"Whether the giants should be slain or persuaded to be good": Revisiting the hutchins commission and the role of media in a democratic society

Critical Studies in Media Communication

Volumn 27, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 391-411

  Pickard, Victor ^a  

^a NEW YORK UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Hutchins commission; Journalismistory; Media policy; Media reform; Normative theory

Indexed keywords

EID: 77957242770     PISSN: 15295036     EISSN: 14795809     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/15295030903583523     Document Type: Article

References (67)

1. Altschull, H. (1984). Agents of power: The role of the news media in human affairs. New York, NY: Longman.
2. Amar, A. (1998). The Bill of Rights: Creation and reconstruction. New Haven, CT.: Yale University.
3. ASNE. (1947). Problems of journalism: Proceedings of the American Society of Newspaper Editors. Washington, D.C.: The Society.
4. Baker, C. E. (2002). Media, markets and democracy. New York, N.Y.: Cambridge University Press.
5. Baker, C. E. (2007). Media concentration and democracy. Why Ownership matters. New York, N.Y.: Cambridge University Press.
6. Barron, J. (1967). Access to the press*A new First Amendment right. Harvard Law Review, 80, 1641-1678.
7. Bates, S. (1995). Realigning journalism with democracy: The Hutchins Commission, its times, and ours. Washington, DC: The Annenberg Washington Program in Communications Policy Studies of Northwestern University.
8. Baughman, J. L. (1992). The republic of mass culture: Journalism, filmmaking, and broadcasting in America since 1941. Baltimore, MA.: John Hopkins.
9. Bennett, L., Lawrence, R., & Livingston, S. (2007). When the press fails: Political power and the news media from Iraq to Katrina. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
10. Blanchard, M. (1977). The Hutchins Commission, the press and the responsibility concept. Journalism Monographs, 49, 1-59.
11. Blanchard, M. (1978). Press criticism and national reform movements: The progressive era and the new deal. Journalism History, 5(2), 33-37, 54-55.
12. Bryant, H. (1969). A free and responsible press: A three-year inquiry: An intellectual history of the Hutchins Commission study of the American press, 1943-1946. M.A. thesis, University of Washington.
13. Chafee, Z. (n.d.). Comment to chapter IV. Box 8, File 1.Hutchins Papers, University of Chicago Library.
14. Chandler, H. (2006, November 12). Advice for a troubled Times. Los Angeles Times. Last retrieved on 9th June 2010 from http://articles.latimes.com/2006/nov/12/opinion/op-chandler12
15. Clark, J. (2010, November 6). Letter to Hutchins. Box 8 File 2. Hutchins Papers, University of Chicago Library.
16. Collier, R., & Collier, D. (1991). Shaping the political arena: Critical junctures, the labor movement, and regime dynamics in Latin America. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
17. Davies, D. (2006). The postwar decline of American newspapers, 1945-1965. Westport, CT: Praeger.
18. Ernst, M. L. (1946). The first freedom ("First printing" ed.). New York, NY: Macmillan.
19. Fackler, M. (1982). The Hutchins commissioners and the crisis in democratic theory, 1930-1947, Ph. D. Dissertation, University of Illinois.
20. Fones-Wolf, E. (2006). Waves of opposition: Labor and the struggle for democratic radio. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
21. Gary, B. (1999). The nervous liberals: Propaganda anxieties from World War I to the Cold War. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.
22. Gitlin, T. (December, 2006). Times out of joint. American Prospect, pp. 51-53.
23. Glassner, T. (1999). The idea of public journalism. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
24. Gramsci, A. (1971). Selections from the prison notebooks. New York, NY: International Publishers.
25. Hall, S. (1988). The hard road to renewal: Thatcherism and the crisis of the left. London: Verso.
26. Hocking, W. (1945). University of Washington archives, Document 66, 51, July 11, Folder 4-1, Box 4.
27. Hughes, F. (1947, March 27). A free press (Hitler style) sought for U.S. Chicago Tribune, p. 36.
28. Hughes, F. (1948, November 14). Name angels of moves to curb press. Chicago Tribune, p. 1.
29. Hughes, F. (1950). Prejudice and the press: A restatement of the principle of freedom of the press with specific reference to the Hutchins-Luce Commission. New York: The Devin-Adair Company.
30. Klinenberg, E. (2006). Fighting for air: The battle to control America's media. New York, NY: Henry Holt.
31. Kumar, D. (2006). Media, culture and society: The relevance of Marx's dialectical method. In L. Artz, S. Macek, & D. Cloud (Eds.), Marxism and communication studies: The point is to change it (pp. 71-86). New York, NY: Peter Lang.
32. Leab, D. (1970). Response to the Hutchins Commission. International Communication Gazette, 16, 105-113.
33. Leigh, R. (1947). Free and responsible press. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
