Will China change the rules of global order?

Washington Quarterly

Volumn 33, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 119-138

  Chin, Gregory ^a   Thakur, Ramesh ^b  

^a YORK UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 77957156914     PISSN: 0163660X     EISSN: 15309177     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/0163660X.2010.516145     Document Type: Article

References (65)

1. See Edward Newman, Ramesh Thakur, and John Tirman, eds., Multilateralism under Challenge? Power, International Order, and Structural Change (Tokyo: UN University Press, 2006).
2. See Se Sung Won Kim, David P. Fidler, and Sumit Ganguly, "Eastphalia Rising? Asian Influence and the Fate of Human Security," World Policy Journal 26, no.2 (Summer 2009): 53-64.
3. See Lai-Ha Chan and Gerald Chan, "Rethinking Global Governance: A China Model in the Making?" Contemporary Politics 14, no. 1 (March 2008): 3-19
4. Barry Naughton, "China's Distinctive System: Can It be a Model for Others?" Journal of Contemporary China 19, no. 65 (2010): 437-460.
5. See Deepak Nayyar, "Developing Countries in the World Economy: The Future in the Past?" WIDER Annual Lecture 12 (Helsinki: UN University World Institute for Development Economics Research, 2009), p. 41, http://www.wider.unu.edu/publica tions/annual-lectures/en_GB/AL12/.
6. See Wang Yong, "Domestic Demand and Continuing Reform: China's Search for a New Model," Global Asia 3, no.4 (Winter 2008): 23-28.
7. Wu Qimin, "Notes: China Held a Top Diplomatic Envoys Meeting, President Hu Emphasized Promoting Economic and Political Power and Building Moral Image," People's Daily, July 20, 2009 (in Chinese). We thank Chris Buckly for bringing this speech to our attention.
8. See Pang Zhongying, "Zhongguo zai guoji tixi zhong de diwei yu zuoyong" [China's Status and Role in the International System], Xiandai guoji guanxi [Modern International Relations], no.4 (2006): 17-22.
9. The views of Huang Ping are cited in You Nuo, Fu Jing, and Wang Bo, "China Should Play Greater Role in G-20, Expert Says," China Daily, March 19, 2009, http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/bizchina/2009-03/ 19/content_7594063.htm.
10. Wang Zaibang, "International Situation 2008: Historic Transformations Highlight Urgent Need for Systemic Readjustments," Contemporary International Relations 19, no.2 (March-April 2009): 65-66.
11. See "National Security Strategy," May 2010, http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/rss_viewer/national_security_strategy.pdf.
12. See Stefan Halper, The Beijing Consensus: How China's Authoritarian Model Will Dominate the Twenty-first Century (New York: Basic Books, 2010).
13. The term "Beijing Consensus" first came to prominence in Joshua Ramo Cooper, "Beijing Consensus," May 2004, http://fpc.org.uk/fsblob/244.pdf.
14. Also, for a Chinese perspective, see Zhongying Pang, "China's Soft Power Dilemma: The Beijing Consensus Revisited," in Mingjiang Li, ed., Soft Power: China's Emerging Strategy in International Politics (Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2009), pp. 125-142.
15. Huang Ping (one of China's leading sociologists), presentation at a conference on "Beijing Consensus, China Model or What?" that was organized by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Institute for Comparative Politics and Economics of the Central Translation, Official Documents Bureau of the Chinese Communist Party, and Tianjin Normal University in Tianjin, September 2005.
16. Quoted in Yoichi Funabashi, "Interview with Wang Jisi: For China, Stability Inside and Outside Key for Future Prosperity," Asahi Shinbum, June12, 2010.
17. For a detailed discussion see Gregory Chin, China's Automotive Modernization: The Party-State and Multinational Corporations (Basingtoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010), pp. 22-47 and 230-231.
18. A current hot political controversy in India concerns the huge disparity in accountability to the host government and peoples between British Petroleum for the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010, in which 11 people were killed, and Union Carbide for the Bhopal gas tragedy in 1984, in which 15,000 people were killed.
