Wireless multimedia sensor networks: Current trends and future directions

Sensors

Volumn 10, Issue 7, 2010, Pages 6662-6717

  Almalkawi, Islam T ^a   Zapata, Manel Guerrero ^a   al Karaki, Jamal N ^b   Morillo Pozo, Julian ^a  

^a UNIVERSITAT POLITÈCNICA DE CATALUNYA   (Spain)

^b HASHEMITE UNIVERSITY   (Jordan)

Author keywords

Multimedia delivery; Survey; Wireless multimedia sensor networks; Wireless sensor networks

Indexed keywords

ALGORITHMS AND PROTOCOLS; DISTRIBUTED SIGNAL PROCESSING; MULTI-MEDIA SOURCES; MULTIMEDIA CONTENTS; MULTIMEDIA DELIVERY; PROPOSED ARCHITECTURES; WIRELESS MULTIMEDIA SENSOR NETWORK; WIRELESS MULTIMEDIA SENSOR NETWORK (WMSNS);

CMOS INTEGRATED CIRCUITS; NETWORK ARCHITECTURE; RESEARCH; SIGNAL PROCESSING; SURVEYING;

WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS;

ARTICLE; INSTRUMENTATION; RADIOFREQUENCY RADIATION; TELEMETRY;

RADIO WAVES; TELEMETRY;

EID: 77957126868     PISSN: 14248220     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3390/s100706662     Document Type: Article

References (116)

