Evaluating short-term changes in recreational water quality during a hydrograph event using a combination of microbial tracers, environmental microbiology, microbial source tracking and hydrological techniques: A case study in Southwest Wales, UK

Water Research

Volumn 44, Issue 16, 2010, Pages 4783-4795

  Wyer, Mark D ^a   Kay, David ^a   Watkins, John ^b   Davies, Cheryl ^b   Kay, Chris ^a   Thomas, Rod ^c   Porter, Jonathan ^c   Stapleton, Carl M ^a   Moore, Heather ^d  

^a ABERYSTWYTH UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b CREH ANALYTICAL LTD   (United Kingdom)

^c ENVIRONMENT AGENCY   (United Kingdom)

^d ABERYSTWYTH UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Bacillus atrophaeus; Bacteroidales; Bathing water quality; Enterobacter cloacae bacteriophage; Faecal indicator organisms; Microbial source tracking; Microbial tracers; MS2 coliphage; Serratia marcescens bacteriophage

Indexed keywords

BACTERIOLOGY; BACTERIOPHAGES; CATCHMENTS; ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS; QUALITY MANAGEMENT; RIVER POLLUTION; RIVERS; WATER CONSERVATION; WATER MANAGEMENT;

BACILLUS ATROPHAEUS; BACTEROIDALE; BATHING WATER; BATHING WATER QUALITY; ENTEROBACTE CLOACA BACTERIOPHAGE; ENTEROBACTER CLOACAE; FECAL INDICATOR ORGANISMS; MICROBIAL SOURCE TRACKING; MICROBIAL TRACERS; MS2 COLIPHAGES; SERRATIA MARCESCEN BACTERIOPHAGE; SERRATIA MARCESCENS;

WATER QUALITY;

BACTERIOPHAGE; BACTERIUM; BATHING WATER; ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION; HYDROGRAPH; MICROORGANISM; POLLUTANT SOURCE; POLLUTION MONITORING; RECREATIONAL FACILITY; STANDARD (REGULATION); STREAMWATER; WATER QUALITY;

AGRICULTURE; ARTICLE; BACTEROIDALES; CATCHMENT; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; EVALUATION; FECAL COLIFORM; GENETIC MARKER; HYDROGRAPHY; HYDROLOGY; MEASUREMENT; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS; TECHNIQUE; UNITED KINGDOM; WATER QUALITY; WATER STANDARD;

UNITED KINGDOM; WALES;

BACILLUS ATROPHAEUS; BACTEROIDALES; ENTEROBACTER CLOACAE; SERRATIA MARCESCENS;

