Assessment of sewer source contamination of drinking water wells using tracers and human enteric viruses

Environmental Science and Technology

Volumn 44, Issue 20, 2010, Pages 7956-7963

  Hunt, Randall J ^a   Borchardt, Mark A ^b,c   Richards, Kevin D ^a   Spencer, Susan K ^b,c  

^a U S GEOLOGICAL SURVEY   (United States)

^b MARSHFIELD CLINIC   (United States)

^c AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DRINKING WATER WELLS; FAST TRANSPORT; FLOW PATH; HIGH YIELD; HIGH-CAPACITY; HUMAN ENTERIC VIRUS; INFECTIOUS VIRUS; LOW-YIELD; MUNICIPAL WELLS; Q-RT-PCR; SURFACE WATER SOURCES; TRAVEL TIME; VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENTS;

FLAME RETARDANTS; GROUNDWATER; GROUNDWATER POLLUTION; POTABLE WATER; SEWERS; SOAPS (DETERGENTS); SURFACE WATERS; WASTEWATER; WATER WELLS;

VIRUSES;

CHOLESTEROL; DETERGENT; DRINKING WATER; FLAME RETARDANT; GROUND WATER; SURFACE WATER; TRACER; WELL WATER;

DRINKING WATER; GROUNDWATER POLLUTION; MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE; POLLUTANT TRANSPORT; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; SAMPLING; TRACER; VIRUS; VULNERABILITY; WASTEWATER; WELL WATER;

ADENOVIRUS; ARTICLE; COXSACKIE VIRUS; ECHO VIRUS; ENTERIC VIRUS; NONHUMAN; PUMP; QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; SEWER; WASTE WATER; WATER ANALYSIS; WATER CONTAMINATION; WATER SAMPLING;

ENTEROVIRUS; HUMANS; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; SEWAGE; WATER MICROBIOLOGY; WATER SUPPLY;

