Spinal cord monitoring during descending aortic procedures

Handbook of Clinical Neurophysiology

Volumn 8, Issue C, 2008, Pages 815-828

  MacDonald, David B ^a   Dong, Charles C J ^b  

^a KING FAISAL SPECIALIST HOSPITAL AND RESEARCH CENTER   (Saudi Arabia)

^b VANCOUVER GENERAL HOSPITAL   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 77957070642     PISSN: 15674231     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1016/S1567-4231(07)08060-4     Document Type: Review

References (80)

1. Bafort C., Astarci P., Goffette P., El Khoury G., Guérit J.M., De Tourtchaninoff M., and Verhelst R. Predicting spinal cord ischemia before endovascular thoracoabdominal aneurysm repair: monitoring somatosensory evoked potentials. J. Endovasc. Ther. 9 (2002) 289-294
2. Berlit P., Klötzsch G., Röther J., Assmus H.P., Daffertshofer M., and Schwartz A. Spinal cord infarction: MRI and MEP findings in three cases. J. Spinal Disord. 5 (1992) 212-216
3. Cheshire W.P., Santos C.C., Massey E.W., and Howard Jr. J.F. Spinal cord infarction: etiology and outcome. Neurology 47 (1996) 321-330
4. Cheung A.T., Weiss S.J., McGarvey M.L., Stecker M.M., Hogan M.S., Escherich A., and Bavaria J.E. Interventions for reversing delayed-onset postoperative paraplegia after thoracic aortic reconstruction. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 74 (2002) 413-419
5. Cheung A.T., Pochettino A., McGarvey M.L., Appoo J.J., Fairman R.M., Carpenter J.P., Moser W.G., Woo E.Y., and Bavaria J.E. Strategies to manage paraplegia risk after endovascular stent repair of descending thoracic aortic aneurysms. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 80 (2005) 1280-1288
6. Connolly J.E. Hume Memorial lecture. Prevention of spinal cord complications in aortic surgery. Am. J. Surg. 176 (1998) 92-101
7. Crawford E.S., Crawford J.L., Safi H.J., Coselli J.S., Hess K.R., Brooks B., Norton H.J., and Glaeser D.H. Thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms: preoperative and intraoperative factors determining immediate and long-term results of operations in 605 patients. J. Vasc. Surg. 3 (1986) 389-404
8. Crawford E.S., Mizrahi E.M., Hess K.R., Coselli J.S., Safi H.J., and Patel V.M. The impact of distal aortic perfusion and somatosensory evoked potential monitoring on prevention of paraplegia after aortic aneurysm operation. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 95 (1988) 357-367
9. Cunningham Jr. J.N., Laschinger J.C., Merkin H.A., Nathan I.M., Colvin S., Ransohoff J., and Spencer F.C. Measurement of spinal cord ischemia during operations upon the thoracic aorta: initial clinical experience. Ann. Surg. 196 (1982) 285-296
10. Cunningham Jr. J.N., Laschinger J.C., and Spencer F.C. Monitoring of somatosensory evoked potentials during surgical procedures on the thoracoabdominal aorta. IV. Clinical observations and results. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 94 (1987) 275-285
11. Dasmahapatra H.K., Coles J.G., Taylor M.J., Cass D., Couper G., Adler S., Burrows F., Sherret H., Trusler G.A., and Williams W.G. Identification of risk factors for spinal cord ischemia by the use of monitoring of somatosensory evoked potentials during coarctation repair. Circulation 76 3 Pt 2 (1987) III14-III18
12. De Haan P., and Kalkman C.J. Spinal cord monitoring: somatosensory- and motor-evoked potentials. Anesthesiol. Clin. North America 19 (2001) 923-945
13. De Haan P., Kalkman C.J., Ubags L.H., Jacobs M.J., and Drummond J.C. A comparison of the sensitivity of epidural and myogenic transcranial motor-evoked responses in the detection of acute spinal cord ischemia in the rabbit. Anesth. Analg. 83 (1996) 1022-1027
14. De Haan P., Kalkman C.J., De Mol B.A., Ubags L.H., Veldman D.J., and Jacobs M.J. Efficacy of transcranial motor-evoked myogenic potentials to detect spinal cord ischemia during operations for thoracoabdominal aneurysms. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 113 (1997) 87-100