1. Akyildiz, I.F.; Su, W.; Sankarasubramaniam, Y.; Cayirci, E. Wireless sensor networks: a survey. Comput. Netw. 2002, 38, 393-422.
2. Min, R.; Bhardwaj, M.; Cho, S.H.; shih, E.; Sinha, A.; Wang, A.; Chandrakasan, A.; Sinha, E.S.A. Low-Power Wireless Sensor Networks. In Proceedings of 14th International Conference on VLSI Design (VLSI Design 2001), Bangalore, India, 3-7 January 2001; pp. 205-210.
3. Al-karaki, J.N.; Kamal, A.E. Routing Techniques in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey. IEEE Wireless Commun. 2004, 11, 6-28.
4. Akkaya, K.; Younis, M. A survey on routing protocols for wireless sensor networks. Ad Hoc. Netw. 2005, 3, 325-349.
5. Salhieh, A.; Schwiebert, L. Power Aware Metrics for Wireless Sensor Networks. In the 14th IASTED Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing and Systems (PDCS 2002) Symposium, Boston, MA, USA, November 2002; pp. 326-331.
6. Akyildiz, I.F.; Melodia, T.; Chowdhury, K.R. A survey on wireless multimedia sensor networks. Comput. Netw. 2007, 51, 921-960.
7. Cucchiara, R. Multimedia surveillance systems. In Proceedings of the Third ACM International Workshop on Video Surveillance & Sensor Networks, VSSN'05, ACM: New York, NY, USA, 17-20 April 2005; pp. 3-10.
8. Prati, A.; Vezzani, R.; Benini, L.; Farella, E.; Zappi, P. An integrated multi-modal sensor network for video surveillance. In Proceedings of the third ACM international workshop on Video surveillance & sensor networks, VSSN'05, ACM: New York, NY, USA, 2005; pp. 95-102.
9. Kim, H.; Rahimi, M.; Lee, D.U.; Estrin, D.; Villasenor, J. Energy-aware high resolution image acquisition via heterogeneous image sensors. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Signal Process 2008, 2, 526-537.
10. Lopes, C.E.; Linhares, F.D.; Santos, M.M.; Ruiz, L.B. A Multi-tier, Multimodal Wireless Sensor Network for Environmental Monitoring. In Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Ubiquitous Intelligence and Computing, UIC'07, Springer-Verlag: Berlin Heidelberg, Germany, 2007; pp. 589-598.
11. Tseng, Y.C.; Wang, Y.C.; Cheng, K.Y.; Hsieh, Y.Y. iMouse: An Integrated Mobile Surveillance and Wireless Sensor System. Computer, IEEE Comput. Soc. 2007, 40, 60-66.
12. Wong, K.D. Physical layer considerations for wireless sensor networks. In Proceedings of Networking, Sensing and Control, 2004 IEEE International Conference, Taipei, Taiwan, March 21-23 2004; Volume 2, pp. 1201-1206.
13. IEEE 802.15 wpan task group 4 (tg4). Available online: http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/802/15/pub/TG4.html (accessed on 15 May 2010).
14. Capo-Chichi, E.; Friedt, J.M. Design of embedded sensor platform for multimedia application. In Proceedings of First International Conference on Distributed Framework and Applications, DFmA 2008, Penang, Malaysia, October 21-22 2008; pp. 146-150.
15. Kerhet, A.; Mango, M.; Leonardi, F.; Boni, A.; Benini, L. A Low-Power Wireless Video Sensor Node for Distributed Object Detection. In J. Real-Time Image Process. 2007, 2, 331-342.
16. Karapistoli, E.; Gragopoulos, I.; Tsetsinas, I.; Pavlidou, F.N. UWB Technology to Enhance the Performance of Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks. In Proceedings of 12th IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications, ISCC 2007, Aveiro, Portugal, July 1-4 2007; pp. 57-62.
17. Akyildiz, I.; Melodia, T.; Chowdury, K. Wireless multimedia sensor networks: A survey. IEEE Wirel. Commun. 2007, 14, 32-39.
18. Kredo, II.K.; Mohapatra, P. Medium access control in wireless sensor networks. Comput. Netw. 2007, 51, 961-994.
19. Li, C.; Wang, P.; Chen, H.H.; Guizani, M. A. Cluster Based On-demand Multi-Channel MAC Protocol for Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks. In Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Communications, 2008. ICC'08, Beijing, China, May 2008; pp. 2371-2376.
