메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 116, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 389-452

Industry induces academic science to know less about more

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 77957961561     PISSN: 00029602     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1086/653834     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (76)

References (123)
  • 1
    • 54049135663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Academic freedom, private-sector focus, and the process of innovation
    • Aghion, P., M. Dewatripont, and J. C. Stein. 2008. "Academic Freedom, Private-Sector Focus, and the Process of Innovation." Rand Journal of Economics 39:617-35.
    • (2008) Rand Journal of Economics , vol.39 , pp. 617-635
    • Aghion, P.1    Dewatripont, M.2    Stein, J.C.3
  • 5
    • 56249084279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why did universities start patenting? Institution-building and the road to the bayh-dole act
    • Berman, E. P. 2008. "Why Did Universities Start Patenting? Institution-Building and the Road to the Bayh-Dole Act." Social Studies of Science 38:835-71.
    • (2008) Social Studies of Science , vol.38 , pp. 835-871
    • Berman, E.P.1
  • 6
    • 0000290729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Objective: The complete sequence of a plant genome
    • Bevan, Michael, et al. 1997. "Objective: The Complete Sequence of a Plant Genome." Plant Cell 9:476-77.
    • (1997) Plant Cell , vol.9 , pp. 476-477
    • Bevan, M.1
  • 7
    • 22644451496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Principle direction divisive partitioning
    • Boley, Daniel. 1997. "Principle Direction Divisive Partitioning." Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery 2:325-44.
    • (1997) Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery , vol.2 , pp. 325-344
    • Boley, D.1
  • 8
    • 6344265551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural holes and good ideas
    • Burt, R. S. 2004. "Structural Holes and Good Ideas." American Journal of Sociology 110:349-99.
    • (2004) American Journal of Sociology , vol.110 , pp. 349-399
    • Burt, R.S.1
  • 10
    • 0001123259 scopus 로고
    • Some elements of a sociology of translation: Domestication of the scallops and the fishermen of st brieuc bay
    • edited by John Law. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul
    • Callon, Michel. 1986. "Some Elements of a Sociology of Translation: Domestication of the Scallops and the Fishermen of St Brieuc Bay." Pp. 196-229 in Power, Action, and Belief: A New Sociology of Knowledge? edited by John Law. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
    • (1986) Power, Action, and Belief: A New Sociology of Knowledge? , pp. 196-229
    • Callon, M.1
  • 12
    • 78650881044 scopus 로고
    • Comparing frontiers: A scout report
    • Spring
    • Chandler, Arthur. 1988. "Comparing Frontiers: A Scout Report." Magazine (Spring).
    • (1988) Magazine
    • Chandler, A.1
  • 13
    • 1042269470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GAPSCORE: Finding gene and protein names one word at a time
    • Chang, J. T., H. Schutze, and R. B. Altman. 2004. "GAPSCORE: Finding Gene and Protein Names One Word at a Time." Bioinformatics 20:216-25.
    • (2004) Bioinformatics , vol.20 , pp. 216-25
    • Chang, J.T.1    Schutze, H.2    Altman, R.B.3
  • 16
    • 27144469033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emergent behavior of growing knowledge about molecular interactions
    • Cokol, M., I. Iossifov, C. Weinreb, and A. Rzhetsky. 2005. "Emergent Behavior of Growing Knowledge about Molecular Interactions." Nature Biotechnology 23: 1243-47.
    • (2005) Nature Biotechnology , vol.23 , pp. 1243-1247
    • Cokol, M.1    Iossifov, I.2    Weinreb, C.3    Rzhetsky, A.4
  • 17
    • 43949159014 scopus 로고
    • Toward a new economics of science
    • Dasgupta, Partha, and Paul A. David. 1994. "Toward a New Economics of Science." Research Policy 23:487-521.
    • (1994) Research Policy , vol.23 , pp. 487-521
    • Dasgupta, P.1    David, P.A.2
  • 18
    • 0042720547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Common agency contracting and the emergence of 'open science.'