15. Dong C.C., MacDonald D.B., and Janusz M.T. Intraoperative spinal cord monitoring during descending thoracic and thoracoabdominal aneurysm surgery. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 74 (2002) S1873-S1876
16. Dudra J., Shiiya N., Matsui Y., Sakuma M., Ishii K., Asada M., and Yasuda K. Operative results of thoracoabdominal repair for chronic type B aortic dissection. J. Cardiovasc. Surg. (Torino) 38 (1997) 147-151
17. Duggal N., and Lach B. Selective vulnerability of the lumbosacral spinal cord after cardiac arrest and hypotension. Stroke 33 (2002) 116-121
18. Elmore J.R., Gloviczki P., Harper C.M., Pairolero P.C., Murray M.J., Bourchier R.G., Bower T.C., and Daube J.R. Failure of motor evoked potentials to predict neurologic outcome in experimental thoracic aortic occlusion. J. Vasc. Surg. 14 (1991) 131-139
19. Faberowski L.W., Black S., Trankina M.F., Pollard R.J., Clark R.K., and Mahla M.E. Somatosensory-evoked potentials during aortic coarctation repair. J. Cardiothorac. Vasc. Anesth. 13 (1999) 538-543
20. Fava E., Bortolani E.M., Ducati A., and Ruberti U. Evaluation of spinal cord function by means of lower limb somatosensory evoked potentials in reparative aortic surgery. J. Cardiovasc. Surg. (Torino) 29 (1988) 421-427
21. Galla J.D., Ergin M.A., Lansman S.L., McCullough J.N., Nguyen K.H., Spielvogel D., Klein J.J., and Griepp R.B. Use of somatosensory evoked potentials for thoracic and thoracoabdominal aortic resections. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 67 (1999) 1947-1952
22. Gallitto G., La Spina P., Granata F., Quartarone A., Savica R., and Musolino R. Spinal gray matter infarction after aortic surgery: a case of persistent pure flaccid paraplegia. Cerebrovasc. Dis. 19 (2005) 345-347
23. Gonzalez-Fajardo J.A., Toledano M., Alvarez T., and Vaquero C. Monitoring of evoked potentials during spinal cord ischaemia: experimental evaluation in a rabbit model. Eur. J. Vasc. Endovasc. Surg. 16 (1998) 320-328
24. Grabitz K., Sandmann W., Stuhmeier K., Mainzer B., Godehardt E., Ohle B., and Hartwich U. The risk of ischemic spinal cord injury in patients undergoing graft replacement for thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms. J. Vasc. Surg. 23 (1996) 230-240
25. Griepp R.B., Ergin M.A., Galla J.D., Lansman S., Khan N., Quintana C., McCollough J., and Bodian C. Looking for the artery of Adamkiewicz: a quest to minimize paraplegia after operations for aneurysms of the descending thoracic and thoracoabdominal aorta. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 112 (1996) 1202-1213
26. Grubbs Jr. P.E., Marini C., Toporoff B., Nathan I., Basu S., Acinapura A.J., and Cunningham Jr. J.N. Somatosensory evoked potentials and spinal cord perfusion pressure are significant predictors of postoperative neurologic dysfunction. Surgery 104 (1988) 216-223
27. Guérit J.M., and Dion R.A. State-of-the-art of neuromonitoring for prevention of immediate and delayed paraplegia in thoracic and thoracoabdominal aorta surgery. Ann. Thorac. Surg 74 (2002) S1867-S1869
28. Guérit J.M., Verhelst R., Rubay J., Khoury G., Matta A., and Dion R. Multilevel somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) for spinal cord monitoring in descending thoracic and thoraco-abdominal aortic surgery. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg. 10 (1996) 93-103
29. Guérit J.M., Witdoeckt C., Rubay J., Matta A., and Dion R. The usefulness of the spinal and subcortical components of the posterior tibial nerve SEPs for spinal cord monitoring during aortic coarctation repair. Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. 104 (1997) 115-121