EID: 77958037384     PISSN: 0013936X     EISSN: 15205851     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/es100698m     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Abbaszadegan, M.; LeChevallier, M.; Gerba, C. P. Occurrence of viruses in US groundwaters J. Am. Water Works Assoc. 2003, 95, 107-120
2. Borchardt, M. A.; Bertz, P. D.; Spencer, S. K.; Battigelli, D. A. Incidence of enteric viruses in groundwater from household wells in Wisconsin Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2003, 69, 1172-1180
3. Fout, G. S.; Martinson, B. C.; Moyer, M. W. N.; Dahling, D. R. A multiplex reverse transcription-PCR method for detection of human enteric viruses in groundwater Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2003, 69, 3158-3164
4. Occurrence and Monitoring Document for the Final Ground Water Rule, EPA 815-R-06-012; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Water (4606-M), October 2006.
5. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. National Primary Drinking Water Regulations-Ground Water Rule, Final Rule 71, 224. Fed. Regist. 21 November 2006b, 67427-65660.
6. Yoder, J.; Roberts, V.; Craun, G. F.; Hill, V.; Hicks, L. A.; Alexander, N. T.; Radke, V.; Calderon, R. L.; Hlavsa, M. C.; Beach, M. J.; Roy, S. L. 2008. Surveillance for waterborne disease and outbreaks associated with drinking water and water not intended for drinking-United States, 2005-2006. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) MMWR Surveill. Summ. 2008, 57, 39-62
7. Gallay, A.; De Valk, H.; Cournot, M.; Ladeuil, B.; Hemery, C.; Castor, C.; Bon, F.; Mégraud, F.; Le Cann, P.; Desenclos, J. C. A large multi-pathogen waterborne community outbreak linked to fecal contamination of a groundwater system, France, 2000 Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 2006, 12, 561-570
8. Beller, M.; Ellis, A.; Lee, S. H.; Drebot, M. A.; Jenkerson, S. A.; Funk, E.; Sobsey, M. D.; Simmons, O. D., 3rd.; Monroe, S. S.; Ando, T.; Noel, J.; Petric, M.; Middaugh, J. P.; Spika, J. S. Outbreak of viral gastroenteritis due to a contaminated well. International consequences J. Am. Med. Assoc. 1997, 278, 563-568
9. Borchardt, M. A. Biologically active contaminants in aquitards. In Contaminant Transport Through Aquitards: A State-of-the-Science Review; Cherry, J. A.; Parker, B. L.; Bradbury, K. R.; Eaton, T. T.; Gotkowitz, M. G.; Hart, D. J.; Borchardt, M. A., Eds.; American Water Works Association Research Foundation: Denver, CO, 2006.
10. Borchardt, M. A.; Bradbury, K. R.; Gotkowitz, M. B.; Cherry, J. A.; Parker, B. L. 2007 Human enteric viruses in groundwater from a confined bedrock aquifer Environ. Sci. Technol. 2007, 41, 6606-6612
11. Yates, M. V.; Gerba, C. P.; Kelley, L. M. Virus persistence in groundwater Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1985, 49, 778-781
12. Yates, M. V.; Yates, S. R. Modeling microbial fate in the subsurface environment Crit. Rev. Environ. Control 1988, 17, 307-344
13. John, D. E.; Rose, J. B. 2005. Review of factors affecting microbial survival in groundwater Environ. Sci. Technol. 2005, 39, 7345-7356
14. de Roda Husman, A. M.; Lodder, W. J.; Rutjes, S. A.; Schijven, J. F.; Teunis, P. F. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2009, 75 (4) 1050-1057
15. Sheets, R. A.; Darner, R. A.; Whitteberry, B. L. Lag time of bank filtration at a well field, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA J. Hydrol. 2002, 266, 162-174
16. Hunt, R. J.; Coplen, T. B.; Haas, N. L.; Saad, D. A.; Borchardt, M. A. Investigating surface water-well interaction using stable isotope ratios of water. J. Hydrol. 2005, 302, 1-4) 154-172, doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.07.010. (Pubitemid 40020303)
17. Borchardt, M. A.; Haas, N. L.; Hunt, R. J. Vulnerability of municipal wells in La Crosse, Wisconsin, to enteric virus contamination from surface water contributions Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2004, 70, 5937-5946
18. Rutsch, M.; Rieckermann, J.; Cullmann, J.; Ellis, J. B.; Vollertsen, J.; Krebs, P. Towards a better understanding of sewer exfiltration. Water Res. 2008, 42, 10-11) 2385-2394, doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2008.01.019.
19. Results of the Evaluation of Groundwater Impacts of Sewer Exfiltration-Engineering-Science Pb95-158358; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: Washington, DC, February 1989.
20. Lerner, D. N.; Halliday, D. The Impact of Sewers on Groundwater Quality, in Groundwater Problems in Urban Areas; Thomas Telford: London. 1994.
21. Amick, R. S.; Burgess, E. H. Exfiltration in sewer systems. U.S. EPA Report EPA/600/R-01/034, 2000, http://www.epa.gov/nrmrl/pubs/600r01034/ 600r01034.pdf. (accessed November 2009).
22. Tafuri, A. N.; Selvakumar, A. Wastewater collection system infrastructure research needs in the USA Urban Water J. 2002, 4, 21-29
23. Bishop, P. K.; Misstear, B. D.; White, M.; Harding, N. J. Impacts of sewers on groundwater quality J. Chart. Inst. Water Environ. Manage. 1998, 12, 216-223
24. Decker, J. Environmental Hazard by Leaking Sewers. In Proceedings of Water Quality International; IAWQ 17th Biennial International Conference, Budapest Hungary, July 24-29, 1994a.
25. Decker, J. Pollution load of subsoil, groundwater, and surface water by leaky sewer. In Proceedings from Hydrotop 94, Marseille France, April 12-16, 1994b.
26. Sedmak, G.; Bina, D.; MacDonald, J. Assessment of an enterovirus sewage surveillance system by comparison of clinical isolates with sewage isolates from Milwaukee, Wisconsin, collected August 1994 to December 2002 Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2003, 69 (12) 7181-7187
27. Bradbury, K. R.; Borchardt, M. A.; Gotkowitz, M.; Hunt, R. J. Assessment of Virus Presence and Potential Virus Pathways in Deep Municipal Wells,Open-File Report 2008-8; Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey: Madison, WI, 2008; http://www.uwex.edu/wgnhs/Wofr2008-08.pdf.
28. Zaugg, S. D.; Smith, S. G.; Schroeder, M. P. Determination of Wastewater Compounds in Whole Water by Continuous Liquid-Liquid Extraction and Capillary-Column Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry, U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods, book 5, chap. B4; U.S. Geological Survey: Reston, VA, 2006.
29. Zaugg, S. D.; Smith, S. G.; Schroeder, M. P.; Barber, L. B.; Burkhardt, M. R. Methods of Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory of Wastewater Compounds by Polystyrene-Divinylbenzene Solid-Phase Extraction and Capillary-Column Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry, U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Investigations Report 01-4186; U.S. Geological Survey: Reston, VA, 45 p. 2006.
30. Lambertini, E.; Spencer, S. K.; Bertz, P. D.; Loge, F.; Kieke, B. A.; Borchardt, M. A. Concentration of enteroviruses, adenoviruses, and noroviruses from drinking water by use of glass wool filters Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2008, 74, 2990-2996
31. Altschul, S. F.; Madden, T. L.; Schäffer, A. A.; Zhang, J.; Zhang, Z.; Miller, W.; Lipman, D. J. Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: A new generation of protein database search programs Nucleic Acids Res. 1997, 25, 3389-402
32. Berger, P. Regulation related to groundwater contamination: The draft groundwater disinfection rule. In Groundwater Contamination and Control; Zoller, U., ed; Marcel Dekker, Inc.: New York, 1994; p 645-659.
33. Fogg, G. E.; LaBolle, E. M.; Weissmann, G. S. Groundwater vulnerability assessment: Hydrologic perspective and example from Salinas Valley, California. In Assessment of Non-Point Source Pollution in the Vadose Zone, Geophysical Monograph; American Geophysical Union: Washington, DC, 1999; Vol. 108, pp 45-61
34. Weissmann, G. S.; Zhang, Y.; La Bolle, E. M.; Fogg, G. E. Dispersion of groundwater age in an alluvial aquifer system Water Resour. Res. 2002, 38, 10, doi: 10.1029/2001WR000907.
35. Schijven, J. F.; Mülschlegel, J. H. C.; Hassanizadeh, S. M.; Teunis, P. F. M.; de Roda Husman., A. M. Determination of protection zones for Dutch groundwater wells against virus contamination-Uncertainty and sensitivity analysis J. Water and Health 2006, 4 (3) 297-312
36. Chapelle, F. H.; Bradley, P. M.; McMahon, P. B.; Lindsey, B. D. What does "water quality" mean Ground Water 2009, doi: 10.1111/j.1745-658-2009. 00569.x.