The effects of altering diet formulation and manufacturing technique on pellet quality

Journal of Applied Poultry Research

Volumn 19, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 112-120

  Buchanan, N P ^a   Lilly, K G S ^a   Gehring, C K ^a   Moritz, J S ^a  

^a WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Broiler; Diet formulation; Manufacturing technique; Pellet quality

Indexed keywords

EID: 77958037511     PISSN: 10566171     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3382/japr.2009-00070     Document Type: Article

References (22)

1. Falk, D. 1985. Pelleting cost center. Pages 167-190 in Feed Manufacturing Technology III. M. M. McEllhiney, ed. Am. Feed Ind. Assoc., Arlington, VA.
2. Behnke, K. C. 1994. Factors affecting pellet quality. Pages 44-54 in Proc. Maryland Nutr. Conf. Feed Manuf., College Park, MD. Maryland Feed Ind. Counc., Univ. Maryland, College Park.
3. Moritz, J. S. 2007. Impact of the pelleting process on dietary nutrients and supplemental enzymes. Pages 11-13 in Proc. Arkansas Annu. Nutr. Conf., Rogers, AR.
4. Koch, K. B. 2007. Pelleting and distillers dried grains with solubles. http://www.ddgs.umn.edu/ppt-proc-storage-quality/2007-Koch-%20Pelleting%20and%20DDGS.pdf Accessed May 2008.
5. Buchanan, N. P., and J. S. Moritz. 2009. Main effects and interactions of varying formulation protein, fiber, and moisture on feed manufacture and pellet quality. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 18:274-283.
6. Briggs, J. L., D. E. Maier, B. A. Watkins, and K. C. Behnke. 1999. Effect of ingredients and processing parameters on pellet quality. Poult. Sci. 78:1464-1471.
7. Cobb-Vantress, Siloam Springs, AR.
8. Endpoint conditioned mash moisture content was calculated based on moisture content of the mash before pelleting, ambient temperature of the mash at the time of pelleting, and conditioning temperature. Turner [9] has stated that for every 16.7°C (30.0°F) increase in conditioned mash temperature, 1% moisture should be added. Samples of mash were taken 12 h before pelleting and moisture content was measured. Tap water was added to the diet to maximize the potential for thermomechanical interactions to occur: 1) (final conditioning temperature - ambient temperature of mash)/30 = % moisture added at conditioner moisture content of mash + % moisture added at conditioner = total moisture; 2) 17 - total moisture = % of supplemental tap water added to mash.
9. Turner, R. 1995. Bottomline in feed processing: Achieving optimum pellet quality. Feed Manage. 46:30-33.
10. Brill Feed Ration Balancer, Version 1.03.017, M. Feed Management Systems, Brooklyn Center, MN.
11. Vertical mixer, Avery Weigh-Tronix, Fairmont, MN.
12. Master Model Pellet Mill, California Pellet Mill Company (CPM), Crawfordsville, IN.
13. Vertical cooler, Pyramid Processing Equipment LLC, Stilwell, KS.
14. American Association of Cereal Chemists. 1995. AACC Method 44-15A: Moisture-Air-Oven Method. In Approved Methods of the American Association of Analytical Chemists. Vol. 2. Am. Assoc. Cereal Chem., St. Paul, MN.
15. American Society of Agricultural Engineers. 1997. ASAE S269.4: Cubes, pellets, and crumbles-Definitions and methods for determining density, durability, and moisture. Standard 1997. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng., St. Joseph, MI.
16. Differential Scanning Calorimeter, Instrument Specialists Inc., Twin Lakes, MN. Percentage of starch gelatinization and percentage of protein denaturation were measured by determining the prevalence of gelatinization and denaturation in a mash sample before pellet processing. The gelatinization and denaturation of a corresponding pelleted sample were then measured. The percentage of starch gelatinization and percentage of protein denaturation were determined by subtracting the enthalpy associated with the pelleted sample from the enthalpy associated with the mash sample and dividing by the enthalpy associated with the mash sample: Mash enthalpy 2212; pellet enthalpy/mash enthalpy = % gelatinization or denaturation.
17. SAS Institute. 2000. The SAS System for Windows 2000. Release 8.1. SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC.
18. Fairchild, F., and D. Greer. 1999. Pelleting with precise mixer moisture control. Feed Int. 20:32-36.
19. Hott, J. M., N. P. Buchanan, S. E. Cutlip, and J. S. Moritz. 2008. The effect of moisture addition with a mold inhibitor on pellet quality, feed manufacture, and broiler performance. J. Appl. Poult. Sci. 17:262-271.
20. Moritz, J. S., K. R. Cramer, K. J. Wilson, and R. S. Beyer. 2003. Feed manufacture and feeding of rations with graded levels of added moisture formulated to different energy densities. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 12:371-381.
21. Moritz, J. S., K. J. Wilson, K. R. Cramer, R. S. Beyer, L. J. McKinney, W. B. Cavalcanti, and X. Mo. 2002. Effect of formulation density, moisture, and surfactant on feed manufacturing, pellet quality and broiler performance. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 11:155-163.
22. Cramer, K. C., K. J. Wilson, R. S. Beyer, L. J. McKinney, and K. C. Behnke. 1999. Effect of sorghum-based diet subjected to various feed manufacturing processes on subsequent broiler performance. Poult. Sci. 78(Suppl. 1):45. (Abstr.)