30. Guérit J.M., Witdoeckt C., Verhelst R., Matta A.J., Jacquet L.M., and Dion R.A. Sensitivity, specificity, and surgical impact of somatosensory evoked potentials in descending aorta surgery. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 67 (1999) 1943-1946
31. Hamaya H. Study on prevention of paraplegia during occlusion blockade of the thoracic aorta-examination of the evoked potential in the motor nerve induced by stimulation of the motor area of cerebral cortex. Nippon Kyobu Geka Gakkai Zasshi 41 (1993) 1347-1356
32. Ihaya A., Morioka K., Noguchi H., Kimura T., Nishii H., Hiramatsu Y., Chiba Y., and Muraoka R. A case report of descending thoracic aortic aneurysm associated with anterior spinal artery syndrome despite no marked ESP changes. Kyobu Geka 43 (1990) 843-846
33. Isselbacher E.M. Thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysms. Circulation 111 (2005) 816-828
34. Jacobs M.J., and Mess W.H. The role of evoked potential monitoring in operative management of type I and type II thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms. Semin. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 15 (2003) 353-364
35. Jacobs M.J., De Mol B.A., Elenbaas T., Mess W.H., Kalkman C.J., Schurink G.W., and Mochtar B. Spinal cord blood supply in patients with thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms. J. Vasc. Surg. 35 (2002) 30-37
36. Jacobs M.J., Elenbaas T.W., Schurink G.W., Mess W.H., and Mochtar B. Assessment of spinal cord integrity during thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Ann. Thorac. Surg 74 (2002) S1864-S1866
37. Kai Y., Owen J.H., Allen B.T., Dobras M., and Davis C. Relationship between evoked potentials and clinical status in spinal cord ischemia. Spine 19 (1994) 1162-1167
38. Kakinohana M., Kawabata T., Miyata Y., and Sugahara K. Myogenic transcranial motor evoked potentials monitoring cannot always predict neurologic outcome after spinal cord ischemia in rats. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 129 (2005) 46-52
39. Kalita J., Srivastava A.K., Mittal P., Sharma V.P., and Misra U.K. Evoked potential changes in ischaemic myelopathy. Electromyogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. 43 (2003) 211-215
40. Kaplan B.J., Friedman W.A., Alexander J.A., and Hampson S.R. Somatosensory evoked potential monitoring of spinal cord ischemia during aortic operations. Neurosurgery 19 1 (1986) 82-90
41. Koizumi N., Obitsu Y., Koide K., Sato K., Saiki N., Watanabe Y., Ichihashi H., Yokoi Y., Shimazaki T., Kawaguchi S., and Ishimaru S. Evaluation of spinal cord ischemia in endovascular stent graft repair and surgical operation of descending thoracic or thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms. Kyobu Geka 57 (2004) 262-267
42. Kolenda H., Steffens H., Gefeller O., Hagenah J., and Schomburg E.D. Critical levels of spinal cord blood flow and duration of ischemia for the acute recovery of segmental spinal cord responses in cats. J. Spinal. Disord. 10 (1997) 288-295
43. Kraus K.H., Pope E.R., O'Brien D., and Hay B.L. The effects of aortic occlusion on transcranially induced evoked potentials in the dog. Vet. Surg. 19 (1990) 341-347
44. Lips J., De Haan P., Bouma G.J., Jacobs M.J., and Kalkman C.J. Delayed detection of motor pathway dysfunction after selective reduction of thoracic spinal cord blood flow in pigs. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 123 (2002) 531-538
45. Lips J., De Haan P., De Jager S.W., Vanicky I., Jacobs M.J., and Kalkman C.J. The role of transcranial motor evoked potentials in predicting neurologic and histopathologic outcome after experimental spinal cord ischemia. Anesthesiology 97 (2002) 183-191
46. MacDonald D.B., and Janusz M. An approach to intraoperative monitoring of thoracoabdominal aneurysm surgery. J. Clin. Neurophysiol. 19 (2002) 43-54