    • David, Paul A. 1998. "Common Agency Contracting and the Emergence of 'Open Science.'" American Economic Review 88:15-21.
    • (1998) American Economic Review , vol.88 , pp. 15-21
    • David, P.A.1
  • 19
    • 0003290917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The research network and the new economics of science: From metaphors to organizational behaviors
    • edited by Alfonso Gambardella and Franco Malerba. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • David, Paul A., Dominique Foray, and W. Edward Steinmueller. 1999. "The Research Network and the New Economics of Science: From Metaphors to Organizational Behaviors." Pp. 303-42 in The Organization of Economic Innovation in Europe, edited by Alfonso Gambardella and Franco Malerba. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    • (1999) The Organization of Economic Innovation in Europe , pp. 303-342
    • David, P.A.1    Foray, D.2    Steinmueller, W.E.3
  • 20
    • 0347020605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Constituting the postwar earth sciences: The military's influence on the environmental sciences in the USA after 1945
    • Doel, R. E. 2003. "Constituting the Postwar Earth Sciences: The Military's Influence on the Environmental Sciences in the USA after 1945." Social Studies of Science 33:635-66.
    • (2003) Social Studies of Science , vol.33 , pp. 635-666
    • Doel, R.E.1
  • 21
    • 0003989256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Knowledge Factory, October 2
    • Economist, 1997. The Knowledge Factory, October 2
    • (1997) Economist
  • 22
    • 78650867049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biotech public-private partnership appears to be over
    • Associated Press, December 19
    • Elias, Paul. 2002. "Biotech Public-Private Partnership Appears to Be Over." San Jose Mercury News, Associated Press, December 19.
    • (2002) San Jose Mercury News
    • Elias, P.1
  • 23
    • 0020761332 scopus 로고
    • Entrepreneurial scientists and entrepreneurial universities in american academic science
    • Etzkowitz, Henry. 1983. "Entrepreneurial Scientists and Entrepreneurial Universities in American Academic Science." Minerva 21:198-233.
    • (1983) Minerva , vol.21 , pp. 198-233
    • Etzkowitz, H.1
  • 25
    • 78650854974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Industry collaboration and scientific sharing
    • in press
    • Evans, James A. 2010a. "Industry Collaboration and Scientific Sharing." Social Studies of Science, in press.
    • (2010) Social Studies of Science
    • Evans, J.A.1
  • 26
    • 78650888977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonprofit research institutes: From companies without products to universities without students
    • edited by Lis Clemens and Doug Guthrie. Chicago: University of Chicago Press
    • - 2010b. "Nonprofit Research Institutes: From Companies without Products to Universities without Students." Pp. 151-82 in Politics and Partnerships: The Role of Voluntary Associations in America's Political Past and Present, edited by Lis Clemens and Doug Guthrie. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
    • (2010) Politics and Partnerships: The Role of Voluntary Associations in America's Political Past and Present , pp. 151-182
    • Evans, J.A.1
  • 27
    • 0035420625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Technology as a complex adaptive system: Evidence from patent data
    • Fleming, L., and O. Sorenson. 2001. "Technology as a Complex Adaptive System: Evidence from Patent Data." Research Policy 30:1019-39.
    • (2001) Research Policy , vol.30 , pp. 1019-1039
    • Fleming, L.1    Sorenson, O.2
  • 30
    • 33750177351 scopus 로고
    • Centrality in social networks conceptual clarification
    • Freeman, Linton C. 1979. "Centrality in Social Networks Conceptual Clarification." Social Networks 1:215-239.
    • (1979) Social Networks , vol.1 , pp. 215-239
    • Freeman, L.C.1
  • 35
    • 0032076909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can patents deter innovation? the anticommons in biomedical research
    • Heller, Michael A., and Rebecca S. Eisenberg. 1998. "Can Patents Deter Innovation? The Anticommons in Biomedical Research." Science 280:698.
