity of European winter storm events from a multi-model perspective. at synoptic and regional scales. Clim. Res. 31: 59-74. doi:10. 3354/cr031059.
    • (2006) Clim. Res , vol.31 , pp. 59-74
    • Leckebusch, G.C.1    Koffi, B.2    Ulbrich, U.3    Pinto, J.G.4    Spangehl, T.5    Zacharias, S.6
  • 36
    • 0002735479 scopus 로고
    • Ministerium fur Ländlichen Raum, Schriftenreihe der Landesforstverwaltung Baden-Wurttemberg 75. Ministerium fur Ländlichen Raum, Ernährung, Landwirtschaft und Forsten, Stuttgart
    • Ministerium fur Ländlichen Raum. 1994. Dokumentation der Sturmschäden 1990. Schriftenreihe der Landesforstverwaltung Baden-Wurttemberg 75. Ministerium fur Ländlichen Raum, Ernährung, Landwirtschaft und Forsten, Stuttgart.
    • (1994) Dokumentation Der Sturmschäden 1990
  • 37
    • 0027707036 scopus 로고
    • A mechanistic model for calculating windthrow and stem breakage of Scots pine at stand edge
    • Peltola, H., and Kellomaki, S. 1993. A mechanistic model for calculating windthrow and stem breakage of Scots pine at stand edge. Silva Fenn. 27(2): 99-111.
    • (1993) Silva Fenn , vol.27 , Issue.2 , pp. 99-111
    • Peltola, H.1    Kellomaki, S.2
  • 38
    • 0032809350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A mechanistic model for assessing the risk of wind and snow damage to single trees and stands of Scots pine, Norway spruce, and birch
    • doi:10.1139/cjfr29-6-647
    • Peltola, H., Kellomaki, S., Väisänen, H., and Ikonen, V.-P. 1999. A mechanistic model for assessing the risk of wind and snow damage to single trees and stands of Scots pine, Norway spruce, and birch. Can. J. For. Res. 29(6): 647-661. doi:10.1139/cjfr29-6-647.
    • (1999) Can. J. For. Res , vol.29 , Issue.6 , pp. 647-661
    • Peltola, H.1    Kellomaki, S.2    Väisänen, H.3    Ikonen, V.-P.4
  • 39
    • 33847259379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NLME: Linear and nonlinear mixed effects models
    • R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna
    • Pinheiro, J., Bates, D., DebRoy, S., Sarkar, D., and the R Core team. 2009. NLME: linear and nonlinear mixed effects models. R package version 3.1-93. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna.
    • (2009) R Package Version , vol.3 , pp. 1-93
    • Pinheiro, J.1    Bates, D.2    Debroy, S.3    Sarkar, D.4
  • 40
    • 35748932852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • R Development Core Team R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna
    • R Development Core Team. 2007. R. A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna.
    • (2007) R. a Language and Environment For Statistical Computing
  • 41
    • 0344925626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural disturbances in the European forests in the 19th and 20th centuries
    • doi:10.1046/j.1365-2486. 2003.00684.x
    • Schelhaas, M.J., Nabuurs, G.-J., and Schuck, A. 2003. Natural disturbances in the European forests in the 19th and 20th centuries. Glob. Change Biol. 9(11): 1620-1633. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2486. 2003.00684.x.
    • (2003) Glob. Change Biol , vol.9 , Issue.11 , pp. 1620-1633
    • Schelhaas, M.J.1    Nabuurs, G.-J.2    Schuck, A.3
  • 42
    • 11044233119 scopus 로고
    • Entwicklung des in Sudwestdeutschland angewandten Verfahrens der Forstlichen Standortskunde
    • Ulmer, Stuttgart
    • Schlenker, G. 1964. Entwicklung des in Sudwestdeutschland angewandten Verfahrens der Forstlichen Standortskunde. In Standort, Wald und Waldwirtschaft in Oberschwaben. Ulmer, Stuttgart.
    • (1964) Standort, Wald Und Waldwirtschaft In Oberschwaben
    • Schlenker, G.1
  • 43
    • 0001060793 scopus 로고
    • Die Sturmgefahrdung von Einzelbaumen und Bestanden
    • Schmid-Haas, P., and Bachofen, H. 1991. Die Sturmgefahrdung von Einzelbaumen und Bestanden. Schweiz. Z. Forstwes. 142: 477-504.
    • (1991) Schweiz. Z. Forstwes , vol.142 , pp. 477-504
    • Schmid-Haas, P.1    Bachofen, H.2
  • 44
    • 14844335619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Windstorm Lothar: Orographic influences on storm damage in the Black Forest
    • Edited by B. Ruck, C. Kottmeier, C. Mattheck, C. Quine, and G.J. Wilhelm. University of Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany
    • Schmoeckel, J., Kottmeier, C., Aldinger, E., and Seemann, D. 2003. Windstorm Lothar: orographic influences on storm damage in the Black Forest. In Proceedings of the International Conference: Wind Effects on Trees, 16-18 September 2003. Edited by B. Ruck, C. Kottmeier, C. Mattheck, C. Quine, and G.J. Wilhelm. University of Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany. pp. 15-21.
