Direct democracy and individual interest group membership

Journal of Politics

Volumn 72, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 659-671

  Boehmke, Frederick J ^a   Bowen, Daniel C ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF IOWA   (United States)

^b The College of New Jersey   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 77957269734     PISSN: 00223816     EISSN: 14682508     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0022381610000083     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Benz, Matthias, and Alois Stutzer. 2004. Are Voters Better Informed When They Have a Larger Say in Politics? Evidence for the European Union and Switzerland. Public Choice 119 (1/2): 31-59. (Pubitemid 39080121)
2. Boehmke, Frederick J. 2002. The Effect of Direct Democracy on the Size and Diversity of State Interest Group Populations. The Journal of Politics 64 (3): 827-844
3. Boehmke, Frederick J. 2003. Using Auxiliary Data to Estimate Selection Bias Models, With an Application to Interest Groups Use of the Direct Initiative Process. Political Analysis 11 (3): 234-254
4. Boehmke, Frederick J. 2005a. The Indirect Effect of Direct Legislation: How Institutions Shape Interest Groups Systems. Columbus: The Ohio State University Press.
5. Boehmke, Frederick J. 2005b. Sources of Variation in the Frequency of Statewide Initiatives: The Role of Interest Group Populations. Political Research Quarterly 58 (4): 575-585
6. Boehmke, Frederick J. 2008. The Initiative Process and the Dynamics of State Interest Group Populations. State Politics and Policy Quarterly 8 (4): 362-383
7. Boehmke, Frederick J., and John W. Patty. 2007. The Selection of Policies for Ballot Initiatives: What Voters Can Learn from Legislative Inaction. Economics and Politics 19 (1): 97-121.
8. Bowler, Shaun, and Todd Donovan. 2002. Democracy, Institutions and Attitudes about Citizen Influence on Government. British Journal of Political Science 32: 371-390
9. Brace, Paul, Kellie Sims-Butler, Kevin Arceneaux, and Marton Johnson. 2002. Public Opinion in the American States: New Perspectives Using National Survey Data. American Journal of Political Science 46 (1): 173-189 (Pubitemid 33374094)
10. Cronin, Thomas E. 1989. Direct Democracy: The Politics of Initiative, Referendum and Recall. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
11. Davis, James A., Tom W. Smith, and Peter V. Marsden. 2005. GENERAL SOCIAL SURVEYS, 1972-2004 [CUMULATIVE FILE] [Computer file]. ICPSR04295-v2. Chicago, IL: National Opinion Research Center [producer]. Storrs, CT: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research, University of Connecticut/ Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributors], 2006-04-05.
12. Djupe, Paul A., and J. Tobin Grant. 2001. Religious Institutions and Political Participation in America. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 40 (2): 303-314
13. Dyck, Joshua J. 2009. Initiated Distrust: Direct Democracy and Trust in Government. American Politics Research 37 (4): 539-568
14. Dyck, Joshua J., and Nicholas Seabrook. 2010. Mobilized by Direct Democracy: Short-term versus Long-term Effects and the Geography of Turnout in Ballot Measure Elections. Social Science Quarterly 91 (1): 188-208.
15. Dyck, Joshua J., and Edward L. Lascher, Jr. 2009. Direct Democracy and Political Efficacy Reconsidered. Political Behavior 31 (3): 401-427
16. Ellis, Richard. 2002. Democratic Delusions: The Initiative Process in America. Lawrence: University of Kansas Press.
17. Erikson, Robert S., Gerald C. Wright, and John P. McIver. 1993. Statehouse Democracy: Public Opinion and Policy in the American States. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
18. Gelman, Andrew, and Jennifer Hill. 2007. Data Analysis Using Regression and Multilevel/Hierarchical Models. New York: Cambridge University Press.
19. Gerber, Elisabeth R. 1996. Legislative Response to the Threat of Popular Initiatives. American Journal of Political Science 40 (1): 99-128. (Pubitemid 126028740)
20. Gerber, Elisabeth R. 1999. The Populist Paradox: Interest Group Influence and the Promise of Direct Legislation. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
21. Gray, Virginia, and David Lowery. 1996. The Population Ecology of Interest Representation. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press.
22. Hero, Rodney E., and Caroline J. Tolbert. 1996. A Racial/Ethnic Diversity Interpretation of Politics and Policy in the States of the U.S. American Journal of Political Science 40 (3): 851-871 (Pubitemid 126114376)
23. Hill, Kim Quaile, and Jan E. Leighley. 1999. Racial Diversity, Voter Turnout, and Mobilizing Institutions in the United States. American Politics Research 27 (3): 275-295
24. Key, V. O., Jr. 1949. Southern Politics in State and Nation. New York: Random House.
25. King, Gary, Michael Tomz, and Jason Wittenberg. 2000. Making the Most of Statistical Analyses: Improving Interpretation and Presentation. American Journal of Political Science 44 (2): 347-361
26. Lacey, Robert. 2005. The Electoral Allure of Direct Democracy: The Effect of Initiative Salience on Voting, 1990-1996. State Politics and Policy Quarterly 5 (2): 168-181