20. Ye, W.; Heidemann, J.; Estrin, D. Medium access control with coordinated, adaptive sleeping for wireless sensor networks. IEEE/ACM Trans. Netw. 2004, 12, 493-506.
21. Dam, T.V.; Langendoen, K. An adaptive energy-efficient MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems, SenSys'03, Los Angeles, CA, USA, ACM: New York, NY, USA, 2003; pp. 2371-2376.
22. Saxena, N.; Roy, A.; Shin, J. A QoS-Based Energy-Aware MAC Protocol forWireless Multimedia Sensor Networks. In Proceedings of Vehicular Technology Conference, VTC Spring 2008. IEEE, Singapore, May 11-14 2008; pp. 183-187.
23. Saxena, N.; Roy, A.; Shin, J. Dynamic duty cycle and adaptive contention window based QoS-MAC protocol for wireless multimedia sensor networks. Comput. Netw. 2008, 52, 2532-2542.
24. Melodia, T.; Akyildiz, I. Cross-Layer Quality of Service Support for UWB Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks. In Proceedings of The 27th Conference on Computer Communications, IEEE INFOCOM 2008, Phoenix, AZ, USA, April 13-18 2008; pp. 2038-2046.
25. Polastre, J.; Hill, J.; Culler, D. Versatile low power media access for wireless sensor networks. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems, SenSys '04, ACM Press: New York, NY, USA, 2004; pp. 95-107.
26. So, J.; Vaidya, N.H. Multi-channel mac for ad hoc networks: handling multi-channel hidden terminals using a single transceiver. In Proceedings of the 5th ACM International Symposium on Mobile ad hoc Networking and Computing, MobiHoc'04, ACM: New York, NY, USA, 2004; pp. 222-233.
27. Zhou, G.; Huang, C.; Yan, T.; He, T.; Stankovic, J.A.; Abdelzaher, T.F. MMSN: Multi-Frequency Media Access Control for Wireless Sensor Networks. In Proceedings of 25th IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications,INFOCOM 2006, Barcelona, Spain, April 23-29 2006; pp. 1-13.
28. Yaghmaee, M.; Adjeroh, D. A Model for Differentiated Service Support in Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks. In Proceedings of 17th International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks, 2008, ICCCN'08, Virgin Islands, USA, August 3-7 2008; pp. 1-6.
29. Aghdasi, H.; Abbaspour, M.; Moghadam, M. An Energy-Efficient and High-Quality MAC Protocol for Image Transmission in Wireless Sensor Networks. In 4th IEEE International Conference on Circuits and Systems for Communications, ICCSC 2008, Shanghai, China, 2008; pp. 838-842.
30. Phan, K.T.; Rongfei Fan; Hai Jiang; Vorobyov, S.A.; Tellambura, C. Network Lifetime Maximization With Node Admission in Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks. IEEE Trans. Vehicular Technol. 2009, 58, 3640-3646.
31. Sarisaray, P.; Gur, G.; Baydere, S.; Harmanc, E. Performance Comparison of Error Compensation Techniques with Multipath Transmission inWireless Multimedia Sensor Networks. In 15th International Symposium on Modeling, Analysis, and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems, MASCOTS'07, Istanbul, Turkey, October 24-26 2007; pp. 73-86.
32. Sun, Y.; Ma, H.; Liu, L.; Zheng, Y. ASAR: An ant-based service-aware routing algorithm for multimedia sensor networks. In Frontiers of Electrical and Electronic Engineering in China 2008, 3, 25-33.
33. Shu, L.; Zhang, Y.; Yang, L.;Wang, Y.; Hauswirth, M. Geographic Routing inWireless Multimedia Sensor Networks. In Proceedings of Second International Conference on Future Generation Communication and Networking, FGCN'08, Hainan Island, China, December 13-15 2008, Volume 1, pp. 68-73.
34. Karp, B.; Kung, H.T. GPSR: greedy perimeter stateless routing for wireless networks. In Proceedings of the 6th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking, MobiCom'00, ACM: New York, NY, USA, 2000; pp. 243-254.