47. MacDonald D.B., Al Zayed Z., and Stigsby B. Tibial somatosensory evoked potential intraoperative monitoring: recommendations based on signal to noise ratio analysis of popliteal fossa, optimized P37, standard P37 and P31 potentials. Clin. Neurophysiol. 116 (2005) 1858-1869
48. Machida M., Yamada T., Ross M., Kimura J., and Hitchon P. Effect of spinal cord ischemia on compound muscle action potentials and spinal evoked potentials following spinal cord stimulation in the dog. J. Spinal. Disord. 3 (1990) 345-352
49. Marcus M.L., Heistad D.D., Ehrhardt J.C., and Abboud F.M. Regulation of total and regional spinal cord blood flow. Circ. Res. 41 (1977) 128-134
50. Massey R., and Shore D.F. Surgery for complex coarctation of the aorta. Int. J. Cardiol. 97 Suppl. 1 (2004) 67-73
51. Masson C., Pruvo J.P., Meder J.F., Cordonnier C., Touzé E., De La Sayette V., Giroud M., Mas J.L., and Leys D. Spinal cord infarction: clinical and magnetic resonance imaging findings and short term outcome. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 75 (2004) 1431-1435
52. Mathé J.F., Richard I., Roger J.C., Potagas C., El Masry W.S., and Perrouin-Verbe B. Ischaemic myelopathy following aortic surgery or traumatic laceration of the aorta. Spinal Cord 36 (1998) 110-116
53. Matsui Y., Shiiya N., Ishii K., Murashita T., Sasaki S., Sakuma M., and Yasuda K. The reliability of evoked spinal cord potentials elicited by direct stimulation of the cord as a monitor of spinal cord ischemia during temporary occlusion of the thoracic aorta. Panminerva Med. 39 (1997) 78-84
54. Mawad M.E., Rivera V., Crawford S., Ramirez A., and Breitbach W. Spinal cord ischemia after resection of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms: MR findings in 24 patients. AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol. 11 (1990) 987-991
55. Meylaerts S.A., Jacobs M.J., Van Iterson V., De Haan P., and Kalkman C.J. Comparison of transcranial motor evoked potentials and somatosensory evoked potentials during thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Ann. Surg. 230 (1999) 742-749
56. Meylaerts S.A., De Haan P., Kalkman C.J., Lips J., De Mol B.A., and Jacobs M.J. The influence of regional spinal cord hypothermia on transcranial myogenic motor-evoked potential monitoring and the efficacy of spinal cord ischemia detection. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 118 (1999) 1038-1045
57. Meylaerts S.A., De Haan P., Kalkman C.J., Jaspers J., Vanicky I., and Jacobs M.J. Prevention of paraplegia in pigs by selective segmental artery perfusion during aortic cross-clamping. J. Vasc. Surg. 32 (2000) 160-170
58. Minahan R.E., Sepkuty J.P., Lesser R.P., Sponseller P.D., and Kostuik J.P. Anterior spinal cord injury with preserved neurogenic 'motor' evoked potentials. Clin. Neurophysiol. 112 (2001) 1442-1450
59. Mizrahi E.M., and Crawford E.S. Somatosensory evoked potentials during reversible spinal cord ischemia in man. Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. 58 (1984) 120-126
60. Murakami H., Tsukube T., Kawanishi Y., and Okita Y. Transcranial myogenic motor-evoked potentials after transient spinal cord ischemia predicts neurologic outcome in rabbits. J. Vasc. Surg. 39 (2004) 207-213
61. Okamoto Y., Murakami M., Nakagawa T., Murata A., and Moriya H. Intraoperative spinal cord monitoring during surgery for aortic aneurysm: application of spinal cord evoked potential. Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. 84 (1992) 315-320
62. Pollock J.C., Jamieson M.P., and McWilliam R. Somatosensory evoked potentials in the detection of spinal cord ischemia in aortic coarctation repair. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 41 (1986) 251-254
63. Qayumi K.A., Janusz M.T., Jamieson E.W., Chow V.D., and Dry G.M. Transcranial magnetic stimulation: use of motor evoked potentials in the evaluation of surgically induced spinal cord ischemia. J. Spinal Cord Med. 20 (1997) 395-401
