Race and ethnicity in fragile families

Future of Children

Volumn 20, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 113-131

  Hummer, Robert A ^a   Hamilton, Erin R ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACHIEVEMENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; BEHAVIOR DISORDER; BIRTH RATE; CHILD; CHILD WELFARE; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CULTURAL FACTOR; ETHNIC GROUP; ETHNOLOGY; FAMILY SIZE; FEMALE; HUMAN; INFANT; MALE; MIGRATION; NEWBORN; PREGNANCY; PRESCHOOL CHILD; RISK FACTOR; SINGLE PARENT; SOCIOECONOMICS; STATISTICS; UNITED STATES;

ACHIEVEMENT; ADULT; BIRTH RATE; CHILD; CHILD BEHAVIOR DISORDERS; CHILD WELFARE; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; CROSS-CULTURAL COMPARISON; EMIGRANTS AND IMMIGRANTS; ETHNIC GROUPS; FAMILY CHARACTERISTICS; FEMALE; HUMANS; INFANT; INFANT, NEWBORN; MALE; PREGNANCY; RISK FACTORS; SINGLE-PARENT FAMILY; SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS; UNITED STATES;

EID: 77957362842     PISSN: 10548289     EISSN: 15501558     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1353/foc.2010.0003     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Stephanie J. Ventura, "Changing Patterns of Nonmarital Childbearing in the United States," Data Brief 18 (Hyattsville, Md.: National Center for Health Statistics, 2009).
2. Joyce A. Martin and others, Births: Final Data for 2006, National Vital Statistics Report 48, no. 16. (Hyattsville, Md.: National Center for Health Statistics, 2009).
3. Sheela Kennedy and Larry Bumpass, "Cohabitation and Children's Living Arrangements: New Estimates from the United States," Demographic Research 19 (2008): 1663-92.
4. Pew Hispanic Center, From 200 Million to 300 Million: The Numbers behind Population Growth, Pew Research Center Fact Sheet, October 10, 2006 (www.pewhispanic.org/files/factsheets/25.pdf [June 25, 2009]).
5. Pew Hispanic Center, "From 200 Million to 300 Million" (see note 4). These data are also taken from the U.S. Census Bureau website,Table 1. United States-Race and Hispanic Origin: 1790 to 1990, Internet release date September 13, 2002 (www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0056/tab01.xls [Aug. 20, 2009]).
6. Pew Hispanic Center, U.S. Population Projections: 2005-2050, Pew Research Center Report, February 11, 2008 (www.pewhispanic.org/files/reports/85.pdf [June 25, 2009]).
7. Sara McLanahan and Christine Percheski, "Family Structure and the Reproduction of Inequalities," Annual Review of Sociology 34 (2008): 257-76.
8. Joyce A. Martin and others, Births: Final Data for 2000, National Vital Statistics Report 50, no. 5, (Hyattsville, Md.: National Center for Health Statistics, 2002).
9. Stephanie J. Ventura and Christine A. Bachrach, Nonmarital Childbearing in the United States, 1940-1999, National Vital Statistics Reports 48, no. 16 (Hyattsville, Md.: National Center for Health Statistics, 2000).
10. Rates are shown for black and white women only because greater racial and ethnic detail is not available in vital statistics data before the early 1990s. Following 1994, the rates and percentages are specifically for non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic black mothers. Hispanic rates and percentages are not presented in the figure for clarity of presentation.
11. See Ventura and Bachrach, Nonmarital Childbearing in the United States, 1940-1999 (see note 9).
12. Herbert L. Smith, S. Philip Morgan, and Tanya Koropecky-Cox, "A Decomposition of Trends in the Nonmarital Fertility Ratios of Blacks and Whites in the United States, 1960-1992," Demography 33, no. 2 (1996): 141-51.
13. These high fertility rates for Hispanics and Asian Americans also, in part, reflect the relatively young age structures of these two groups.
14. The work of Yolanda Padilla and colleagues, focusing particularly on the Mexican-origin population, was especially helpful in providing descriptive data from the Fragile Families study that we build upon here.
15. See, in particular: Yolanda C. Padilla and others, "The Living Conditions of U.S.-Born Children of Mexican Immigrants in Unmarried Families," Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences 28 (2006): 331-49.
16. See the following article for a description of the Fragile Families and Child Well-Being data set: Nancy E. Reichman and others, "Fragile Families: Sample and Design," Children and Youth Services Review 23 (2001): 303-26.
17. Sara McLanahan, for example, recently analyzed differences between unmarried and married families at the time of children's birth and summarized thatmarried and unmarried parents come from very different worlds.
18. See Sara McLanahan, "Fragile Families and the Reproduction of Poverty," Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 621 (2009): 111-131.
19. Kathryn Edin, Laura Tach, and Ronald Mincy, "Claiming Fatherhood: Race and the Dynamics of Paternal Involvement among Unmarried Men," Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 621 (2009): 149-177.