35. Gerla, M.; Xu, K. Multimedia streaming in large-scale sensor networks with mobile swarms. SIGMOD Rec. 2003, 32, 72-76.
36. Maimour, M. Maximally radio-disjoint multipath routing for wireless multimedia sensor networks. In Proceedings of the 4th ACM Workshop on Wireless Multimedia Networking and Performance Modeling, WMuNep'08, ACM: New York, NY, USA, 2008; pp. 26-31.
37. Li, S.; Neelisetti, R.; Liu, C.; Lim, A. Delay-constrained high throughput protocol for multi-path transmission over wireless multimedia sensor networks. In International Symposium on a World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks, WoWMoM 2008, Newport Beach, CA, USA, 23-26 June 2008; pp. 1-8.
38. Hamid, M.; Alam, M.; Hong, C.S. Design of a QoS-Aware Routing Mechanism for Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks. In Global Telecommunications Conference, IEEE GLOBECOM 2008. IEEE, New Orleans, LA, USA, November 30 2008; pp. 1-6.
39. Akkaya, K.; Younis, M. Energy and QoS Aware Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks. Cluster Comput. 2005, 8, 179-188.
40. Rahman, M.; GhasemAghaei, R.; El Saddik, A.; Gueaieb, W. M-IAR: Biologically Inspired Routing Protocol for Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks. In Proceedings Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference, IMTC 2008 IEEE, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, October 12-15 2008; pp. 1823-1827.
41. Zongwu, K.; Layuan, L.; Qiang, S.; Nianshen, C. Ant-Like Game Routing Algorithm for Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks. In Preceedings of 4th International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing, WiCOM'08, Wuhan, China, 2008; pp. 1-4.
42. Darabi, S.; Yazdani, N.; Fatemi, O. Multimedia-aware MMSPEED: A routing solution for video transmission in WMSN. In 2nd International Symposium on Advanced Networks and Telecommunication Systems, ANTS'08, 2008; pp. 1-3.
43. Felemban, E.; Lee, C.G.; Ekici, E. MMSPEED: multipath Multi-SPEED protocol for QoS guarantee of reliability and. Timeliness in wireless sensor networks. IEEE Trans. Mob. Comput. 2006, 5, 738-754.
44. He, T.; Stankovic, J.; Abdelzaher, T.; Lu, C. A spatiotemporal communication protocol for wireless sensor networks. IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst. 2005, 16, 995-1006.
45. Saxena, N.; Roy, A.; Shin, J. QuESt: a QoS-based energy efficient sensor routing protocol. Wirel. Commun. Mob. Comput. 2009, 9, 417-426.
46. Ma, C.; Yang, Y. Battery Aware routing for streaming data transmissions in Wireless Sensor Networks. In Mob. Netw. Appl. 2006, 11, 757-767.
47. Shu, L.; Zhou, Z.; Hauswirth, M.; Phuoc, D.L.; Peng, Y.; Zhang, L. Transmitting Streaming Data in Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks with Holes. In Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia, MUM'07, Oulu, Finland, ACM, New York, NY, USA, 2007; pp. 24-33.
48. Campelli, L.; Akyildiz, I.; Fratta, L.; Cesana, M. A Cross-Layer Solution for Ultrawideband Based Wireless Video Sensor Networks. In Proceedings of Global Telecommunications Conference, IEEE GLOBECOM 2008, New Orleans, LA, USA, November 30 2008; pp. 1-6.
49. Wang, C.; Sohraby, K.; Li, B.; Daneshmand, M.; Hu, Y. A survey of transport protocols for wireless sensor networks. IEEE Netw. 2006, 20, 34-40.
50. Yaghmaee, M.; Adjeroh, D. A new priority based congestion control protocol for Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks. In Proceedings of International Symposium on a World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks, WoWMoM 2008, Newport Beach, CA, USA, June 23-26 2008, pp. 1-8.
51. Maimour, M.; Pham, C.; Amelot, J. Load repartition for congestion control in multimedia wireless sensor networks with multipath routing. In Proceedings of 3rd International Symposium on Wireless Pervasive Computing, ISWPC 2008, October 2008; pp. 11-15.
