The influence of climate on the first European settlement of Australia: A comparison of weather journals, documentary data and palaeoclimate records, 1788-1793

Environmental History

Volumn 15, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 485-507

  Gergis, Joëlle ^a   Garden, Don ^a   Fenby, Claire ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CLIMATE EFFECT; COMPARATIVE STUDY; DEMOGRAPHIC HISTORY; DROUGHT; HISTORICAL RECORD; HUMAN SETTLEMENT; LA NINA; METEOROLOGY; PALEOCLIMATE;

AUSTRALIA;

EID: 77957674116     PISSN: 10845453     EISSN: 19308892     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/envhis/emq079     Document Type: Article

References (79)

1. C. M. H. Clark, A History of Australia I: From the Earliest Times to the Age of Macquarie (Carlton: Melbourne University Press, 1974), 124.
2. Richard Grove, "Revolutionary Weather: The Climatic and Economic Crisis of 1788-1795 and the discovery of El Niño," in A Change in the Weather: Climate and Culture in Australia, ed. Tim Sherratt, Tom Griffiths and Libby Robin (Canberra: National Museum of Australia Press, 2005), 129;
3. Richard Grove, "Global Impact of the 1789-93 El Niño," Nature 393 (May 1998): 319.
4. W. S. Jevons, "Some Data Concerning the Climate of Australia and New Zealand," in Waugh's Australian Almanac for the year 1859 (Sydney: James W. Waugh, 1859), 47-98;
5. H. C. Russell, Climate of New South Wales: Descriptive, Historical, and Tabular (Sydney: Charles Potter, Acting Government Printer, 1877);
6. J. C. Foley, Droughts in Australia: Review of Records from Earliest Years of Settlement to 1955, Bulletin No. 43 (Melbourne: Bureau of Meteorology, 1957).
7. Neville Nicholls, "More on Early ENSOs: Evidence from Australian Documentary Sources," Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 69 (January 1988): 4-7;
8. Neville Nicholls, "The Centennial Drought," in Windows on Meteorology: Australian Perspective, ed.Eric K. Webb (Collingwood: CSIRO, 1997);
9. Don Garden, Droughts, Floods & Cyclones: El Niños that Shaped our Colonial Past (North Melbourne: Australian Scholarly Publishing, 2009).
10. Phil Jones, "Historical Climatology-A State of the Art Review," Weather 63 (July 2008): 181.
11. David Collins, An account of the English colony in New South Wales: from its first settlement in January 1788 to August 1801: With Remarks On The Dispositions, Customs, Manners, Etc. Of The Native Inhabitants Of That Country. To Which Are Added, Some Particulars Of New Zealand; Compiled, By Permission, From The Mss. Of Lieutenant-Governor King; And An Account Of The Voyage Performed By Captain Flinders And Mr. Bass., (London: A. Strahan for T. Cadell and W. Davies, 1804)
12. John Hunter, An historical journal of the transactions at Port Jackson and Norfolk Island: including the journals of Governors Phillip and King, since the publication of Phillip's voyage: with an abridged account of the new discoveries in the South Seas (London: J. Stockdale, 1793);
13. Arthur Phillip, The Voyage of Governor Phillip to Botany Bay: with an account of the establishment of the colonies of Port Jackson & Norfolk Island (Piccadilly: John Stockdale, 1790);
14. George Bouchet Worgan, Letter and journal, June 1788, C830, FM4/67, Mitchell Library, Sydney [hereafter ML];
15. George B. Worgan, Journal of a First Fleet Surgeon 1788 (Sydney: Library Council of New South Wales in association with the Library of Australian History, 1978);
16. Watkin Tench, Sydney's First Four Years, being a reprint of A Narrative of the Expedition to Botany Bay and A Complete Account of the Settlement at Port Jackson / by Captain Watkin Tench; with an Introduction and annotations by L.F. Fitzhardinge (1793; reprint, Sydney: Angus & Robertson in Association with the Royal Australian Historical Society, 1961).
17. J. Gergis, D. J. Karoly and R. J. Allan, "A Climate Reconstruction of Sydney Cove, New South Wales, Using Weather Journal and Documentary Data, 1788-1791," Australian Meteorology and Oceanographic Journal 58, (June 2009): 83-98.
18. William Bradley, AVoyage to New SouthWales, 1786-1792: The Journal of Lieutenant William Bradley RN of HMS Sirius (Sydney: Ure Smith Pty Limited, 1969), 378-94;
19. Robert J. McAfee, "Dawes' Meteorological Journal," in Bureau of Meteorology Historical Note No. 2 (Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service, 1981).
20. Grove, "Global Impact of the 1789-93 El Niño," 319;
21. Grove, "Revolutionary Weather," 134.
22. W. Quinn, V. Neal and S. Antunez de Mayolo, "El Niño Occurrences over the Past Four and a Half Centuries," Journal of Geophysical Research 92 (1987): 14,449-14,461;
23. L. Ortlieb, "The Documentary Historical Record of El Niño Events in Peru: An Update of the Quinn Record (Sixteenth through Nineteenth Centuries)," in El Niño and the Southern Oscillation: Variability, Global and Regional Impacts, ed. H. Diaz and V. Markgraf (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000): 207-95;