    • (1998) Science , vol.280 , pp. 698
    • Heller, M.A.1    Eisenberg, R.S.2
  • 36
    • 1542784246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Marginal structural models to estimate the joint causal effect of nonrandomized treatments
    • Hernán, Miguel A., Babetter Brumback, and James M. Robins. 2001. "Marginal Structural Models to Estimate the Joint Causal Effect of Nonrandomized Treatments." Journal of the American Statistical Association 96:8.
    • (2001) Journal of the American Statistical Association , vol.96 , pp. 8
    • Hernán, M.A.1    Brumback, B.2    Robins, J.M.3
  • 37
    • 78650897428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lee hood on innovation, technology, and systems
    • September 9
    • Hood, Lee. 2004. "Lee Hood on Innovation, Technology, and Systems." BioCommerce Weekly, September 9.
    • (2004) BioCommerce Weekly
    • Hood, L.1
  • 38
    • 0017771466 scopus 로고
    • Evolution and tinkering
    • Jacob, F. 1977. "Evolution and Tinkering." Science 196:1161-66.
    • (1977) Science , vol.196 , pp. 1161-1166
    • Jacob, F.1
  • 40
    • 0009357047 scopus 로고
    • New York: McGraw-Hill
    • Josephson, Matthew. 1959. Edison. New York: McGraw-Hill.
    • (1959) Edison
    • Josephson, M.1
  • 41
    • 0037286860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cold war requisitions, scientific manpower, and the production of american physicists after world war II
    • Kaiser, D. 2002. "Cold War Requisitions, Scientific Manpower, and the Production of American Physicists after World War II." Historical Studies in the Physical and Biological Sciences 33:131-59.
    • (2002) Historical Studies in the Physical and Biological Sciences , vol.33 , pp. 131-159
    • Kaiser, D.1
  • 42
    • 0038163983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Technical report no. 02-017. University of Minnesota, Department of Computer Science
    • Karypis, George. 2002. "CLUTO a Clustering Toolkit." Technical report no. 02-017. University of Minnesota, Department of Computer Science.
    • (2002) CLUTO A Clustering Toolkit
    • Karypis, G.1
  • 46
    • 0007416885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pervasive influence: Intellectual property, industrial history, and university science
    • - 1998. "Pervasive Influence: Intellectual Property, Industrial History, and University Science." Science and Public Policy 25:95-102.
    • (1998) Science and Public Policy , vol.25 , pp. 95-102
    • Kleinman, D.L.1
  • 47
    • 84937293742 scopus 로고
    • Hot science/cold war: The national science foundation after world war II
    • Kleinman, Daniel L., and M. Solovey. 1995. "Hot Science/Cold War: The National Science Foundation after World War II." Radical History Review, no. 93 (Fall): 111-39.
    • (1995) Radical History Review , Issue.93 , pp. 111-139
    • Kleinman, D.L.1    Solovey, M.2
  • 51
    • 0001163074 scopus 로고
    • The function of measurement in modern physical science
    • Kuhn, Thomas S. 1961. "The Function of Measurement in Modern Physical Science." Isis 52:161-93.
    • (1961) Isis , vol.52 , pp. 161-193
    • Kuhn Tomas, S.1
  • 58
  • 59
    • 15844417569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genome-wide non- mendelian inheritance of extra-genomic information in arabidopsis
    • Lolle, S. J., J. L. Victor, J. M. Young, and R. E. Pruitt. 2005. "Genome-wide Non- Mendelian Inheritance of Extra-genomic Information in Arabidopsis." Nature 434: 505-9.
    • (2005) Nature , vol.434 , pp. 505-509
    • Lolle, S.J.1    Victor, J.L.2    Young, J.M.3    Pruitt, R.E.4
  • 61
    • 0000761443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The modern university: Contributor to industrial innovation and recipient of industrial support
    • Mansfield, Edwin, and Jeong-Yeon Lee. 1996. "The Modern University: Contributor to Industrial Innovation and Recipient of Industrial Support." Research Policy 25: 1047-58.