    • (2003) Proceedings of the International Conference: Wind Effects On Trees, 16-18 September 2003 , pp. 15-21
    • Schmoeckel, J.1    Kottmeier, C.2    Aldinger, E.3    Seemann, D.4
  • 46
    • 33745951423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vulnerability of spruce (Picea abies) and beech (Fagus sylvatica) forest stands to storms and consequences for silviculture
    • doi:10.1007/s10342-006-0111-0
    • Schutz, J.-Ph., Gotz, M., Schmid, W., and Mandallaz, D. 2006. Vulnerability of spruce (Picea abies) and beech (Fagus sylvatica) forest stands to storms and consequences for silviculture. Eur. J. For. Res. 125(3): 291-302. doi:10.1007/s10342-006-0111-0.
    • (2006) Eur. J. For. Res , vol.125 , Issue.3 , pp. 291-302
    • Schutz, J.-P.1    Gotz, M.2    Schmid, W.3    Mandallaz, D.4
  • 47
    • 0000120766 scopus 로고
    • Estimating the dimension of a model
    • doi:10.1214/aos/1176344136
    • Schwarz, G. 1978. Estimating the dimension of a model. Ann. Stat. 6(2): 461-464. doi:10.1214/aos/1176344136.
    • (1978) Ann. Stat , vol.6 , Issue.2 , pp. 461-464
    • Schwarz, G.1
  • 48
    • 26444524345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Empirical modelling of windthrow risk in partially harvested stands using tree neighbourhood and stand attributes
    • doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2005.07.012
    • Scott, R.E., and Mitchell, S.J. 2005. Empirical modelling of windthrow risk in partially harvested stands using tree neighbourhood and stand attributes. For. Ecol. Manag. 218(1-3): 193-209. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2005.07.012.
    • (2005) For. Ecol. Manag , vol.218 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 193-209
    • Scott, R.E.1    Mitchell, S.J.2
  • 49
    • 0027846249 scopus 로고
    • Assessing the risk of snow and wind damage from tree physical characteristics
    • doi:10.1093/forestry/66.3.249
    • Valinger, E., Lindqvist, L., and Bondesson, L. 1993. Assessing the risk of snow and wind damage from tree physical characteristics. Forestry, 66(3): 249-260. doi:10.1093/forestry/66.3.249.
    • (1993) Forestry , vol.66 , Issue.3 , pp. 249-260
    • Valinger, E.1    Lindqvist, L.2    Bondesson, L.3
  • 51
    • 0024937539 scopus 로고
    • The European struggle to control Ips typogra-phus past, present and future
    • Available from
    • Vité, J.P. 1989. The European struggle to control Ips typogra-phus past, present and future. Holarct. Ecol. 12(3): 520-525. Available from www.jstor.org/pss/3682064.
    • (1989) Holarct. Ecol , vol.12 , Issue.3 , pp. 520-525
    • Vité, J.P.1
  • 52
    • 0034364945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling and smoothing parameter estimation with multiple quadratic penalties
    • Wahba, G. 1990. Spline models for observational data. CBMS-NSF Regional Conference Series in Applied Mathematics 59. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Philadelphia, Pa. Wood, S.N, doi:10.1111/1467-9868.00240
    • Wahba, G. 1990. Spline models for observational data. CBMS-NSF Regional Conference Series in Applied Mathematics 59. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Philadelphia, Pa. Wood, S.N. 2000. Modelling and smoothing parameter estimation with multiple quadratic penalties. J. R. Stat. Soc. B, 62(2): 413428. doi:10.1111/1467-9868.00240.
    • (2000) J. R. Stat. Soc. B , vol.62 , Issue.2 , pp. 413-428
  • 53
    • 0141576514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thin-plate regression splines
    • doi:10.1111/1467-9868.00374
    • Wood, S.N. 2003. Thin-plate regression splines. J. R. Stat. Soc. B, 65(1): 95-114. doi:10.1111/1467-9868.00374.
    • (2003) J. R. Stat. Soc. B , vol.65 , Issue.1 , pp. 95-114
    • Wood, S.N.1
  • 54
    • 4944226585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stable and efficient multiple smoothing parameter estimation for generalized additive models
    • doi:10.1198/016214504000000980
    • Wood, S.N. 2004. Stable and efficient multiple smoothing parameter estimation for generalized additive models. J. Am. Stat. Assoc. 99(467): 673-686. doi:10.1198/016214504000000980.
    • (2004) J. Am. Stat. Assoc , vol.99 , Issue.467 , pp. 673-686
    • Wood, S.N.1
  • 56
    • 33845649848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulations of the influence of clear-cutting on the risk of wind damage on a regional scale over a 20-year period
    • doi:10.1139/X06-123
    • Zeng, H., Peltola, H., Talkkari, A., Strandman, H., Venäläinen, A., Wang, K., and Kellomaki, S. 2006. Simulations of the influence of clear-cutting on the risk of wind on a regional scale over a 20-year period. Can. J. For. Res. 36(9): 2247-2258. doi:10.1139/X06-123.
    • (2006) Can. J. For. Res , vol.36 , Issue.9 , pp. 2247-2258
    • Zeng, H.1    Peltola, H.2    Talkkari, A.3    Strandman, H.4    Venäläinen, A.5    Wang, K.6    Kellomaki, S.7


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.