EID: 77957017531     PISSN: 00431354     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2010.06.047     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Adams M.H. Bacteriophages 1959, Inter-science, New York, 592p.
2. Ahmed W., Goonetilleke A., Powell D., Gardner T. Evaluation of multiple sewage-associated Bacteroides PCR markers for sewage pollution tracking. Water Research 2009, 43:4872-4877.
3. Ahmed W., Goonetilleke A., Powell D., Chauhan K., Gardner T. Comparison of molecular markers to detect fresh sewage in environmental waters. Water Research 2009, 43:4908-4917.
4. Bae S., Wuertz S. Discrimination of viable and dead faecal Bacteroidales bacteria by quantitative PCR with propidium monoazide. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 2009, 75(9):2940-2944.
5. Bae S., Wuertz S. Rapid decay of host-specific fecal Bacteroidales cells in seawater as measured by quantitative PCR with propidium monoazide. Water Research 2009, 43(19):4850-4859.
6. Bernhard A.E., Field K.G. A PCR assay to discriminate human and ruminant feces on the basis of host differences in Bacteroidetes-Prevotella genes encoding 16S rRNA. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 2000, 66(10):4571-4574.
7. Charles K.J., Shore J., Sellwood J., Laverick M., Hart A., Pedley S. Assessment of the stability of human viruses and coliphage in groundwater by PCR and infectivity methods. Journal of Applied Microbiology 2009, 196(6):1827-1837.
8. Council of the European Communities (CEC) Council Directive of 8 December 1975 concerning the quality of bathing waters. Official Journal of the European Communities L31 1976, 5.2:1-7.
9. Council of the European Communities (CEC) Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2000 establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy. Official Journal of the European Union 2000, L327:1-72.
10. Council of the European Union (CEU) Directive 2006/7/EC of the European Parliament of 15 February 2006 concerning the management of bathing water quality and repealing Directive 76/160/EEC. Official Journal of the European Union No L 64 2006, 4.3:37-51.
11. D'Arcy B.J., McLean N., Heal K.V., Kay D. Riparian wetlands for enhancing the self purification of streams. Water Science and Technology 2007, 56(1):49-57.
12. Drury D.F., Wheeler D.C. Applications of a Serratia marcescens bacteriophage as a new microbial tracer of aqueous environments. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 1982, 53:137-142.
13. Environment Agency (EA) Draft Hydrometric Manual. Chapter 4: Instantaneous Flow Measurement 2003, Environment Agency, Bristol.
14. Field K.G., Samadpour M. Fecal source tracking, the indicator paradigm, and managing water quality. Water Research 2007, 41(16):3515-3792.
15. Goldscheider N., Haller L., Poté J. Characterizing water circulation and contaminant transport in lake Geneva using bacteriophage tracer experiments and limnological methods. Environmental Science and Technology 2007, 41(15):5252-5258.
16. Gourmelon M., Caprais M.P., Segura R., Le Mennec C., Lozach S., Piriou J.Y., Rincé A. Evaluation of two library-independent microbial source tracking methods to identify sources of fecal contamination in French estuaries. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 2007, 73(15):4857-4866.
17. Havelaar A.H., Hogeboom W.M. A method for enumeration of male-specific bacteriophages in sewage. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 1984, 56:439-447.
18. Herschy R.W. Stream Flow Measurement 1985, Elsevier Applied Sciences Publishers, London and New York, 547pp.
19. Joyce E., Rueedi J., Cronin A., Pedley S., Tellam J., Greswell R. Fate and Transport of Phage and Viruses in UK Permo-Triassic Sandstone Aquifers 2007, Science Report - SC030217/SR, Environment Agency, 81 pp.
20. Kay D., Aitken M., Crowther J., Dickson I., Edwards A.C., Francis C., Hopkins M., Jeffrey W., Kay C., McDonald A.T., McDonald D., Stapleton C.M., Watkins J., Wilkinson J., Wyer M. Reducing fluxes of faecal indicator compliance parameters to bathing waters from diffuse agricultural sources, the Brighouse Bay study, Scotland. Environmental Pollution 2007, 147(1):139-149.
21. Kay D., Crowther J., Stapleton C.M., Wyer M.D., Fewtrell L., Anthony S., Bradford M., Edwards A., Francis C.A., Hopkins M., Kay C., McDonald A.T., Watkins J., Wilkinson J. Faecal indicator organism concentrations and catchment export coefficients in the UK. Water Research 2008, 42(10-11):2649-2661.
22. Layton A., McKay L., Williams D., Garrett V., Gentry R., Sayler G. Development of 16S rRNA Gene TaqMan-based real-time PCR assays for estimation of total, human and bovine fecal pollution in water. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 2006, 72(6):4214-4224.
23. McPhail C.D., Stidson R.T. Bathing water signage and predictive water quality models in Scotland. Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management 2009, 12(2):183-186.
24. Morgan N., Munro D., Mollowney B.M., Linwood P. Sewage dispersion in an estuary with distinct ebb and flood channels. Environment International 1995, 21(2):123-130.
25. Nightingale P.D., Malin G., Law C.S., Watson A.J., Liss P.S., Liddicoat M.I., Boutin J., Upstill-Goddard R.C. In situ evaluation of air-sea gas exchange paramerterizations using novel conservative and volatile tracers. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 2000, 14(1):373-387.
26. Paul J.H., Rose J.B., Brown J., Shinn E.A., Miller S., Farrah S.R. Viral tracer studies indicate contamination of marine waters by sewage disposal practices in Key Largo, Florida. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 1995, 61(6):2230-2234.
27. Pike E.B., Bufton W.J., Gould D.J. The use of Serratia indica and Bacillus subtilis var. niger spores for tracing sewage dispersion in the sea. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 1969, 32:206-216.
28. Management of Shellfish Harvesting Waters for Public Health Protection 2009, International Water Association and World Health Organization, 310p. G. Rees, K. Pond, D. Kay, S. Domingo (Eds.).
29. Reischer G.H., Kasper D.C., Steinborn R., Mach R.L., Farnleitner A.H. Quantitative PCR method for sensitive detection of ruminant fecal pollution in freshwater and evaluation of this method in alpine karstic regions. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 2006, 72(8):5610-5614.
30. Rossi P., Dörfliger N., Kennedy K., Muller I., Aragno M. Bacteriophages as surface and groundwater tracers. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 1998, 2(1):101-110.
31. Shanks O.C., Atikovic E., Blackwood A.D., Lu J., Noble R.T., Santo Domingo J., Seifring S., Sivaganesan M., Haugland R.A. Quantitative PCR for detection of genetic markers of Bovine faecal pollution. Applied Environmental Microbiology 2008, 74:745-752.
32. Shen C., Phanikumar M.S., Fong T.T., Aslam I., McElmurry S.P., Molloy S.L., Rose J.B. Evaluating bacteriophage P22 as tracer in a complex surface water system: the Grand River, Michigan. Environmental Science and Technology 2008, 42(7):2424-2431.
33. Silkie S.S., Nelson K.L. Concentrations of host-specific and generic fecal markers measured by quantitative PCR in raw sewage and fresh animal feces. Water Research 2009, 43:4860-4871.
34. Skilton H., Wheeler D. Bacteriophage tracer experiments in groundwater. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 1988, 65:387-395.
35. SPSS SPSS 16.0 Brief Guide 2007, SPSS Inc., Chicago, 217pp.
36. Standing Committee of Analysts (SCA) The Microbiology of Recreational and Environmental Waters. Methods for the Examination of Waters and Associated Materials 2000, Environment Agency, Bristol.
37. Standing Committee of Analysts (SCA) The Microbiology of Drinking Water (2002) - Part 4. Methods for the Isolation and Enumeration of Coliform Bacteria and Escherichia coli (including E. coli O157:H7), Methods for the Examination of Waters and Associated Materials 2002, Environment Agency, Bristol.
38. Standing Committee of Analysts (SCA) The Microbiology of Drinking Water (2006) - Part 5. Isolation and Enumeration of Enterococci by Membrane Filtration, Methods for the Examination of Waters and Associated Materials 2006, Environment Agency, Bristol.
39. Stapleton C.M., Kay D., Wyer M.D., Davies C., Watkins J., Kay C., McDonald A.T., Porter J., Gawler A. Evaluating the operational utility of a Bacteroidales quantitative PCR-based MST approach in determining the source of faecal indicator organisms at a UK bathing water. Water Research 2009, 43:4888-4899.
40. United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Federal Water Pollution Control Act (As Amended Through P.L. 107-303, November 27, 2002) 2002, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington DC, Available at:. http://www.epa.gov/oecaagct/lcwa.html.
41. World Health Organization (WHO) Guidelines for safe recreational-water environments. Coastal and Fresh-Waters 2003, vol. 1. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.