    • (1996) Research Policy , vol.25 , pp. 1047-1058
    • Mansfield, E.1    Lee, J.-Y.2
  • 64
    • 85050175657 scopus 로고
    • Group influences and agricultural innovations: Tentative findings and hypotheses
    • Marsh, Paul C., and A. Lee Coleman. 1956. "Group Influences and Agricultural Innovations: Tentative Findings and Hypotheses." American Journal of Sociology 61: 588-94.
    • (1956) American Journal of Sociology , vol.61 , pp. 588-594
    • Marsh, P.C.1    Coleman, A.L.2
  • 65
    • 0002020587 scopus 로고
    • The german ideology
    • 2d ed., edited by Robert C. Tucker. New York: Norton
    • Marx, Karl, and Friedrich Engels. (1846) 1978. "The German Ideology." Pp. 146-200 in The Marx-Engels Reader, 2d ed., edited by Robert C. Tucker. New York: Norton.
    • (1846) The Marx-Engels Reader , pp. 146-200
    • Marx, K.1    Engels, F.2
  • 68
    • 85050783952 scopus 로고
    • Innovation, integration, and marginality: A survey of physicians
    • Menzel, Herbert. 1960. "Innovation, Integration, and Marginality: A Survey of Physicians." American Sociological Review 25:704-13.
    • (1960) American Sociological Review , vol.25 , pp. 704-713
    • Menzel, H.1
  • 69
    • 4344592475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in industrial research and development: Evidence from national data sources
    • by the National Research Council Board on Science, Technology and Economic Policy. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press
    • Merrill, S. A., and R. S. Cooper. 1999. "Trends in Industrial Research and Development: Evidence from National Data Sources." Pp. 99-116 in Securing America's Industrial Strength, by the National Research Council Board on Science, Technology and Economic Policy. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.
    • (1999) Securing America's Industrial Strength , pp. 99-116
    • Merrill, S.A.1    Cooper, R.S.2
  • 71
    • 33645945906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Corporations, universities, and instrumental communities - Commercializing probe microscopy, 1981-1996
    • Mody, C. C. M. 2006. "Corporations, Universities, and Instrumental Communities - Commercializing Probe Microscopy, 1981-1996." Technology and Culture 47:56-80.
    • (2006) Technology and Culture , vol.47 , pp. 56-80
    • Mody, C.C.M.1
  • 73
    • 0008858693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • America's industrial resurgence? an overview
    • Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press
    • Mowery, David C. 1999. "America's Industrial Resurgence? An Overview." Pp. 1-16 in U.S. Industry in 2000: Studies in Competitive Performance. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.
    • (1999) U.S. Industry in 2000: Studies in Competitive Performance , pp. 1-16
    • Mowery, D.C.1
  • 74
    • 31244435666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Academic patent quality and quantity before and after the bayh-dole act in the United States
    • Mowery, David C., and A. A. Ziedonis. 2002. "Academic Patent Quality and Quantity before and after the Bayh-Dole Act in the United States." Research Policy 31: 399-418.
    • (2002) Research Policy , vol.31 , pp. 399-418
    • Mowery, D.C.1    Ziedonis, A.A.2
  • 76
    • 31244436968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Innovation as co-evolution of scientific and technological networks: Exploring tissue engineering
    • Murray, F. 2002. "Innovation as Co-evolution of Scientific and Technological Networks: Exploring Tissue Engineering." Research Policy 31:1389-1403.
    • (2002) Research Policy , vol.31 , pp. 1389-1403
    • Murray, F.1
  • 78
    • 84867929459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the uneven evolution of human know-how
    • Nelson, Richard R. 2003. "On the Uneven Evolution of Human Know-How." Research Policy 32:13.
