Update on the Diagnosis and Management of Giardia spp Infections in Dogs and Cats

Topics in Companion Animal Medicine

Volumn 25, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 155-162

  Tangtrongsup, Sahatchai ^a   Scorza, Valeria ^a  

^a Veterinary Dentistry and Oral Surgery   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIPROTOZOAL AGENT;

ANIMAL; ANIMAL DISEASE; CAT; CAT DISEASE; DISEASE TRANSMISSION; DOG; DOG DISEASE; GIARDIASIS; HUMAN; PREVALENCE; PROGNOSIS; REVIEW; ZOONOSIS;

ANIMALS; ANTIPROTOZOAL AGENTS; CAT DISEASES; CATS; DOG DISEASES; DOGS; GIARDIASIS; HUMANS; PREVALENCE; PROGNOSIS; ZOONOSES;

CANIS FAMILIARIS; GIARDIA;

EID: 77957788607     PISSN: 19389736     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1053/j.tcam.2010.07.003     Document Type: Review

References (52)

1. Monis P.T., Caccio S.M., Thompson R.C. Variation in Giardia: towards a taxonomic revision of the genus. Trends Parasitol 2009, 25:93-100.
2. Bowman D.D., Lucio-Forster A. Cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis in dogs and cats: veterinary and public health importance. Exp Parasitol 2010, 124:121-127.
3. Thompson R.C., Palmer C.S., O'Handley R. The public health and clinical significance of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in domestic animals. Vet J 2008, 177:18-25.
4. Spain C.V., Scarlett J.M., Wade S.E., et al. Prevalence of enteric zoonotic agents in cats less than 1 year old in central New York State. J Vet Intern Med 2001, 15:33-38.
5. Nutter F.B., Dubey J.P., Levine J.F., et al. Seroprevalences of antibodies against Bartonella henselae and Toxoplasma gondii and fecal shedding of Cryptosporidium spp, Giardia spp, and Toxocara cati in feral and pet domestic cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2004, 225:1394-1398.
6. Carlin E.P., Bowman D.D., Scarlett J.M., et al. Prevalence of Giardia in symptomatic dogs and cats throughout the United States as determined by the IDEXX SNAP Giardia test. Vet Ther 2006, 7:199-206.
7. Little S.E., Johnson E.M., Lewis D., et al. Prevalence of intestinal parasites in pet dogs in the United States. Vet Parasitol 2009, 166:144-152.
8. Hackett T., Lappin M.R. Prevalence of enteric pathogens in dogs of north-central Colorado. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2003, 39:52-56.
9. Hill S.L., Cheney J.M., Taton-Allen G.F., et al. Prevalence of enteric zoonotic organisms in cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2000, 216:687-692.
10. Gates M.C., Nolan T.J. Endoparasite prevalence and recurrence across different age groups of dogs and cats. Vet Parasitol 2009, 166:153-158.
11. Vasilopulos R.J., Mackin A.J., Rickard L.G., et al. Prevalence and factors associated with fecal shedding of Giardia spp. in domestic cats. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2006, 42:424-429.
12. Ankarklev J., Jerlstrom-Hultqvist J., Ringqvist E., et al. Behind the smile: cell biology and disease mechanisms of Giardia species. Nat Rev Microbiol 2010, 8:413-422.
13. Buret A.G. Pathophysiology of enteric infections with Giardia duodenalius. Parasite 2008, 15:261-265.
14. Dow S.W., LeCouteur R.A., Poss M.L., et al. Central nervous system toxicosis associated with metronidazole treatment of dogs: five cases (1984-1987). J Am Vet Med Assoc 1989, 195:365-368.
15. Scorza A.V., Lappin M.R. Metronidazole for the treatment of feline giardiasis. J Feline Med Surg 2004, 6:157-160.
16. Huber F., Bomfim T.C., Gomes R.S. Comparison between natural infection by Cryptosporidium sp.,Giardia sp. in dogs in two living situations in the West Zone of the municipality of Rio de Janeiro. Vet Parasitol 2005, 130:69-72.
17. Kirkpatrick C.E., Laczak J.P. Giardiasis in a cattery. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1985, 187:161-162.
18. Barr S.C. Giardiasis. Infectious Diseases of the Dog and Cat 2006, 736-742. Elsevier Saunders, Philadelphia. (ed 3). C.E. Greene (Ed.).
19. Gookin J.L., Stebbins M.E., Hunt E., et al. Prevalence of and risk factors for feline Tritrichomonas foetus and giardia infection. J Clin Microbiol 2004, 42:2707-2710.
20. Scorza A.V., Lappin M.R. Co-infection of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in naturally infected cats, in Diagnosis and Treatment of Cryptosporidiosis and Giardiasis in Cats and Dogs in the United States., Clinical Sciences 2007, Colorado State University, Fort Collins.
21. Sykes T.J., Fox M.T. Patterns of infection with Giardia in dogs in London. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1989, 83:239-240.
22. Bermudez-Cruz RM, Thomas M, Alliot A, et al. Identification of Giardia genotypes in dogs from kennels and veterinarian clinics in France, in 2009 Scientific Proceedings, 3rd International Giardia and Cryptosporidium Conference. Orvieto, Italy, 2009.
23. Kirkpatrick C.E., Farrell J.P. Feline giardiasis: observations on natural and induced infections. Am J Vet Res 1984, 45:2182-2188.
24. Dryden M.W., Payne P.A., Smith V. Accurate diagnosis of Giardia spp and proper fecal examination procedures. Vet Ther 2006, 7:4-14.
25. Gates M.C., Nolan T.J. Comparison of passive fecal flotation run by veterinary students to zinc-sulfate centrifugation flotation run in a diagnostic parasitology laboratory. J Parasitol 2009, 95:1213-1214.