19. See Deborah Brautigam, The Dragon's Gift: The Real Story of China in Africa (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009), pp.145-148.
20. Such transfer of Chinese public financial lessons reached public attention at the annual meeting of the African Development Bank in Shanghai on May 16-17, 2007, which was hosted by the Chinese government, and chaired by Chinese central bank governor Zhou Xiaochuan. See "China Prepares for Upcoming ADB Meeting in Shanghai," People's Daily, May 14, 2007, http://english.people.com.cn/200705/14/eng20070514_37 4232.html.
21. John Whalley, et al., "China and the Financial Crisis," 2010, p. 11, http://www.cigionline.org/sites/default/files/Task_Force_2.pdf.
22. Discussions with leading representatives of the State Export-Import Bank of China, Beijing, February 2007.
23. See Margaret M. Pearson, "The Major Multilateral Economic Institutions Engage China," in A.I. Johnston and Robert S. Ross, eds., Engaging China: The Management of an Emerging Power (New York: Routledge, 1999), pp. 207-234
24. Alastair Iain Johnston, "Is China a Status Quo Power?" International Security 27, no. 4 (Spring 2003): 5-56.
25. See Nicholas Lardy, Integrating China into the World Economy (Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 2002).
26. For examples of the pessimistic initial predictions see Sylvia Ostry, "China and the WTO: The Transparency Issue," UCLA Journal of International Law and Foreign Affairs 3, no.1 (Spring/Summer 1998): 1-22
27. Pitman Potter, "China and the International Legal System: Challenges of Participation," China Quarterly 191 (1997): 699-715.
28. For how China has implemented many of its WTO accession obligations and operating within WTO rules see Margaret Pearson, "China in Geneva: Lessons from China's Early Years in the World Trade Organization," in Alastair Iain Johnston and Robert Ross, eds., New Directions in the Study of China's Foreign Policy (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2006), pp. 242-275
29. Scott Kennedy, "China's Porous Protectionism: The Changing Political Economy of Trade Policy," Political Science Quarterly 120, no.3 (March 2005): 407-432.
30. See Gregory Chin and Richard Stubbs, "China, Regional Institution-Building and the China-ASEAN Free Trade Area" (forthcoming in Review of International Political Economy, 2011).
31. See Hu Jintao, speech, opening ceremony, Beijing Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation, November 4, 2006, http://english.focacsummit.org/2006-11/04/ content_4978.htm.
32. International monitors have found that large amounts of the additional G-7 aid was often used to facilitate the privatization of public services to businesses from the donor countries.
33. See Richard Lapper, "China Deepens Links with S. Africa," Financial Times, May 13, 2010.
34. Jian-Ye Wang, "What Drives China's Growing Role in Africa," IMF Working Paper, no. 07/211, August 2007, p.11.
35. See Gregory Chin, "Remaking the Architecture: The Emerging Powers, Self-Insuring and Regional Insulation," International Affairs 86, no. 3 (May 2010): 693-715.
36. Zhou Xiaochuan, "Reform the International Monetary System" (speech, Beijing, March 23, 2009), http://www.pbc.gov.cn/english/detail.asp?col 6500&id 178.
37. "From across the globe-Khalid Malik on China's unprecedented capacities to tackle poverty, development partnerships and the financial crisis," UN Development Programme: Capacity Building in Europe and CIS, Web site, April 14, 2009, http:// europeandcis.undp.org/cd/show/5428589E-F203-1EE9-BB06D9BC5D5E2F56.
38. See UN Development Programme, "Forging a Global South," December 19, 2004, http://www.undp.org.cn/downloads/ssc/forgingaglobalsouth.pdf.
39. See "China Police to Keep Haiti Peace," BBC News, September 29, 2004, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/3701142.stm.
40. See Colum Lynch, "In Surprise Move, China Withdraws Riot Police from Haiti," Foreign Policy, March 25, 2010, http://turtlebay.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2010/03/25/in_surprise_move_china_withdraws_riot_police_from_haiti.
