The global pediatric antiretroviral market: Analyses of product availability and utilization reveal challenges for development of pediatric formulations and HIV/AIDS treatment in children

BMC Pediatrics

Volumn 10, Issue , 2010, Pages

  Waning, Brenda ^a,b   Diedrichsen, Ellen ^a   Jambert, Elodie ^c   Bärnighausen, Till ^d,e   Li, Yun ^a   Pouw, Mieke ^b   Moon, Suerie ^f  

^a BOSTON MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b UTRECHT UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

^c MÉDECINS SANS FRONTIÈRES   (Switzerland)

^d HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF KWAZULU NATAL   (South Africa)

^f HARVARD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ABACAVIR; ABACAVIR PLUS LAMIVUDINE; ABACAVIR PLUS LAMIVUDINE PLUS ZIDOVUDINE; ABACAVIR PLUS NEVIRAPINE PLUS ZIDOVUDINE; ANTIRETROVIRUS AGENT; ATAZANAVIR; DARUNAVIR; DIDANOSINE; EFAVIRENZ; EFAVIRENZ PLUS EMTRICITABINE; EMTRICITABINE; FOSAMPRENAVIR; LAMIVUDINE; LAMIVUDINE PLUS NEVIRAPINE PLUS STAVUDINE; LAMIVUDINE PLUS NEVIRAPINE PLUS ZIDOVUDINE; LAMIVUDINE PLUS STAVUDINE; LAMIVUDINE PLUS ZIDOVUDINE; LOPINAVIR PLUS RITONAVIR; NELFINAVIR; NEVIRAPINE; RIFAMPICIN; RITONAVIR; SAQUINAVIR; STAVUDINE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; ZIDOVUDINE; GENERIC DRUG;

ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; ARTICLE; CHILD HEALTH; CHILDHOOD DISEASE; DRUG COST; DRUG FORMULATION; DRUG MARKETING; DRUG USE; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; TUBERCULOSIS; WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION; CHILD; COMPARATIVE STUDY; ECONOMICS; FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION; HEALTH CARE DELIVERY; MARKETING; POLICY; UNITED STATES;

ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME; ANTI-RETROVIRAL AGENTS; CHILD; DRUG COSTS; DRUGS, GENERIC; HEALTH SERVICES ACCESSIBILITY; HIV INFECTIONS; HUMANS; MARKETING; PUBLIC POLICY; UNITED STATES; UNITED STATES FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION; WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION;