24. R. Dunbar, G. Wellington, M. Colgan and P. Glynn, "Eastern Pacific Sea Surface Temperature since 1600 AD: the d18O Record of Climate Variability in Galapagos Corals," Paleoceanography 9 (1994): 291-316.
25. J. Gergis & A. Fowler, "A History of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Events since A.D. 1525: Implications for Future Climate Change," Climatic Change 92 (February 2009): 343-87.
26. J. Lough, "Tropical River Flow and Rainfall Reconstructions from Coral Luminescence: Great Barrier Reef, Australia," Paleoceanography 22 (2007): DOI: 10.1029/2006PA001377. (Pubitemid 47323996)
27. McAfee, Dawes' Meteorological Journal.
28. Russell, Climate of New South Wales, 2.
29. McAfee, Dawes' Meteorological Journal.
30. J. Gergis, D. J. Karoly and R. J. Allan, "A Climate Reconstruction of Sydney Cove, New South Wales, Using Weather Journal and Documentary Data, 1788-1791," 83-98.
31. Bradley, A Voyage to New South Wales, 378-94.
32. See Gergis, Karoly and Allan, "A climate Reconstruction of Sydney Cove," for further discussion.
33. Gergis Karoly Allan A climate Reconstruction of Sydney Cove Ibid.
34. S. Torok and N. Nicholls, "A Historical Annual Temperature Dataset for Australia," Australian Meteorological Magazine 45 (December 1996): 251-60;
35. N. Nicholls, et al., "Historical Thermometer Exposures in Australia," International Journal of Climatology 16 (June 1996): 705-10.
36. Philip Gidley King, Private Journal, Volume 1, "Remarks & Journal kept on the Expedition to form a Colony in His Majestys Territory of New South Wales⋯is Majesty's Ship Sirius⋯, 24 October 1786-12 January 1789," MS Safe 1/16, ML, 84.
37. Hunter, An historical journal, 417.
38. Worgan, Journal of a First Fleet Surgeon 1788, 21.
39. Ralph Clark, ed. by Paul G. Fidlon and R. J. Ryan, The Journal and Letters of Lt. Ralph Clark, 1787-1792 (Sydney: Australian Documents Library in association with the Library of Australian History, 1981), 93.
40. Arthur Bowes Smyth, ed. Paul G. Fidlon and R. J. Ryan, The Journal of Arthur Bowes Smyth, Surgeon, Lady Penrhyn, 1787-1789 (Sydney: Australian Documents Library, 1979), 64.
41. See also Robert Barnes, An Unlikely Leader: The Life and Times of Captain John Hunter (Sydney: Sydney University Press, 2009).
42. Clark, The Journal and Letters of Lt. Ralph Clark, 94.
43. Bowes Smyth, The Journal of Arthur Bowes Smyth, 64.
44. George Bouchet Worgan, Letter and journal, June 1788, C830, FM4/67, ML.
45. Lieutenant Watts, "Lieutenant Watts's Narrative of the Return of the Lady Penryhn ransport; Containing an Account of the Death of Omai, and Other Interesting Particulars at Otaheiti," in Arthur Phillip, The Voyage of Governor Phillip to Botany Bay, 358.
46. George Bouchet Worgan, Letter and journal, June 1788, C830, FM4/67, ML.
47. Worgan G.B. Letter and Journal Ibid. 1788
48. Collins, An account of the English colony in New South Wales, 35.
49. Tench, Sydney's First Four Years, 262.
50. See Gergis, Karoly and Allan, "A Climate Reconstruction of Sydney Cove,, " figure 5.
51. Collins, An account of the English colony in New South Wales, 81.
52. Collins, An Account of the English Colony in New South Wales Ibid., 85-93.
53. Collins, An Account of the English Colony in New South Wales Ibid., 93.
54. Jevons, "Some Data Concerning the Climate of Australia and New Zealand," 61.
55. Russell, Climate of New South Wales, 164.
56. Foley, Droughts in Australia, 54.
57. Nicholls, "More on Early ENSOs," 4.
58. Tench, Sydney's First Four Years, 191-92.
59. Ibid., 221.
60. Ibid., 266.
61. Collins, An account of the English colony in New South Wales, 127-128.
62. Philip in Hunter, An historical journal of the transactions at Port Jackson and Norfolk Island, 507.
63. Hunter, An historical journal of the transactions at Port Jackson and Norfolk Island, 203.
64. Arthur Phillip to Colonial Secretary, 4 March 1791, in Governors' Despatches to and from England. Vol. 1, 1788-1796
65. Historical Records of Australia (Sydney: Commonwealth of Australia, 1914), 248.
66. Philip in Hunter, An historical journal of the transactions at Port Jackson and Norfolk Island, 525.
67. Ibid., 501.
68. Collins, An account of the English colony in New South Wales, 136.
69. Tench, Sydney's First Four Years, 239.
70. Collins, An account of the English colony in New South Wales, 154;
71. see also Nicholls, "More on Early ENSOs," 4.
72. See also Michael Cathcart, The Water Dreamers: The Remarkable History of Our Dry Continent (Melbourne: The Text Publishing Company, 2009), 28-29, for further discussion on the history of the Tank Stream.
73. Angus R. McGillivery, "Convict Settlers, Seamen's Greens, and Imperial Designs at Port Jackson: A Maritime Perspective of British Settler Agriculture," Agricultural History 78 (Summer 2004): 271.
74. Collins, An account of the English colony in New South Wales, 195
75. Ibid., 210
76. Ibid., 224.
77. Ibid., 386.
78. Ibid., 282
79. Phil Jones, "Historical Climatology," 181.