41. We thank Khalid Malik for highlighting these examples.
42. Gregory Chin, as a Canadian government official, conducted extensive research from June-November 2006 on China's adaptation to the UN Conventions on Civil and Political Rights, Against Corruption, and Social and Economic Rights, including numerous interviews with Chinese and international legal scholars, and Chinese officials in the relevant state institutions.
43. See Cao Li, "China Mulls to Cut Down Executions," China Daily, July 24, 2010, http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2010-07/24/content_11044407.htm.
44. See Ramesh Thakur and Thomas G. Weiss, "R2P: From Idea to Norm and Action?" Global Responsibility to Protect 1, no. 1 (January-March 2009): 22-53.
45. Ramesh Thakur was an ICISS Commissioner and the 2001 comments are drawn from his own notes. See Ramesh Thakur, The Responsibility to Protect: Norms, Laws and the Use of Force in International Politics (London: Routledge, forthcoming).
46. "Full text of China's position paper on UN reforms," Xinua News Agency, June 7, 2005, http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2005-06/08/content_3056817_3.htm.
47. Quoted in Sarah Teitt, "Assessing Polemics, Principles and Practices: China and the Responsibility to Protect," Global Responsibility to Protect 1, no. 2 (April 2009): 216.
48. China started providing foreign assistance to Africa in the late 1950s and to Latin
49. America in the 1960s.
50. See Deborah Brautigam, The Dragon's Gift: The Real Story of China in Africa (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009), pp. 132-135.
51. See Gregory Chin, "China's Rising Institutional Influence," in Alan S. Alexandroff and Andrew F. Cooper, Rising States, Rising Institutions: Challenges for Global Governance (Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 2010), pp. 83-104.
52. Geoffrey Garrett, "G-2 in G-20: China, the United States and the World after the Global Financial Crisis," Global Policy 1, no. 1 (January 2010): 29.
53. "Quadrennial Defense Review Report," February 2010, p. 60, http://www.defense.gov/qdr/images/QDR_as_of_12Feb10_1000.pdf.
54. International Crisis Group, "The Iran Nuclear Issue: The View from Beijing," Asia Briefing, no. 100, February 17, 2010.
55. See Ramesh Thakur, "Sanctions: A Triumph of Hope Eternal over Experience Unlimited," Global Dialogue 2, no. 3, Summer 2000, pp. 129-141.
56. Merle David Kellerhals, Jr., "U.S., China Share Concern Over Iranian Nuclear Program," America.gov, April 13, 2010, http://www.america.gov/st/peacesec-english/2010/April/20100413123029dmslahrellek0.7025873.html.
57. See Huang Ping, Tao Wenzhao, Wang Rongjun, Yuan Zheng, and Zhao Xingshu, "China-U.S. Relations, Tending Towards Maturity," The International Spectator 44, no.2 (June 2009): 9-16.
58. Yuan Peng's views are cited in Mo Hong, "China, U.S. to Build Cooperative Relations," China Daily, May 26, 2010, http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/video/2010-05/26/ c_13316112.htm.
59. See Chris Giles and Alan Beattie, "China Reprimanded by G-20 Leaders," Financial Times, March 30, 2010.
60. See Alan Wheatley, "An Appetite that Changes the World," International Herald Tribune, April 27, 2010, p. 22.
61. In a scenario of stable global growth, the interests of the other rising states become more mixed, and building hedging options may actually be the preferred strategy.
62. See John Pomfret, "China's Strident Tone Raises Concerns Among Western Governments, Analysts," Washington Post, January 31, 2010, http://www.washington post.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/01/30/AR2010013002443.html
63. Geoff Dyer, "The Dragon Stirs," Financial Times, September 25, 2009
64. David Shambaugh, "The Year China Showed Its Claws," Financial Times, February 17, 2010.
65. See Neil MacFarquhar, "6 Major Powers Move Closer to Considering More Iran Sanctions," New York Times, January 16, 2010, http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/17/world/middleeast/17nations.html.