The underlying emotion and the dream: Relating dream imagery to the dreamer's underlying emotion can help elucidate the nature of dreaming

International Review of Neurobiology

Volumn 92, Issue C, 2010, Pages 197-214

  Hartmann, Ernest ^a  

^a TUFTS UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Central Image; CI; Dream emotion; Dreaming; Dreams; Emotion

Indexed keywords

ABNORMAL DREAMING; ABUSE; AROUSAL; ASSOCIATIVE MEMORY; BOOK; DREAMING; EMOTION; EMOTIONALITY; HUMAN; LIFE STRESS; MEDICAL LITERATURE; MENTAL FUNCTION; NONREM SLEEP; POSTTRAUMATIC COMPLICATION; POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORY; REM SLEEP; SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE; SCORING SYSTEM;

EID: 77957066871     PISSN: 00747742     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1016/S0074-7742(10)92010-2     Document Type: Chapter

References (46)

1. Arkin A., Antrobus J. The effects of external stimuli applied prior to and during sleep on sleep experience. The Mind in Sleep: Psychology and Psychophysiology 1991, 265-307. John Wiley & Sons, Oxford, UK. 2nd ed. S.J. Ellman, J.S. Antrobus (Eds.).
2. Breger L., Hunter I., Lane R. The Effect of Stress on Dreams 1971, International Universities Press, New York.
3. Cartwright R.D., Bernick N., Borowitz G. Effect of an erotic movie on the sleep and dreams of young men. Arch. Gen. Psychiatr. 1969, 20:262-271.
4. Cohen D.B. Current research in the frequency of dream recall. Psychol. Bull. 1970, 73:433-440.
5. Domhoff W.G. Home dreams versus laboratory dreams: home dreams are better. Dream Psychology and the New Biology of Dreaming 1969, 199-217. Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, IL. M. Kramer (Ed.).
6. Domhoff W.G. Finding Meaning in Dreams: A Quantitative Approach 1996, Plenum, New York.
7. Hall C.S., Van de Castle R. The Content Analysis of Dreams 1966, Meredith, New York.
8. Hartmann E. A note on the nightmare. Sleep and Dreaming 1970, 192-197. Little, Brown & Co, Boston, MA. E. Hartmann (Ed.).
9. Hartmann E. Non-dreamers have "thick boundaries"; good dream-recallers "thin boundaries.". Sleep Res. 1990, 19:135.
10. Hartmann E. Boundaries in the Mind: A New Psychology of Personality 1991, Basic Books, New York.
11. Hartmann E. Outline for a theory on the nature and functions of dreaming. Dreaming 1996, 6:147-170.
12. Hartmann E. Dreams and Nightmares: The New Theory on the Origin and Meaning of Dreams 1998/2001, Plenum Press, New York, Revised paperback edition, 2001, Perseus Books, New York.
13. Hartmann E. Thought people and dream people: individual differences on the waking to dreaming continuum. Individual Differences and Conscious Experience 1999, 251-268. John Benjamins, Amsterdam. R. Kunzendorf, D. Wallace (Eds.).
14. Hartmann E. The central image (CI) makes "big" dreams big: the central image is the emotional heart of the dream. Dreaming 2008, 18:44-57.
15. Hartmann E. The dream always makes new connections: the dream is a creation, not a replay. Sleep Med. Clin. 2010, 5:241-248.
16. Hartmann E. The Nature and Function of Dreaming 2010, Oxford University Press, New York.
17. Hartmann E., Brezler T. A systematic change in dreams after 9/11/01. Sleep 2008, 31:213-218.
18. Hartmann E., Elkin R., Garg M. Personality and dreaming: the dreams of people with very thick or very thin boundaries. Dreaming 1991, 1:311-324.
19. Hartmann E., Kunzendorf R. The central image (CI) in recent dreams, dreams that stand out, and earliest dreams: relationship to boundaries. Imagin. Cogn. Pers. 2005-2006, 25:383-392.
20. Hartmann E., Kunzendorf R. Boundaries and dreams. Imagin. Cogn. Pers. 2006-2007, 26:101-115.
21. Hartmann E., Kunzendorf R., Rosen R., Grace N. Contextualizing images in dreams and daydreams. Dreaming 2001, 11:97-104.