27. Lascher, Edward L., Jr., Michael G. Hagen, and Steven A. Rochlin. 1996. Gun Behind the Door? Ballot Initiatives, State Policies and Public Opinion. The Journal of Politics 58 (3): 760-775 (Pubitemid 126114441)
28. Lieberson, Stanley. 1969. Measuring Population Diversity. American Sociological Review 34 (6): 850-862
29. Lowry, Robert C. 2005. Explaining the Variation in Organized Civil Society Across States and Time. The Journal of Politics 67 (2): 574-594
30. Magleby, David B. 1984. Direct Legislation: Voting On Ballot Propositions in the United States. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
31. Matsusaka, John G. 2004. For the Many or the Few: The Initiative Process, Public Policy, and American Democracy. Chicago: Chicago University Press.
32. McPherson, J. Miller, and Thomas Rotolo. 1996. Testing a Dynamic Model of Social Composition: Diversity and Change in Voluntary Groups. American Sociological Review 61 (2): 179-202. (Pubitemid 26410980)
33. Milbrath, Lester W. 1965. Political Participation: How and Why Do People Get Involved in Politics? Chicago: Rand McNally.
34. Park, Jerry Z., and Christian Smith. 2000. To Whom Much Has Been Given . . . : Religious Capital and Community Voluntarism Among Churchgoing Protestants. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 39 (3): 272-286
35. Patterson, Samuel C., and Gregory A. Caldeira. 1983. Getting Out the Vote: Participation in Gubernatorial Elections. American Political Science Review 77 (3): 675-689
36. Peterson, Steven A. 1992. Church Participation and Political Participation. American Politics Quarterly 20 (1):123-139
37. Putnam, Robert D. 2000. Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. New York: Simon and Schuster.
38. Rabe-Hesketh, Sophia, and Anders Skrondal. 2007. Multilevel and Longitudinal Modeling Using Stata, 2nd Edition. College Station, TX: Stata Press.
39. Raudenbush, Stephen W., and Anthony S. Bryk. 2002. Hierarchical Linear Models: Applications and Data Analysis Methods. 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications
40. Rosenstone, Steven J. and John Mark Hansen. 1993. Mobilization, Participation, and Democracy in America. New York: Macmillan.
41. Rothenberg, Lawrence S. 1992. Linking Citizens to Government: Interest Group Politics at Common Cause. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.
42. Schlozman, Kay Lehman, Nancy Burns, Sidney Verba, and Jesse Donohue. 1995. Gender and Citizen Participation: Is There a Different Voice? American Journal of Political Science 39 (2): 267-286
43. Schlozman, Daniel, and Ian Yohai. 2008. How Initiatives Dont Always Make Citizens: Ballot Initiatives in the American States, 1978-2004. Political Behavior 30 (4): 469-489
44. Smith, Daniel A., and Caroline J. Tolbert. 2004. Educated by Initiative: The Effects of Direct Democracy on Citizens and Political Organizations in the American States. Ann Arbor; University of Michigan Press.
45. Smith, Mark A. 2001. The Contingent Effects of Ballot Initiatives and Candidate Races on Turnout. American Journal of Political Science 45 (3): 700-706. (Pubitemid 33297469)
46. Strate, John M., Charles J. Parrish, Charles D. Elder, and Coit Ford, III. 1989. Life Span Civic Development and Voting Participation. The American Political Science Review 83 (2): 443-464
47. Tolbert, Caroline, and Daniel A. Smith. 2005. The Educative Effects of Ballot Initiatives on Voter Turnout. American Politics Research 33 (2): 283-309.
48. Tolbert, Caroline, John Grummel, and Daniel A. Smith. 2001. The Effects of Ballot Initiatives on Voter Turnout in the United States. American Politics Research 29 (6): 625-648 (Pubitemid 33351762)
49. Tolbert, Caroline J., Ramona McNeal, and Daniel A. Smith. 2003. Enhancing Civic Engagement: The Effect of Direct Democracy on Political Participation and Knowledge. State Politics and Policy Quarterly 3 (1): 23-41.
50. Tomz, Michael, Jason Wittenberg, and Gary King. 2003. CLARIFY: Software for Interpreting and Presenting Statistical Results. Version 2.1. Stanford University, University of Wisconsin, and Harvard University. January 5. Available at http://gking.harvard.edu/.
51. Truman, David B. 1951. The Governmental Process: Political Interests and Public Opinion. New York: Knopf.
52. Verba, Sidney, Kay Lehman Schlozman, and Henry E. Brady. 1995. Voice and Equality: Civic Voluntarism in American Politics. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
53. Verba, Sidney, Kay Lehman Schlozman, Henry Brady, and Norman Nie. 1993. Citizen Activity: Who Participates? What Do They Say? American Political Science Review 87 (2): 303-318
54. Walker, Jack L., Jr. 1991. Mobilizing Interest Groups in America: Patrons, Professionals and Social Movements. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
55. Wilson, John. 2000. Volunteering. Annual Review of Sociology 26: 215-240
56. Wilson, John, and Thomas Janoski. 1995. The Contribution of Religion to Volunteer Work. Sociology of Religion 56 (2): 137-152
57. Wuthnow, Robert. 1998. Loose Connections: Joining Together in Americas Fragmented Communities. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
58. Zelinsky, Wilbur. 1961. An Approach to the Religious Geography of the United States: Patterns of Church Membership in 1952. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 51 (2): 139-193