    • (2003) Research Policy , vol.32 , pp. 13
    • Nelson, R.R.1
  • 81
    • 0347651306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A context of motivation: US Navy oceanographic research and the discovery of sea-floor hydrothermal vents
    • Oreskes, N. 2003. "A Context of Motivation: US Navy Oceanographic Research and the Discovery of Sea-Floor Hydrothermal Vents." Social Studies of Science 33: 697-742.
    • (2003) Social Studies of Science , vol.33 , pp. 697-742
    • Oreskes, N.1
  • 82
    • 84867975571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From separate systems to a hybrid order: Accumulative advantage across public and private science
    • Owen-Smith, Jason. 2003. "From Separate Systems to a Hybrid Order: Accumulative Advantage across Public and Private Science." Research Policy 32:1081-1104.
    • (2003) Research Policy , vol.32 , pp. 1081-1104
    • Owen-Smith, J.1
  • 83
    • 0141993817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The expanding role of university patenting in the life sciences: Assessing the importance of experience and connectivity
    • Owen-Smith, Jason, and Walter W. Powell. 2003. "The Expanding Role of University Patenting in the Life Sciences: Assessing the Importance of Experience and Connectivity." Research Policy 32:1695-1711.
    • (2003) Research Policy , vol.32 , pp. 1695-1711
    • Owen-Smith, J.1    Powell, W.W.2
  • 84
    • 1642283756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Knowledge networks as channels and conduits: The effects of spillovers in the boston biotechnology community
    • - 2004. "Knowledge Networks as Channels and Conduits: The Effects of Spillovers in the Boston Biotechnology Community." Organization Science 15:5-21.
    • (2004) Organization Science , vol.15 , pp. 5-21
    • Owen-Smith, J.1    Powell, W.W.2
  • 86
    • 0035458108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Middle-status conformity: Theoretical restatement and empirical demonstration in two markets
    • Phillips, Damon J., and Ezra W. Zuckerman. 2001. "Middle-Status Conformity: Theoretical Restatement and Empirical Demonstration in Two Markets." American Journal of Sociology 107:379-429.
    • (2001) American Journal of Sociology , vol.107 , pp. 379-429
    • Phillips, D.J.1    Zuckerman, E.W.2
  • 87
    • 0000820455 scopus 로고
    • Neither market nor hierarchy: Network forms of organization
    • Powell, Walter W. 1990. "Neither Market Nor Hierarchy: Network Forms of Organization." Research in Organizational Behavior 12:295-336.
    • (1990) Research in Organizational Behavior , vol.12 , pp. 295-336
    • Powell, W.W.1
  • 89
    • 0030306449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interorganizational collaboration and the locus of innovation: Networks of learning in biotechnology
    • Powell, Walter W., K. W. Koput, and L. SmithDoerr. 1996. "Interorganizational Collaboration and the Locus of Innovation: Networks of Learning in Biotechnology." Administrative Science Quarterly 41:116-45.
    • (1996) Administrative Science Quarterly , vol.41 , pp. 116-145
    • Powell, W.W.1    Koput, K.W.2    Smithdoerr, L.3
  • 90
    • 73949109628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Organizational and institutional genesis: The emergence of high-tech clusters in the life sciences
    • In press, edited by John Padgett and Walter W. Powell. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press
    • Powell, Walter W., Kelley Packalen, and Kjersten B. Whittington. In press. "Organizational and Institutional Genesis: The Emergence of High-Tech Clusters in the Life Sciences." In Clusters, Networks, and Innovation, edited by John Padgett and Walter W. Powell. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
    • Clusters, Networks, and Innovation
    • Powell, W.W.1    Packalen, K.2    Whittington, K.B.3
  • 91
    • 0002780977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The kept university
    • March
    • Press, Eyal, and Jennifer Washburn. 2000. "The Kept University." Atlantic Monthly 285 (March): 39-54.
