The origin and structure of wooded permafrost mounds at the arctic treeline in eastern Canada

Plant Ecology and Diversity

Volumn 3, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 35-46

  Cyr, Sébastien ^a   Payette, Serge ^a  

^a UNIVERSITÉ LAVAL   (Canada)

Author keywords

Boreal forest; Climate change; Little ice age; Permafrost; Wooded palsa

Indexed keywords

PICEA; PICEA MARIANA;

EID: 77958001487     PISSN: 17550874     EISSN: 17551668     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/17550871003777176     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Allard M, Seguin MK, Levesque R. 1986. Palsas and mineral permafrost mounds in northern Québec. In: Gardiner V, editor. International Geomorphology Part II. New York: Wiley. p. 285-309.
2. Arseneault D, Payette S. 1998. Chronologie des cernes pâles de l'épinette noire (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP.) au Québec subarctique: de 706 à 1675 apr. J.-C. Géographie physique et Quaternaire 52:1-8.
3. Bégin C, Filion L. 1999. Black spruce (Picea mariana) architecture. Canadian Journal of Botany 77:664-672.
4. Bhiry N, Payette S, Robert ÉC. 2007. Peatland development at the arctic tree line (Québec, Canada) influenced by flooding and permafrost. Quaternary Research 67:426-437.
5. Bonan GB, Shugart HH. 1989. Environmental factors and ecological processes in boreal forests. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 20:1-28.
6. Botch MS, Masing VV. 1983. Mire ecosystems in the U.S.S.R. In: Gore AJP, editor. Ecosystems of the World. 4B. Mires: swamp, bog, fen and moor. New York: Elsevier. p. 95-152.
7. Brown, RJE. 1968. Permafrost investigations in northern Ontario and northeastern Manitoba. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada: Natural Resources Council. 75 p. Technical Paper No. 291.
8. Couillard L, Payette S. 1985. Évolution holocène d'une tourbière à pergélisol (Québec nordique). Canadian Journal of Botany 63:1104-1121.
9. Environment Canada. 2004. Canadian climate normal. Ontario, Canada: Environment Canada, Atmospheric Environment Service.
10. Filion L, Payette S, Gauthier L, Boutin Y. 1986. Light rings in subarctic conifers as a dendrochronological tool. Quaternary Research 26:272-279.
11. Fritts HC. 1976. Tree rings and climate. New York: Academic Press (USA).
12. Grove JM. 1988. The Little Ice Age. London: Methuen. IPCC. 2007. Climate change 2007. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
13. Kokelj ASV, Burn CR. 2004. Tilt of spruce trees near ice wedges, Mackenzie delta, Northwest Territories, Canada. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research 36:615-623.
14. Laird KR, Fritz SC, Maasch KA, Cumming BF. 1996. Greater drought intensity and frequency before AD 1200 in the Northern Great Plains, USA. Nature 384:552-554.
15. Lamb HH. 1977. Climate: present, past and future. Vol. 2, Climatic history and the future. London: Methuen. Larsen JA. 1980. The boreal ecosystem. New York: Academic Press (USA).
16. Ling F, Zhang T. 2003. Impact of the timing and duration of seasonal snow cover on the active layer and permafrost in the Alaskan Arctic. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes 14:141-150.
17. Ling F, Zhang T. 2007. Modeled impacts of changes in tundra snow thickness on ground thermal regime and heat flow to the atmosphere in northernmost Alaska. Global and Planetary Change 57:235-246.
18. MacDonald, GM, Kremenetski KV, Beilman DW. 2008. Climate change and the northern Russian treeline zone. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 363:2285-2299.
19. Mackay JR. 1998. Pingo growth and collapse, Tuktoyaktuk peninsula area, western Arctic Coast, Canada: a long-term field study. Géographie physique et Quaternaire 52:271-323.
20. th International Conference on Permafrost. Nordicana 57:723-729.
21. Mueller-Dombois D, Ellenberg H. 1974. Aims and methods of vegetation ecology. New York: John Wiley and Sons (USA).
22. nd International Conference on Permafrost, North American Contribution; Yakutsk, USSR. Washington (DC): National Academy of Sciences. p. 151-158.