52. Wan, C.Y.; Eisenman, S.B.; Campbell, A.T. CODA: congestion detection and avoidance in sensor networks. In Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems, SenSys'03, ACM: New York, NY, USA, 2003; pp. 266-279.
53. Ee, C.T.; Bajcsy, R. Congestion control and fairness for many-to-one routing in sensor networks. In Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems, SenSys'04, ACM: New York, NY, USA, 2004; pp. 148-161.
54. Wang, C.; Sohraby, K.; Lawrence, V.; Li, B.; Hu, Y. Priority-based congestion control in wireless sensor networks. In IEEE International Conference on Sensor Networks, Ubiquitous, and Trustworthy Computing, 2006, IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, USA, 2006; Volume 1, pp. 1-8.
55. Hull, B.; Jamieson, K.; Balakrishnan, H. Mitigating congestion in wireless sensor networks. In Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems, SenSys'04, ACM: New York, NY, USA, 2004; pp. 134-147.
56. Iyer, Y.; Gandham, S.; Venkatesan, S. STCP: a generic transport layer protocol for wireless sensor networks. In Proceedings 14th International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks, ICCCN 2005, San Diego, CA, USA, October 2005; pp. 449-454.
57. Stann, F.; Heidemann, J. RMST: reliable data transport in sensor networks. In Proceedings of the First IEEE. 2003 IEEE International Workshop on Sensor Network Protocols and Applications, Anchorage, AK, USA, April 2003; pp. 102-112.
58. Boukerche, A.; Feng, J.; Werner, R.; Du, Y.; Huang, Y. Reconstructing the Plenoptic function from wireless multimedia sensor networks. In Proceedings of 33rd IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks, LCN 2008, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, October 14-17 2008; pp. 74-81.
59. Yan, Y.; Chen, G.; Das, S. A Collaboration-based Storage Management Scheme in Multimedia Sensor Networks. In Proceedings of IEEE/IFIP International Conference on Embedded and Ubiquitous Computing, EUC'08, Shanghai, China, December 17-20 2008; Vol. 1, pp. 288-294.
60. Dimokas, N.; Katsaros, D.; Manolopoulos, Y. Cooperative caching in wireless multimedia sensor networks. Mob. Netw. Appl. 2008, 13, 337-356.
61. Lecuire, V.; Duran Faundez, C.; Krommenacker, N. Energy-efficient image transmission in sensor networks. Int. J. Sen. Netw. 2008, 4, 37-47.
62. Qaisar, S.; Radha, H. Multipath multi-stream distributed reliable video delivery inWireless Sensor Networks. In Proceedings of 43rd Annual Conference on Information Sciences and Systems, CISS 2009, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA, 2009; pp. 207-212.
63. Boukerche, A.; Du, Y.; Feng, J.; Pazzi, R. A reliable synchronous transport protocol for wireless image sensor networks. In Proceedings of IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications, ISCC 2008, Marrakech, Morocco, July 6-9 2008; pp. 1083-1089.
64. Akan, O. Performance of Transport Protocols for Multimedia Communications inWireless Sensor Networks. IEEE Commun. Lett. 2007, 11, 826-828.
65. Radha, H.; Van der Schaar, M.; Chen, Y. The MPEG-4 fine-grained scalable video coding method for multimedia streaming over IP. IEEE Trans. Multimedia 2001, 3, 53-68.
66. Wang, W.; Peng, D.; Wang, H.; Sharif, H.; Chen, H.H. Energy-Constrained Distortion Reduction Optimization for Wavelet-Based Coded Image Transmission in Wireless Sensor Networks. IEEE Trans. Multimedia 2008, 10, 1169-1180.
67. Puri, R.; Majumdar, A.; Ishwar, P.; Ramchandran, K. Distributed video coding in wireless sensor networks. IEEE Signal Process. Mag. 2006, 23, 94-106.
68. Ahmad, J.; Khan, H.; Khayam, S. Energy efficient video compression for wireless sensor networks. In Proceedings of 43rd Annual Conference on Information Sciences and Systems, CISS 2009, March 2009; pp. 629-634.