EID: 77957911714     PISSN: None     EISSN: 14712431     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2431-10-74     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Dionisio D, Gass R, McDermott P, Racalbuto V, Madeo M, Braghieri G, Crowley S, Pinheiro EDS, Graaff P, Vasan A, et al. What Strategies to Boost Production of Affordable Fixed-Dose Anti-Retroviral Drug Combinations for Children in the Developing World?. Current HIV Research 2007, 5(2):155-187. 10.2174/157016207780077075, 17346132.
2. UNAIDS, UNICEF A call to action. Children: the missing face of AIDS. 2005, UNAIDS, UNICEF.
3. Milne CP, Bruss JB. The economics of pediatric formulation development for off-patent drugs. Clinical Therapeutics 2008, 30(11):2133-2145. 10.1016/j.clinthera.2008.11.019, 19108801.
4. Bowen A, Palasanthiran P, Sohn AH. Global challenges in the development and delivery of paediatric antiretrovirals. Drug Discovery Today 2008, 13(11-12):530-535. 10.1016/j.drudis.2008.03.018, 2491451, 18549980.
5. World Health Organization UNAIDS, UNICEF Towards universal access: Scaling up priority HIV/AIDS interventions in the health sector. Progress report 2009. 2009, Geneva, World Health Organization UNAIDS, UNICEF.
6. South African Health Minister to Launch PMTCT plan. , http://www.kaiserhealthnews.org/daily-reports/2009/may/27/dr00058597.aspx?referrer=search
7. United Nations Children's Fund, World Health Organization UNICEF/WHO technical consultation: improving access to appropriate paediatric ARV formulations. 2004, Geneva, United Nations Children's Fund, World Health Organization.
8. WHO list of prequalified medicinal products. , http://apps.who.int/prequal/
9. Drugs @ FDA: FDA Approved drug products. , http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/drugsatfda/index.cfm
10. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief: Approved and tentatively approved antiretrovirals in association with the President's Emergency Plan. , http://www.fda.gov/InternationalPrograms/FDABeyondOurBordersForeignOffices/AsiaandAfrica/ucm119231.htm
11. Médecins Sans Frontières Children being neglected in AIDS fight, says MSF. 2004, Médecins Sans Frontières.
12. Médecins Sans Frontières Drug companies leave children with AIDS to fend for themselves. Press release. 2005, Médecins Sans Frontières.
13. Unite for Children. Unite for AIDS. , http://www.uniteforchildren.org/
14. World Health Organization WHO model list of essential medicines children. 2007, Geneva, World Health Organization.
15. Make medicines child size. , http://www.who.int/childmedicines/en/
16. US President's Plan for Emergency AIDS Relief. , http://www.pepfar.gov/
17. UNITAID. , http://www.unitaid.eu/
18. Clinton Health Access Initiative. , http://www.clintonfoundation.org/what-we-do/clinton-health-access-initiative
19. Supply Chain Management System. , http://www.scms.pfscm.org/scms
20. http://www.theglobalfund.org/en/
21. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief Chapter 6. Responding to critical issues: children and HIV/AIDS. The power of partnerships:President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief 2006, 139-151. Washington DC, President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief.
22. UNITAID Resolution No. 8: Pediatric ARV. First Board Meeting Report 2006, Geneva, UNITAID.
23. Kids- A. R. T. Linc Collaboration Low Risk of Death, but Substantial Program Attrition, in Pediatric HIV Treatment Cohorts in Sub-Saharan Africa. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 2008, 49(5):523-531. Kids- A. R. T. Linc Collaboration.
24. Raguenaud ME, Isaakidis P, Zachariah R, Te V, Soeung S, Akao K, Kumar V. Excellent outcomes among HIV+ children on ART, but unacceptably high pre-ART mortality and losses to follow-up: a cohort study from Cambodia. BMC Pediatrics 2009, 9(1):54. 10.1186/1471-2431-9-54, 2746191, 19691853.
25. Clinton Foundation HIV/AIDS Initiative data provided to UNICEF Children and AIDS: fourth stocktaking report, 2009. 2009, Geneva: UNICEF, UNAIDS, World Health Organization, JNFPA, Clinton Foundation HIV/AIDS Initiative data provided to UNICEF.
26. Price & Quality Reporting. , http://pqr.theglobalfund.org/PQRWeb/Screens/PQRLogin.aspx?Lang=en-GB
27. Global Price Reporting Mechanism. , http://www.who.int/hiv/amds/gprm/en/
28. Médecins sans Frontières Essential Medicines List, 17th WHO meeting. Letter to WHO Expert Committe on Essential Medicine Selection. 2009, Geneva, Médecins sans Frontières.
29. 't Hoen E. The Global Politics of Pharmaceutical Monopoly Power: Drug Patents, Access, Innovation and the Application of the WTO Doha Declaration on TRIPS and Public Health. 2009, Diemen: AMB Publishers.
30. Waning B, Kaplan W, King A, Lawrence D, Leufkens H, Fox M. Global strategies to reduce the price of antiretroviral medicines: evidence from transactional databases. Bull World Health Organ 2009, 87(7):520-528. 10.2471/BLT.08.058925, 2704041, 19649366.
31. Waning B, Kaplan W, Fox M, Boyd-Boffa M, King A, Lawrence D, Soucy L, Mahajan S, Leufkens H, Gokhale M. Temporal trends in generic and brand prices of antiretroviral medicines procured with donor funds in developing countries. J Gen Med 2010, 7:159-175.
32. Waning B, Kyle M, Diedrichsen E, Soucy L, Hochstadt J, Bärnighausen T, Moon S. Intervening in global markets to improve access to HIV/AIDS treatment: an analysis of international policies and the dynamics of global antiretroviral medicines markets. Glob & Health 2010, 6(9).
33. World Health Organization Preferred antiretroviral medicines for treating and preventing HIV infection in younger children. 2007, Geneva, World Health Organization.
34. World Health Organization Antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection in infants and children: towards universal access. 2006, Geneva, World Health Organization.
35. International Monetary Fund World Economic Outlook Database. 2010, Washington DC, International Monetary Fund.
36. World Health Organization Report of the 17th Expert Committee on the Selection and Use of Essential Medicines. 2010, Geneva, World Health Organization.
37. World Health Organization Scaling up antiretroviral therapy in resource-limited settings: guidelines for a public health approach. 2002, Geneva, World Health Organization.
38. World Health Organization Antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection in adults and adolescents in resource-limited settings: towards universal access. 2006, Geneva, World Health Organization.
39. World Health Organization Rapid advice: antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection in adults and adolescents. 2009, Geneva, World Health Organization.
40. World Health Organization Report of the WHO Technical Reference Group: Paediatric HIV/ART Care Guideline Group Meeting. 2008, Geneva, World Health Organization.
41. The Global Fund to Fight AIDS T, and Malaria Approved grant amounts and disbursements. 2010, Geneva, The Global Fund to Fight AIDS T, and Malaria.
42. UNITAID UNITAID Annual report 2009. 2010, Geneva, UNITAID.
43. DELIVER A logistical challenge: ensuring access to ARVs for kids. 2005, Arlington, DELIVER.
44. UNITAID response to Bristol-Myers Squibb interrupted production of HIV medicines for infants. , http://www.unitaid.eu/en/20100607262/News/UNITAID-Response-to-Bristol-Myers-Squibb-Interrupted-Production-of-HIV-Medicines-for-Infants.html
45. Kamal-Yanni M, Nichols K, Tallah E, Otwoma N. Open letter to Lamberto Andreotti, Chief Executive Officer, Bristol-Myers Squibb. Lancet online 2010, (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60940-3).
46. Nations United Millennium development goals report. 2005, New York, Nations United.
47. Waning B, Kaplan W, Gokhale M, Feeley F, Brooks B, Boyd-Boffa M, Mahajan S, Soucy L, Costello J. Benchmarking antiretroviral prices in countries of the Former Soviet Union. 2008, New York: Open Society Institute.