23. Nikolov N, Helmisaari H. 1992. Sylvics of the circumpolar boreal forest tree species. In: Shugart HH, Leemans R, Bonan GB, editors. A systems analysis of the global boreal forest. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 13-84.
24. Oliver CD, Larson BC. 1996. Forest stand dynamics, update. New York: John Wiley and Sons (USA).
25. Payette S. 2001. Les processus et les formes périglaciaires. In: Payette S, Rochefort L, editors. Écologie des tourbières du Québec-Labrador. Québec, Canada: Les Presses de l'Université Laval. p. 199-239.
26. Payette S, Delwaide A. 1991. Variations séculaires du niveau d'eau dans le bassin de la rivière Boniface (Québec nordique): une analyse dendrochronologique. Géographie physique et Quaternaire 45:59-67.
27. Payette S, Delwaide A. 2000. Recent permafrost dynamics in a subarctic floodplain associated with changing water levels (Quebec, Canada). Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research 32:316-323.
28. Payette S, Delwaide A. 2004. Dynamics of subarctic wetland forests over the past 1500 years. Ecological Monographs 74:373-391.
29. Payette S, Filion L, Delwaide A. 2008. Spatially explicit fire-climate history of the boreal forest-tundra (eastern Canada) over the last 2000 years. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 363:2301-2316.
30. Payette S, Samson H, Lagarec D. 1976. The evolution of permafrost in the taiga and in the forest tundra, western Quebec-Labrador Peninsula. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 6:203-220.
31. Pereg D, Payette S. 1998. Development of black spruce growth forms at treeline. Plant Ecology 138:137-147.
32. Railton JB, Sparling, JH. 1973. Preliminary studies on the ecology of palsa mounds in northern Ontario. Canadian Journal of Botany 51:1037-1044.
33. Ritchie JC. 1987. Postglacial vegetation of Canada. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
34. Rowe JS. 1972. Forest regions of Canada. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada: Department of Environment. Publication 1300.
35. Salmi M. 1972. Present developmental stages of palsas in Finland. Proceedings of the 4th International Peat Congress; Otaniemi, Finland. p. 121-141.
36. Samson H. 1975. Évolution du pergélisol en milieu tourbeux en relation avec le dynamisme de la végétation, Golfe de Richmond, Nouveau-Québec [MSc thesis]. Québec, Canada: Université Laval.
37. Seppälä M. 1994. Snow depth controls palsa growth. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes 5:283-288.
38. Soil Classification Working Group. 1998. The Canadian system of soil classification. 3rd ed. Agriculture and agri-food. Ontario, Canada: NRC Research Press. Canada Publication 1646 (Revised).
39. Stine S. 1994. Extreme and persistent drought in California and Patagonia during mediaeval time. Nature 369:546-549.
40. Stuiver M, Reimer PJ, Bard E, Beck JW, Burr GS, Hughen KA, Kromer B, McCormac FG, Spurk M. 1998. INTCAL 98: Radiocarbon age calibration 24 000-0 cal BP. Radiocarbon 40:1041-1083.
41. Van Cleve K, Oechel WC, Hom JL. 1990. Response of black spruce (Picea mariana) ecosystems to soil temperature modification in interior Alaska. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 20:1530-1535.
42. Washburn AL. 1979. Geocryology. A survey of periglacial processes and environments. London: Edward Arnold.
43. Zhang T, Barry RG, Haeberli W. 2001. Numerical simulations of the influence of the seasonal snow cover on the occurrence of permafrost at high altitudes. Norsk Geografisk Tiddsskrift 55:261-266.
44. Zoltai, SC. 1970. Southern limit of permafrost features in peat landforms, Manitoba and Saskatchewan. Abstract of papers, Geological Association of Canada. Annual Meeting, Winnipeg, Canada.
45. Zoltai SC. 1972. Palsas and peat plateaux in central Manitoba and Saskatchewan. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 2:291-302.
46. Zoltai SC. 1975. Structure of subarctic forests on hummocky permafrost terrain in northwestern Canada. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 5:1-9.
47. Zoltai SC, Tarnocai C. 1971. Properties of a wooded palsa in northern Manitoba. Arctic and Alpine Research 3:115-129.