69. Wang, Y.; Reibman, A.; Lin, S. Multiple Description Coding for Video Delivery. Proc. IEEE Inst. Electr. Electron. Eng. 2005, 93, 57-70.
70. Girod, B.; Aaron, A.; Rane, S.; Rebollo-Monedero, D. Distributed Video Coding. Proc. IEEE Inst. Electr. Electron. Eng. 2005, 93, 71-83.
71. Aaron, A.; Rane, S.; Setton, E.; Girod, B. Transform-domain Wyner-Ziv codec for video. In Proceedings of SPIE Visual Communications and Image Processing, San Jose, CA, USA, January 2004; pp. 520-528.
72. Puri, R.; Ramchandran, K. PRISM: A new robust video coding architecture based on distributed compression principles. In Allerton Conference on Communication, Control, and Computing, Allerton, IL, USA, October 2002.
73. Yaacoub, C.; Farah, J.; Pesquet-Popescu, B. Joint Source-Channel Wyner-Ziv Coding in Wireless Video Sensor Networks. In Proceedings of 2007 IEEE International Symposium on Signal Processing and Information Technology, Cairo, Egypt, December 15-18 2007; pp. 225-228.
74. Halloush, R.; Misra, K.; Radha, H. Practical distributed video coding over visual sensors. In Proceedings of the 27th conference on Picture Coding Symposium, PCS'09, IEEE Press: Piscataway, NJ, USA, 2009, pp. 121-124.
75. Culurciello, E.; Park, J.H.; Savvides, A. Address-Event Video Streaming over Wireless Sensor Networks. In Proceedings of IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, ISCAS 2007, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, May 27-20 2007; pp. 849-852.
76. Chew, L.W.; Ang, L.M.; Seng, K.P. Survey of image compression algorithms in wireless sensor networks. In Proceedings of International Symposium on Information Technology, ITSim 2008, August 2008; Vol. 4, pp. 1-9.
77. Nath, S.; Ke, Y.; Gibbons, P.B.; Karp, B.; Seshan, S. A distributed filtering architecture for multimedia sensors. Technical report IRP-TR-04-16, In First Workshop on Broadband Advanced Sensor Networks, BaseNets, August 2004.
78. Wang, S.; Wang, X.; Ding, L.; Bi, D.; You, Z. Collaborative hybrid classifier learning with ant colony optimization in wireless multimedia sensor networks. In Proceedings of 7th World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation, WCICA 2008, Chongqing, China, June 2008; pp. 3341-3346.
79. Wang, H.; Peng, D.; Wang, W.; Sharif, H.; Wegiel, J.; Nguyen, D.; Bowne, R.; Backhaus, C. Artificial Immune System based image pattern recognition in energy efficientWireless Multimedia Sensor Networks. In Military Communications Conference, MILCOM 2008. IEEE, 2008, pp. 1-7.
80. Wang, X.; Wang, S.; Bi, D. Compacted Probabilistic Visual Target Classification With Committee Decision in Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks. IEEE Sens. J. 2009, 9, 346-353.
81. Chen, M.; Leung, V.; Mao, S.; Li, M. Cross-Layer and Path Priority Scheduling Based Real-Time Video Communications over Wireless Sensor Networks. In Vehicular Technology Conference, VTC Spring 2008. IEEE, Marina Bay, Singapore, May 11-14 2008; pp. 2873-2877.
82. Shu, L.; Zhang, Y.; Yu, Z.; Yang, L.T.; Hauswirth, M.; Xiong, N. Context-aware cross-layer optimized video streaming in wireless multimedia sensor networks. In Springer J. Supercomput.(JoS). 2009, DOI: 10.1007/s11227-009-0321-6
83. Shu, L.; Hauswirth, M.; Zhang, Y.; Ma, J.; Min, G. Cross Layer Optimization on Data Gathering in Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks within Expected Network Lifetime. In Springer J. Univers. ComputL SciL (JUCS) 2009.
84. Sexena, R.N.; Roy, A.; Shin, J. Cross-layer algorithms for QoS enhancement in wireless multimedia sensor networks. In IEICE Trans. Commun. 2008, E91-B, 2716-2719.
85. Tezcan, N.; Wang, W. Self-Orienting Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks for Maximizing Multimedia Coverage. In Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Communications, ICC'08, Beijing, China, May 19-23 2008; pp. 2206-2210.