22. Hartmann E., Rosen R., Gazells N., Moulton H. Contextualizing images in dreams-images that picture provide a context for an emotion. Sleep Res. 1997, 26:274.
23. Hartmann E., Rosen R., Grace N. Contextualizing images in dreams: more frequent and more intense after trauma. Sleep 1998, 21S:284.
24. Hartmann E., Rosen R., Rand W. Personality and dreaming: boundary structure and dreams. Dreaming 1998, 8:31-40.
25. Hartmann E., Stickgold R. Contextualizing images in content obtained from different sleep and waking states. Sleep 2000, 23S:A172.
26. Hartmann E., Zborowski M., Kunzendorf R. The emotion pictured by a dream: an examination of emotions contextualized in dreams. Sleep. Hypn. 2001, 3:33-43.
27. Hartmann E., Zborowski M., Rosen R., Grace N. Contextualizing images in dreams: more intense after abuse and trauma. Dreaming 2001, 11:115-126.
28. Knudson R. Significant dreams: bizarre or beautiful?. Dreaming 2001, 11:167-177.
29. Kramer M. The Dream Experience: A Systematic Exploration 2007, Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group, New York.
30. Kramer M., Roth T. The stability and variability of dreaming. Sleep 1979, 1:319-325.
31. Nielsen T., Deslauriers D., Baylor G.W. Emotions in dream and waking event reports. Dreaming 1991, 1:287-300.
32. Nielsen T., Lara-Carrasco J. Nightmares, dreams, and emotion regulation: a review. The New Science of Dreaming 2007, Vol. II:253-284. Praeger, Westport, CT. D. Barrett, P. McNamara (Eds.).
33. Nikles C.D., Brecht D.L., Klinger E., Bursell A.L. The effects of current concern- and nonconcern-related waking suggestions on nocturnal dream content. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 1998, 75:242-255.
34. Piccione P., Jacobs G., Kramer M., Roth T. The relationship between daily activities, emotions and dream content. Sleep Res. 1977, 6:133.
35. Punamäki R. Trauma and dreaming: trauma impact on dream recall, content, and patterns, and the mental health function of dreams. The New Science of Dreaming 2008, Vol. II:211-251. Praeger, Westport, CT. D. Barrett, P. McNamara (Eds.).
36. Punamäki R., Ali K.J., Ismahil K.H., Nuutinen J. Trauma, dreaming, and psychological distress among Kurdish children. Dreaming 2005, 15:178-194.
37. Rados R., Cartwright R.D. Where do dreams come from? A comparison of presleep and REM sleep thematic content. J. Abnorm. Psychol. 1982, 91:433-436.
38. Roussy F., Camirand C., Foulkes D., De Koninck J., Loftis M., Kerr N. Does early-night REM dream content reliably reflect presleep state of mind?. Dreaming 1996, 6:121-130.
39. Siegel A. Dreams of firestorm survivors. Trauma and Dreams 1996, 159-176. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA. D. Barrett (Ed.).
40. Snyder F. The phenomenology of dreaming. The Psychodynamic Implications of the Psychological Study of Dreams 1970, 124-151. Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, IL. H. Madow, L.H. Snow (Eds.).
41. Strauch I., Meier B. In Search of Dreams: Results of Experimental Dream Research 1996, State University of New York Press, Albany, NY.
42. Trinder J., Kramer M. Dream recall. Am. J. Psychiatr. 1971, 128:296-301.
43. Valli K., Revonsuo A., Pälkäs O., Punamäki R. The effect of trauma on dream content-A field study of Palestinian children. Dreaming 2006, 16:63-87.
44. Whitman R., Kramer M., Baldridge B. Experimental study of supervision of psychotherapy. Arch. Gen. Psychiatr. 1963, 106:529-535.
45. Winget C., Kramer M., Whitman R. Dreams and demography. Can. Psychiatr. Assoc. J. 1972, 17(Suppl. 2):SS203-SS208.
46. Zborowski M., McNamara P., Hartmann E., Murphy M., Mattle L. Boundary structure related to sleep measures and to dream content. Sleep 1998, 21S:284.