    • (2000) Atlantic Monthly , vol.285 , pp. 39-54
    • Press, E.1    Washburn, J.2
  • 94
    • 0033847784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Marginal structural models and causal inference in epidemiology
    • Robins, J. M., M. A. Hernán, and B. Brumback. 2000. "Marginal Structural Models and Causal Inference in Epidemiology." Epidemiology 11:550-60.
    • (2000) Epidemiology , vol.11 , pp. 550-60
    • Robins, J.M.1    Hernán, M.A.2    Brumback, B.3
  • 95
    • 0002287443 scopus 로고
    • The commercial exploitation of science by American industry
    • edited by Kim B. Clark, Robert H. Hayes, and Christopher Lorenz. Boston: Harvard Business School Press
    • Rosenberg, Nathan. 1985. "The Commercial Exploitation of Science by American Industry." Pp. 19-52 in The Uneasy Alliance: Managing the Productivity-Technology Dilemma, edited by Kim B. Clark, Robert H. Hayes, and Christopher Lorenz. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
    • (1985) The Uneasy Alliance: Managing the Productivity-Technology Dilemma , pp. 19-52
    • Rosenberg, N.1
  • 97
    • 1842462016 scopus 로고
    • American universities and technical advance in industry
    • Rosenberg, Nathan, and Richard R. Nelson. 1994. "American Universities and Technical Advance in Industry." Research Policy 23:323-48.
    • (1994) Research Policy , vol.23 , pp. 323-348
    • Rosenberg, N.1    Nelson, R.R.2
  • 98
    • 0013987194 scopus 로고
    • The centrality index of a graph
    • Sabidussi, G. 1966. "The Centrality Index of a Graph." Psychometrika 31:581-603.
    • (1966) Psychometrika , vol.31 , pp. 581-603
    • Sabidussi, G.1
  • 101
    • 78650902236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Judge invalidates human gene patent
    • March 29
    • Schwartz, John, and Andrew Pollack. 2010. "Judge Invalidates Human Gene Patent." New York Times, March 29.
    • (2010) New York Times
    • Schwartz, J.1    Pollack, A.2
  • 105
    • 0036844861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A fortunate choice: Thehistory of arabidopsis as a model plant
    • Somerville, Chris R., and Maarten Koornneef. 2002. "A Fortunate Choice: TheHistory of Arabidopsis as a Model Plant." Nature Reviews/Genetics 3:883-89.
    • (2002) Nature Reviews/Genetics , vol.3 , pp. 883-889
    • Somerville, C.R.1    Koornneef, M.2
  • 106
    • 0000784788 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of photosynthesis in arabidopsis mutants lacking leaf glutamate synthase activity
    • Somerville, Chris R., and William L. Ogren. 1979a. "Inhibition of Photosynthesis in Arabidopsis Mutants Lacking Leaf Glutamate Synthase Activity." Nature 286: 257-59.
    • (1979) Nature , vol.286 , pp. 257-259
    • Somerville, C.R.1    Ogren, W.L.2
  • 107
    • 0001718285 scopus 로고
    • Phosphoglycolate phosphatase-deficient mutant of arabidopsis
    • - 1979b. "Phosphoglycolate Phosphatase-Deficient Mutant of Arabidopsis." Nature 280:833-36.
    • (1979) Nature , vol.280 , pp. 833-836
    • Somerville, C.R.1    Ogren, W.L.2
  • 111
    • 0010063566 scopus 로고
    • Who belong in the family
    • Thorndike, Robert L. 1953. "Who Belong in the Family." Psychometrika 18:267-76.
    • (1953) Psychometrika , vol.18 , pp. 267-276
    • Thorndike, R.L.1
  • 113
    • 42049093222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contradiction, convergence and the knowledge economy: The confluence of academic and commercial biotechnology
    • Vallas, Steven Peter, and Daniel Lee Kleinman. 2008. "Contradiction, Convergence and the Knowledge Economy: The Confluence of Academic and Commercial Biotechnology." Socio-economic Review 6:283-311.