20. Erin R. Hamilton and others, "Health Insurance and Health-Care Utilization of U.S.-Born Mexican-American Children," Social Science Quarterly 87, no. 5 (2006): 1280-1294.
21. Melissa Radey and Karin L. Brewster, "The Influence of Race/Ethnicity on Disadvantaged Mothers' Child Care Arrangements," Early Childhood Research Quarterly 22 (2007): 379-393.
22. Frank Furstenberg, "If Moynihan Had Only Known: Race, Class, and Family Change in the Late Twentieth Century," Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 621 (2009): 94-110
23. Matthew D. Bramlett and William D. Mosher, Cohabitation, Marriage, Divorce, and Remarriage, United States Vital and Health Statistics 23, no. 22 (2002); McLanahan and Percheski,Family Structure and the Reproduction of Inequalities (see note 7).
24. S. Phillip Morgan and others, "Racial Differences in Household and Family Structure at the Turn of the Century," American Journal of Sociology 98, no. 4 (1993): 798-828.
25. Douglas S. Massey and Robert J. Sampson,Introduction: Moynihan Redux: Legacies and Lessons, Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 621 (2009): 6-27.
26. Linda M. Burton and M. Belinda Tucker, "Romantic Unions in an Era of Uncertainty: A Post-Moynihan Perspective on African American Women and Marriage, Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Research 621 (2009): 132-149.
27. Kathryn Edin and Maria J. Kefalas, Promises I Can Keep: Why Poor Women Put Motherhood before Marriage (University of California Press, 2005).
28. Andrew Cherlin and others, "Promises They Can Keep: Low-Income Women's Attitudes toward Motherhood, Marriage, and Divorce," Journal of Marriage and the Family 70 (2008): 919-933.
29. Kristen Harknett and Sara S. McLanahan, "Racial and Ethnic Differences in Marriage after the Birth of a Child," American Sociological Review 69 (2004): 790-811.
30. William Julius Wilson, The Truly Disadvantaged (University of Chicago Press, 1987).
31. Daniel T. Lichter and others, "Race and the Retreat from Marriage: A Shortage of Marriageable Men?" American Sociological Review 57 (1992): 781-799.
32. Harknett and McLanahan,Racial and Ethnic Differences in Marriage after the Birth of a Child (see note 27).
33. Harknett and McLanahan,Racial and Ethnic Differences in Marriage after the Birth of a Child (see note 27).
34. R. S. Oropesa, Daniel T. Lichter, and Robert N. Anderson, "Marriage Markets and the Paradox of Mexican American Nuptiality, Journal of Marriage and the Family 56 (1994): 889-907.
35. Nancy S. Landale and R. S. Oropesa,Hispanic Families: Stability and Change, Annual Review of Sociology 33 (2007): 381-405.
36. R. S. Oropesa, "Normative Beliefs about Marriage and Cohabitation: A Comparison of Non-Latino Whites, Mexican Americans, and Puerto Ricans," Journal of Marriage and the Family 58 (1996): 49-62.
37. See, for example, Frank D. Bean and others, "The New U.S. Immigrants; How Do They Affect Our Understanding of the African American Experience?" Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 621 (2009): 202-20.
38. Marta Tienda and Faith Mitchell, eds., Multiple Origins, Uncertain Destinies; Hispanics and the American Future (Washington: National Academies Press, 2006).See, in particular, pages 77-80 regarding concerns over the generational dilution of familism among Hispanic families.
39. See also R. Kelly Raley, T. Elizabeth Durden, and Elizabeth Wildsmith,Understanding Mexican-American Marriage Patterns Using a Life-Course Approach, Social Science Quarterly 85, no. 4 (2004): 872-890, for an empirical evaluation of the familism argument.
40. An exception is Cubans. The proportion of births to unmarried women is lower among U.S.-born Cubans than it is among immigrant Cubans. This likely reflects changing patterns of Cuban immigration to the United States from highly educated, upper-class immigrants in the first wave of immigration in the 1960s to, more recently, less-educated and low-skilled immigrants arriving after the Mariel Boat Lift in 1980. This case exemplifies why cross-generational comparisons are problematic for understanding processes of assimilation-cross-generational differences may reflect differences in the composition of immigrants arriving at different points in time, and in that case later generations are not an appropriate comparison point.
41. Arland Thornton and Linda Young-DeMarco, "Four Decades of Trends in Attitudes toward Family Issues in the United States: The 1960s through the 1990s," Journal of Marriage and the Family 63 (2001): 1009-1037.
42. Belinda M. Tucker and Angela D. James,New Families, New Functions: Postmodern African American Families in Context, in Emerging Issues in African American Life: Context, Adaptation, and Policy, edited by Vonnie C. McLoyd, Nancy E. Hill, and Kenneth A. Dodge (New York: Guilford, 2009), pp. 86-108.
43. Kelly Musick, "Planned and Unplanned Childbearing among Unmarried Women," Journal of Marriage and the Family 64 (2002): 915-29.
44. Pew Hispanic Center,From 200 Million to 300 Million (see note 4).