86. Liu, X.; Kulkarni, P.; Shenoy, P.; Ganesan, D. Snapshot: A Self-Calibration Protocol for Camera Sensor Networks. In 3rd International Conference on Broadband Communications, Networks and Systems, BROADNETS 2006, CA, USA, 2006; pp. 1-10.
87. Alaei, M.; Barcelo-Ordinas, J.M. A cluster-based scheduling for object detection in wireless multimedia sensor networks. In Proceedings of the 5th ACM symposium on QoS and security for wireless and mobile networks, Q2SWinet'09, ACM: New York, NY, USA, 2009; pp. 50-56.
88. Wang, H.; Peng, D.; Wang, W.; Sharif, H.; Chen, H.H. Energy-Aware Adaptive Watermarking for Real-Time Image Delivery in Wireless Sensor Networks. In Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Communications, 2008. ICC'08, Beijing, China, May 19-23 2008; pp. 1479-1483.
89. Kundur, D.; Okorafor, U.N.; Luh, W. HoLiSTiC: Heterogeneous Lightweight Sensornets for Trusted Visual Computing. In Proceedings of International Conference on Intelligent Information Hiding and Multimedia Signal Processing, 2006. IIH-MSP'06, Pasadena, CA, USA, December 18-20 2006; pp. 267-270.
90. Kundur, D.; Zourntos, T.; Mathai, N. Lightweight security principles for distributed multimedia based sensor networks. In Conference Record of the Thirty-Eighth Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers 2004, Pacific Grove, California, USA, 2004; Vol. 1, pp. 368-372.
91. Akyildiz, I.; Melodia, T.; Chowdhury, K. Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks: Applications and Testbeds. Proc. IEEE Inst. Electr. Electron. Eng. 2008, 96, 1588-1605.
92. Wireless sensor Platform, W.S.N. MICA-family Wireless Mote Platform Specifications. Available online: http://www.xbow.com/Products/productdetails.aspx?sid=156 (accessed on 24 May 2010).
93. Mangharam, R.; Rowe, A.; Rajkumar, R. FireFly: a cross-layer platform for real-time embedded wireless networks. Real-Time Syst. 2007, 37, 183-231.
94. Wireless sensor Platform, W.S.N. TmoteSky Platform Specifications. Available online: http://www.sentilla.com/moteiv-transition.html (accessed on May 23 2010).
95. Chen, P.; Ahammad, P.; Boyer, C.; Huang, S.I.; Lin, L.; Lobaton, E.; Meingast, M.; Oh, S.; Wang, S.; Yan, P.; Yang, A.; Yeo, C.; Chang, L.C.; Tygar, J.; Sastry, S. CITRIC: A low-bandwidth wireless camera network platform. In Proceedings of Second ACM/IEEE International Conference on Distributed Smart Cameras, ICDSC 2008, September 2008; pp. 1-10.
96. Carnegie Mellon University. CMUcam3 integration with Tmote Sky sensor node. Available online: http://www.cmucam.org (accessed on May 25 2010).
97. Wireless sensor Platform, W.S.N. Crossbow Stargate Platform. http://www.xbow.com/Products/productdetails.aspx?sid=85 (accessed on May 25 2010).
98. Kulkarni, P.; Ganesan, D.; Shenoy, P.; Lu, Q. SensEye: a multi-tier camera sensor network. In Proceedings of the 13th annual ACM international conference on Multimedia, MULTIMEDIA'05. ACM: New York, NY, USA, 2005; pp. 229-238.
99. Boice, J.; Lu, X.; Margi, C.; Stanek, G.; Zhang, G.; Obraczka, K. Meerkats: A power-aware, self-managing wireless camera network for wide area monitoring. In Distributed Smart Cameras Workshop - SenSys06, Boulder, CA, USA, 2006.
100. Feng, W.C.; Kaiser, E.; Feng, W.C.; Baillif, M.L. Panoptes: scalable low-power video sensor networking technologies. ACM Trans. Multimedia Comput. Commun. Appl. 2005, 1, 151-167.
101. wireless sensor platform, C. Intel mote2 platform. Available online: http://www.xbow.com/products (accessed on April 30 2010).
102. Teixeira, T.; Culurciello, E.; Park, J.; Lymberopoulos, D.; Barton-Sweeney, A.; Savvides, A. Address-event imagers for sensor networks: evaluation and modeling. In Proceedings of The Fifth International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks, IPSN 2006, Nashville, TN, USA, April 2006; pp. 458-466.