    • (2008) Socio-economic Review , vol.6 , pp. 283-311
    • Vallas, S.P.1    Kleinman, D.L.2
  • 115
    • 0034649567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arabidopsis thaliana genome: A green chapter in the book of life
    • Walbot V. 2000, Arabidopsis thaliana Genome: A Green Chapter in the Book of Life." Nature, 408, 794-95.
    • (2000) Nature , vol.408 , pp. 794-795
    • Walbot, V.1
  • 117
    • 78650915493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of male and female dissemination in public and private science
    • edited by Richard B. Freeman and Daniel F. Goroff. Chicago: University of Chicago Press (for National Bureau of Economic Research)
    • Whittington, Kjersten Bunker. 2009. "Patterns of Male and Female Dissemination in Public and Private Science." Pp. 195-228 in Science and Engineering Careers in the United States: An Analysis of Markets and Employment, edited by Richard B. Freeman and Daniel F. Goroff. Chicago: University of Chicago Press (for National Bureau of Economic Research).
    • (2009) Science and Engineering Careers in the United States: An Analysis of Markets and Employment , pp. 195-228
    • Whittington, K.B.1
  • 118
    • 67149115152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Networks, propinquity, and innovation in knowledge-intensive industries
    • Whittington, Kjersten Bunker, Jason Owen-Smith, and Walter W. Powell. 2009. "Networks, Propinquity, and Innovation in Knowledge-Intensive Industries." Administrative Science Quarterly 54:90-122.
    • (2009) Administrative Science Quarterly , vol.54 , pp. 90-122
    • Whittington, K.B.1    Owen-Smith, J.2    Powell, W.W.3
  • 119
    • 84900145349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two groups sequence rice: Combining draft sequences may accelerate completion of finished genome
    • Winstead, Edward R. 2002. "Two Groups Sequence Rice: Combining Draft Sequences May Accelerate Completion of Finished Genome." GNN - Genome News Network, http://www.genomenewsnetwork.org/articles/04-02/rice-genomes.shtml.
    • (2002) GNN - Genome News Network
    • Winstead, E.R.1
  • 120
    • 24044537630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hierarchical clustering algorithms for document datasets
    • Zhao, Ying, and George Karypis. 2005a. "Hierarchical Clustering Algorithms for Document Datasets." Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery 10:141-68.
    • (2005) Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery , vol.10 , pp. 141-168
    • Zhao, Y.1    Karypis, G.2
  • 121
    • 84880093929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Topic-driven clustering for document datasets
    • Philadelphia: Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
    • - 2005b. "Topic-Driven Clustering for Document Datasets." Pp. 358-69 in SIAM International Conference on Data Mining. Philadelphia: Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics.
    • (2005) SIAM International Conference on Data Mining , pp. 358-369
    • Zhao, Y.1    Karypis, G.2
  • 122
    • 0029850502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Star scientists and institutional transformation: Patterns of invention and innovation in the formation of the biotechnology industry
    • Zucker, Lynne G., and Michael R. Darby. 1996. "Star Scientists and Institutional Transformation: Patterns of Invention and Innovation in the Formation of the Biotechnology Industry." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 93:12709-16.
    • (1996) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America , vol.93 , pp. 12709-12716
    • Zucker, L.G.1    Darby, M.R.2
  • 123
    • 0347963890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intellectual human capital and the birth of us biotechnology enterprises
    • Zucker, Lynne G., Michael R. Darby, and Marilynn B. Brewer. 1998. "Intellectual Human Capital and the Birth of US Biotechnology Enterprises." American Economic Review 88:290-306.
    • (1998) American Economic Review , vol.88 , pp. 290-306
    • Zucker, L.G.1    Darby, M.R.2    Brewer, M.B.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.