26. Mekaru S.R., Marks S.L., Felley A.J., et al. Comparison of direct immunofluorescence, immunoassays, and fecal flotation for detection of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. in naturally exposed cats in 4 Northern California animal shelters. J Vet Intern Med 2007, 21:959-965.
27. Rishniw M., Liotta J., Bellosa M., et al. Comparison of 4 Giardia diagnostic tests in diagnosis of naturally acquired canine chronic subclinical giardiasis. J Vet Intern Med 2010, 24:293-297.
28. Cacciò S.M., Beck R., Lalle M., et al. Multilocus genotyping of Giardia duodenalis reveals striking differences between assemblages A and B. Int J Parasitol (e-pub) 15 May 2008.
29. Scorza AV, Lappin MR, Ballweber LR: Genotyping of Giardia duodenalis isolates of mammals (dogs, cats, bobcats, and cattle) by βgiardin, glutamate dehydrogenase and triosephosphate isomerase genes, in 2009 Scientific Proceedings, 3rd International Giardia and Cryptosporidium Conference. Orvieto, Italy, 2009.
30. Rossignol J.F. Cryptosporidium and Giardia: treatment options and prospects for new drugs. Exp Parasitol 2010, 124:45-53.
31. Barr S.C., Bowman D.D., Frongillo M.F., et al. Efficacy of a drug combination of praziquantel, pyrantel pamoate, and febantel against giardiasis in dogs. Am J Vet Res 1998, 59:1134-1136.
32. Keith C.L., Radecki S.V., Lappin M.R. Evaluation of fenbendazole for treatment of Giardia infection in cats concurrently infected with Cryptosporidium parvum. Am J Vet Res 2003, 64:1027-1029.
33. Zimmer J.F. Treatment of feline giardiasis with metronidazole. Cornell Vet 1987, 77:383-388.
34. Scorza A.V., Radecki S.V., Lappin M.R. Efficacy of a combination of febantel, pyrantel, and praziquantel for the treatment of kittens experimentally infected with Giardia species. J Feline Med Surg 2006, 8:7-13.
35. Lappin MR, Clark M, Scorza AV. Treatment of healthy Giardia spp. positive dogs with fenbendazole or nitazoxanide, in 2008 Scientific Proceedings, Proceedings of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine Forum. San Antonio, TX, 2008.
36. Miro G., Mateo M., Montoya A., et al. Survey of intestinal parasites in stray dogs in the Madrid area and comparison of the efficacy of three anthelmintics in naturally infected dogs. Parasitol Res 2007, 100:317-320.
37. Payne P.A., Ridley R.K., Dryden M.W., et al. Efficacy of a combination febantel-praziquantel-pyrantel product, with or without vaccination with a commercial Giardia vaccine, for treatment of dogs with naturally occurring giardiasis. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2002, 220:330-333.
38. Bowman D.D., Liotta J.L., Ulrich M., et al. Treatment of naturally occurring, asymptomatic Giardia sp. in dogs with Drontal Plus flavour tablets. Parasitol Res 2009, 105:S125-S134. (Suppl 1).
39. Giangaspero A., Traldi G., Paoletti B., et al. Efficacy of pyrantel embonate, febantel and praziquantel against Giardia species in naturally infected adult dogs. Vet Rec 2002, 150:184-186.
40. Montoya A., Dado D., Mateo M., et al. Efficacy of Drontal Flavour Plus (50 mg praziquantel, 144 mg pyrantel embonate, 150 mg febantel per tablet) against Giardia sp in naturally infected dogs. Parasitol Res 2008, 103:1141-1144.
41. Abbitt B., Huey R.L., Eugster A.K., et al. Treatment of giardiasis in adult Greyhounds, using ipronidazole-medicated water. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1986, 188:67-69.
42. Caylor K.B., Cassimatis M.K. Metronidazole neurotoxicosis in two cats. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2001, 37:258-262.
43. Rosado T.W., Specht A., Marks S.L. Neurotoxicosis in 4 cats receiving ronidazole. J Vet Intern Med 2007, 21:328-331.
44. Stokol T., Randolph J.F., Nachbar S., et al. Development of bone marrow toxicosis after albendazole administration in a dog and cat. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997, 210:1753-1756.
45. Chon S.K., Kim N.S. Evaluation of silymarin in the treatment on asymptomatic Giardia infections in dogs. Parasitol Res 2005, 97:445-451.
46. Simpson K.W., Rishniw M., Bellosa M., et al. Influence of Enterococcus faecium SF68 probiotic on giardiasis in dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2009, 23:476-481.
47. Olson M.E., Hannigan C.J., Gaviller P.F., et al. The use of a Giardia vaccine as an immunotherapeutic agent in dogs. Can Vet J 2001, 42:865-868.
48. Stein J.E., Radecki S.V., Lappin M.R. Efficacy of Giardia vaccination in the treatment of giardiasis in cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2003, 222:1548-1551.
49. Vasilopulos R.J., Rickard L.G., Mackin A.J., et al. Genotypic analysis of Giardia duodenalis in domestic cats. J Vet Intern Med 2007, 21:352-355.
50. Zygner W., Jaros D., Skowronska M., et al. [Prevalence of Giardia intestinalis in domestic dogs in Warsaw]. Wiad Parazytol 2006, 52:311-315.
51. Lalle M., Pozio E., Capelli G., et al. Genetic heterogeneity at the beta-giardin locus among human and animal isolates of Giardia duodenalis and identification of potentially zoonotic subgenotypes. Int J Parasitol 2005, 35:207-213.
52. Traub R.J., Monis P.T., Robertson I., et al. Epidemiological and molecular evidence supports the zoonotic transmission of Giardia among humans and dogs living in the same community. Parasitology 2004, 128:253-262.