64. Rao P.S. Coarctation of the aorta. Curr. Cardiol. Rep. 7 (2005) 425-434
65. Reuter D.G., Tacker Jr. W.A., Badylak S.F., Voorhees III W.D., and Konrad P.E. Correlation of motor-evoked potential response to ischemic spinal cord damage. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 104 (1992) 262-272
66. Schepens M.A., Boezeman E.H., Hamerlijnck R.P., Ter Beek H., and Vermeulen F.E. Somatosensory evoked potentials during exclusion and reperfusion of critical aortic segments in thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm surgery. J. Card. Surg. 9 (1994) 692-702
67. Serfontein S.J., and Kron I.L. Complications of coarctation repair. Semin. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. Pediatr. Card. Surg. Annu. 5 (2002) 206-211
68. Servais L.J., Rivelli S.K., Dachy B.A., Christophe C.D., and Dan B. Anterior spinal artery syndrome after aortic surgery in a child. Pediatr. Neurol. 24 (2001) 310-312
69. Shahin G.M., Hamerlijnck R.P., Schepens M.A., Ter Beek H.T., Vermeulen F.E., and Boezeman E.H. Upper and lower extremity somatosensory evoked potential recording during surgery for aneurysms of the descending thoracic aorta. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg. 10 (1996) 299-304
70. Shokoku S., Uchida H., and Teramoto S. An experimental study on spinal cord ischemia during cross-clamping of the thoracic aorta: the monitoring of spinal cord ischemia with motor evoked potential by transcranial stimulation of the cerebral cortex in dogs. Surg. Today 23 (1993) 1068-1073
71. Sloan T.B. Electrophysiologic monitoring during surgery to repair the thoracoabdominal aorta. Semin. Cardiothorac. Vasc. Anesth. 8 (2004) 113-125
72. Stühmeier K.D., Grabitz K., Mainzer B., Sandmann W., and Tarnow J. Use of the electrospinogram for predicting harmful spinal cord ischemia during repair of thoracic or thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms. Anesthesiology 79 (1993) 1170-1176
73. Sueda T., Okada K., Watari M., Orihashi K., Shikata H., and Matsuura Y. Evaluation of motor- and sensory-evoked potentials for spinal cord monitoring during thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm surgery. Jpn. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 48 (2000) 60-65
74. Svensson L.G., Patel V., Robinson M.F., Ueda T., Roehm Jr. J.O., and Crawford E.S. Influence of preservation or perfusion of intraoperatively identified spinal cord blood supply on spinal motor evoked potentials and paraplegia after aortic surgery. J. Vasc. Surg. 13 (1991) 355-365
75. Ussia G.P., Marasini M., and Pongiglione G. Paraplegia following percutaneous balloon angioplasty of aortic coarctation: a case report. Catheter. Cardiovasc. Interv. 54 (2001) 510-513
76. Van Dongen E.P., Schepens M.A., Morshuis W.J., Ter Beek H.T., Aarts L.P., De Boer A., and Boezeman E.H. Thoracic and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair: use of evoked potential monitoring in 118 patients. J. Vasc. Surg. 34 (2001) 1035-1040
77. Wan I.Y., Angelini G.D., Bryan A.J., Ryder I., and Underwood M.J. Prevention of spinal cord ischaemia during descending thoracic and thoracoabdominal aortic surgery. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg. 19 (2001) 203-213
78. Webb T.H., and Williams G.M. Thoracoabdominal aneurysm repair. Cardiovasc. Surg. 7 (1999) 573-585
79. Weigang E., Hartert M., Sircar R.,V., Samson P., Pitzer K., Genstorfer J., Zentner J., and Beyersdorf F. Setup of neurophysiological monitoring with tcMEP/SSEP during thoracoabdominal aneurysm repair. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 53 (2005) 28-32
80. Weigang E., Hartert M., Von Samson P., Sircar R., Pitzer K., Genstorfer J., Zentner J., and Beyersdorf F. Thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair: interplay of spinal cord protecting modalities. Eur. J. Vasc. Endovasc. Surg. 30 (2005) 624-631