103. Xie, D.; Yan, T.; Ganesan, D.; Hanson, A. Design and Implementation of a Dual-CameraWireless Sensor Network for Object Retrieval. In Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks, IPSN'08, IEEE Computer Society: Washington, DC, USA, 2008; pp. 469-480.
104. Downes, I.; Rad, L.B.; Aghajan, H. Development of a Mote for Wireless Image Sensor Networks. In Proceedings of Cognitive Systems and Interactive Sensors, COGIS, Paris, France, March 2006.
105. Park, C.; Chou, P.H. ECAM: ultra compact, high data-rate wireless sensor node with a miniature camera. In Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems, SenSys'06, ACM: New York, NY, USA, 2006; pp. 359-360.
106. Rahimi, M.; Baer, R.; Iroezi, O.I.; Garcia, J.C.; Warrior, J.; Estrin, D.; Srivastava, M. Cyclops: in situ image sensing and interpretation in wireless sensor networks. In Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems, SenSys'05, San Diego, CA, USA, November 2005; pp. 192-204.
107. Rowe, A.; Goel, D.; Rajkumar, R. FireFly Mosaic: A Vision-Enabled Wireless Sensor Networking System. In Proceedings of 28th IEEE International Real-Time Systems Symposium, RTSS 2007, Tucson, AZ, USA, December 2007; pp. 459-468.
108. Kleihorst, R.; Abbo, A.; Schueler, B.; Danilin, A. Camera mote with a high-performance parallel processor for real-time frame-based video processing. In Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance, AVSS 2007, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK, 5-7 September 2007; pp. 69-74.
109. Lymberopoulos, D.; Savvides, A. XYZ: a motion-enabled, power aware sensor node platform for distributed sensor network applications. In Proceedings of Fourth International Symposium on Information Processing in Sensor Networks, IPSN 2005, Los Angeles, CA, USA, April 2005; pp. 449-454.
110. Hengstler, S.; Prashanth, D.; Fong, S.; Aghajan, H. MeshEye: A Hybrid-Resolution Smart Camera Mote for Applications in Distributed Intelligent Surveillance. In Proceedings of 6th International Symposium on Information Processing in Sensor Networks, IPSN 2007, Cambridge, MA, USA, 2007; pp. 360-369.
111. Kurkowski, S.; Camp, T.; Colagrosso, M. Manet simulation studies: The incredibles. ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Comput. Commun. Rev. 2005, 9, 50-61.
112. Hengstler, S.; Aghajan, H. WiSNAP: a wireless image sensor network application platform. In Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Testbeds and Research Infrastructures for the Development of Networks and Communities, TRIDENTCOM 2006, Barcelona, Spain, 1-3 March 2006; pp. 6-12.
113. Margi, C.; Petkov, V.; Obraczka, K.; Manduchi, R. Characterizing energy consumption in a visual sensor network testbed. In Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Testbeds and Research Infrastructures for the Development of Networks and Communities, TRIDENTCOM 2006, Barcelona, Spain, March 2006.
114. Johnson, D.; Stack, T.; Fish, R.; Flickinger, D.M.; Stoller, L.; Ricci, R.; Lepreau, J. Mobile Emulab: A Robotic Wireless and Sensor Network Testbed. In Proceedings 25th IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications, INFOCOM 2006, Barcelona, Spain, April 23-29 2006; pp. 1-12.
115. Dahlberg, T.A.; Nasipuri, A.; Taylor, C. Explorebots: a mobile network experimentation testbed. In Proceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on Experimental Approaches to Wireless Network Design and Analysis, E-WIND'05, ACM: New York, NY, USA, 2005; pp. 76-81.
116. Campbell, J.; Gibbons, P.B.; Nath, S.; Pillai, P.; Seshan, S.; Sukthankar, R. IrisNet: an internet-scale architecture for multimedia sensors. In Proceedings of the 13th annual ACM international conference on Multimedia, MULTIMEDIA'05, ACM: New York, NY, USA, 2005; pp. 81-88.