34. Lewis, C. (2007, September 18). The nonprofit road to journalism. Columbia Journalism Review, 46(3), 32-36.
35. MacLeish, A. (1946, August 5). Letter to Hutchins. Box 8, Folder 2. Hutchins Papers, University of Chicago Library.
36. Mantrala, M., Naik, P., Sridhar, S., & Thorson, E. (2007). Uphill and downhill: Locating your firm on a profit function. Journal of Marketing, 71, 26-44.
37. Marzolf, M. (1991). Civilizing voices: American press criticism, 1880-1950. New York, NY: Longman.
38. McChesney, R. W. (2004). The problem of the media: U.S. communication politics in the twenty-first century. New York, NY: Monthly Review Press.
39. McChesney, R.W. (2007). Communication revolution: Critical junctures and the future of media. New York, NY: New Press.
40. McChesney, R. W., & Scott, B. (2004). Our unfree press: 100 years of radical media criticism. New York, NY: The New Press.
41. McIntyre, J. (1979). The Hutchins Commission's search for a moral framework. Journalism History, 6(2), 54-57, 63.
42. McIntyre, J. (1987). Repositioning a landmark: The Hutchins Commission and freedom of the press. Critical Studies in Mass Communication, 4, 136-160.
43. Meiklejohn, A. (1948). Free speech and its relation to self-government. New York, NY: Harper Brothers Publishers.
44. Merriam, C. (1944). University of Washington Archives, Doc. 11, Box 2, Folder 11.
45. Mill, J. S. (1999). On liberty. Peterborough, Ont: Broadview Press.
46. Milton, J. (1999). Areopagitica, and other political writings of John Milton. Indianapolis: Liberty Fund.
47. Morton, J. (2008, April 9). Enough is enough. American Journalism Review. Accessed at http://www.ajr.org/Article.asp?id=4509
48. Nerone, J. (1995). Last rights: Revisiting four theories of the press. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
49. Niebuhr, R. (1945, May 11). Document No. 49 general propositions deduced from the investigation of the Freedom of the Press Commission. Box 7, Folder 8, Robert Hutchins Papers, University of Chicago Library.
50. Overholser, G. (2006). On behalf of journalism: A manifesto for change. Annenberg Policy Center.
51. Paper Cuts. (2010). Last retrieved on 9 June 2010 from http://graphicdesignr.net/papercuts/
52. Pickard, V. (2007). Neoliberal visions and revisions in global communications policy from NWICO to WSIS. Journal of Communication Inquiry, 31(2), 118-139.
53. Pickard, V. (2008). Media democracy deferred: The postwar settlement for U.S. communications, 1945-49. PhD dissertation, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.
54. Pickard, V. (2010a). Can public policy save the news? The uncertain history and future of public service journalism. International Communications Association. Singapore, June 22-26.
55. Pickard, V. (2010b). Forever laying low the 'shibboleth of freedom of the press': The 1940s newspaper crisis and the struggle to restructure the fourth Estate. International Communications Association. Singapore, June 22-26.
56. Pickard, V. (2010c). Reopening the postwar settlement for U.S. media: The origins and implications of the social contract between media, the state, and the polity. Communication Culture & Critique, 3(2), 170-189.
57. Pickard, V. (In Press). The Battle over the FCC Blue Book: Determining the role of broadcast media in a democratic society, 1945-1949. Media, Culture & Society.
58. Plambeck, J. (2010, April 26). Newspaper circulation falls nearly 9%. New York Times, Last retrieved on 9th June 2010 from http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/27/business/media/27audit.html
59. Redfield, R. (1946a, November 25) Letter to Hutchins. Box 8, Folder 2. Hutchins Papers, University of Chicago Library.
60. Redfield, R. (1946b, August 20) Letter to Hutchins. Box 8, Folder 2. Hutchins Papers, University of Chicago Library.
61. Schell, O. (2004, May 12). Presentation at "Can Freedom of the press survive media onsolidation?" Urbana: University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.
62. Scott, B. (2007). A broad, positive view of the First Amendment. In M. Cooper (Ed.), The case against media consolidation (pp. 39-62). New York: McGannon Center for Communications Research.
63. Siebert, F., Schramm, W., & Peterson, T. (1956). Four theories of the press: The authoritarian, libertarian, social responsibility and soviet communist concepts of what the press should be and do. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
64. Smythe, D., & Guback, T. (1994). Counterclockwise: Perspectives on communication. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
65. Thelen, K. (1999). Historical institutionalism in comparative politics. Annual Review of Political Science, 2, 369-404.
66. Tsukamoto, S. (2006). Social responsibility theory and the study of journalism ethics in Japan. Journal of Mass Media Ethics, 21(1), 55-69.
67. Walker, J. (1947, March 29). Press fails to meet needs of society. Editor & Publisher, p. 7.