Use of online newspaper sites lags behind print editions

Newspaper Research Journal

Volumn 30, Issue 4, 2009, Pages 38-53

  Chyi, Hsiang Iris ^a   Lewis, Seth C ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 77956814819     PISSN: 07395329     EISSN: 23764791     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/073953290903000404     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Editor & Publisher, “Circulation of Ll.S. Daily Newspapers by Circulation Groups,” In Editor & Publisher International Year Book: Editor & Publisher, 2008.
2. Robert G. Picard and Jeffrey H. Brody, The Newspaper PublishingIndustry (Boston: Allyn & Bacon, 1997).
3. Pablo J. Boczkowski, Digitizing the News: Innovation in Online Newspapers (The MIT Press, 2004);
4. Chris Paterson and David Domingo, Making Online News: The Ethnography of New Media Production (New York: Peter Lang, 2008);
5. Jane B. Singer, “Five Ws and an H: Digital Challenges in Newspaper Newsrooms and Boardrooms,” International Journal on Media Management 10, no. 3 (2008): 122-29;
6. Neil Thurman and Ben Lupton, “Convergence Calls: Multimedia Storytelling at British News Websites,” Convergence: The Journal of Research Into New Media Technologies 14, no. 4 (2008): 439-55.
7. Alfred Hermida and Neil Thurman, “A Ciash of Cultures: The Integration of User-Generated Content within Professional Journalistic Frameworks at British Newspaper Websites,” Journalism Practice 2, no. 3 (2008): 343-56;
8. Neil Thurman, “Forums for Citizen Journalists? Adoption of User Generated Content Initiatives by Online News Media,” New Media and Society 10, no. 1 (2008): 139-57;
9. Mark Tremayne, Amy Schmitz Weiss and Rosental C. Alves, “From Product to Service: The Diffusion of Dynamic Content in Online Newspapers,” Journalism & MassCommunication Quarterly, 84, no. 4 (winter 2007): 825-39.
10. See Stephen Lacy and Todd F.Simon, The Economics & Regulation of UnitedStates Newspapers (Norwood, NJ: Ablex, 1993).
11. Newspaper Association of America, “Total Paid Circulation,” (2007);
12. World Association of Newspapers, “World’s 100 Largest Newspapers,” (2005).
13. Project for Excellence in Journalism, “Average Circulation of U.S. Daily Newspapers, 1990 to 2005,” (2006).
14. John C. Busterna and Robert G. Picard, JointOperatingAgreements: The Newspaper PreservationAct and Its Application (Norwood, NJ: Ablex, 1993).
15. Picard and Brody, The Newspaper Publishing Industry.
16. Ron Rodgers, Steve Hallock, Mike Gennaria and Fei Wei, “Two Papers in Joint Operating Agreement Publish Meaningful Editorial Diversity,” Newspaper Research Journal 25, no. 4 (fall 2004): 104-09.
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18. Robert E. Entman, “Newspaper Competition and First Amendment Ideals: Does Monopoly Matter?" Journal of Communication 35, no. 3 (1985): 147-65;
19. Stephen Lacy, “The Effects of Intracity Competition on Daily Newspaper Content,” Journalism Quarterly 64, no. 2 (1987): 281-90.
20. Picard and Brody, The Newspaper Publishing Industry, 43.
21. James N. Rosse, “Economic Limits of Press Responsibility,” Studies in Industry Economics 56 (1975);
22. James N. Rosse, James N. Dertouzos, Michael Robinson, and Steven Wildman. “Economic Issues in Mass Communication Industries,” (paper presented at the FTC Media Symposium, Washington, DC, 1978).
23. William B. Blankenburg, “Determinants of Pricing of Advertising in Weeklies,” Journalism Quarterly 57 (1980): 663-66.
24. John C. Busterna, “The Cross-Elasticity of Demand for National Newspaper Advertising,” Journalism Quarterly 64, no. 2 (1987): 346-51.
25. Robert G. Picard, The Economics and Financing of Media Companies (New York: Fordham University Press, 2002), 125.
26. Hsiang Iris Chyi and Dominic L. Lasorsa, “An Explorative Study on the Market Relation between Online and Print Newspapers,” Journal ofMediaEconomics 15, no. 2 (2002):91-106;
27. Hsiang Iris Chyi and George Sylvie, “Competing with Whom? Where? And How? AStructural Analysis of the Electronic Newspaper Market,” Journal of Media Economics 11, no. 2 (1998): 1-18.
28. Brent Stahl, “Power Users 2006:An Engaging Audience for Advertising and News,” Digital edge 5, no. 3 (2006).
29. Audit Bureau of Circulations, “ABC, Scarborough Research and NAA Unveil Details of New Audience-Fax Initiative Integrating Circulation, Readership and Online Measurements,” (2007).
30. Newspaper Association of America, “NAA Analysis Shows Eight Percent Increase in Total News paper Audience,” (2006);
31. Scarborough Research, “A New Story Lead for the Newspaper Industry:Newspapers Are Successfully Extending Their Audience Online,” (2006).
32. Hsiang Iris Chyi, “Re-Examining the MarketRelationbetweenOnlineand PrintNewspapers:The Case of Hong Kong,” in Internet Newspapers, ed. Xigen Li (Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 2006),193-205;
33. Chyi and Lasorsa, “An Explorative Study on the Market Relation.” 22.
34. Hsiang Iris Chyi, and Dominic L. Lasorsa, “Access, Use and Preference for Online Newspapers,” Newspaper Research Journal 20, no. 4 (fall 1999): 2-13;
35. Chyi and Lasorsa, “An Explorative Study on the Market Relation”;
36. Hsiang Iris Chyi, Mengchieh Jacie Yang, Seth C. Lewis, and Nan Zheng, “An Empirical Study of Online Newspaper Readership in Local Markets: Exploring Differences between Hybrid and Online-Only Users,” (paper presented at the International Communication Association conference, Chicago, IL, May 2009);
37. Matthew Gentzkow, “Valuing New Goods in a Model with Complementarities: Online Newspapers,” American Economic Review 97, no. 3 (2007): 713-44.
38. Neil Thurman, “The Globalization of Journalism Online: A Transatlantic Study of News Websites and Their International Readers,” Journalism 8, no. 3 (2007):285-307.
39. For details, see Hsiang Iris Chyi and George Sylvie, “Online Newspapers in the U.S.: Perceptions of Markets, Products, Revenue, and Competition,” International Journal on Media Management 2, no. 2 (2000): 13-21.
40. Pew Research Center for the People and the Press, “Online Papers Modestly Boost Newspaper Readership: Maturing Internet News Audience Broader Than Deep,” (2006).
41. Scarborough reports data on 81 Designated Market Areas (DMAs). For a summary of Scarborough’s methodology, visit (2008).
42. The database is accessible at .
43. For a summary of comScore Media Metrix’s methodology, visit (2006).
44. Circulation is based on each paper’s highest circulation, typically the Sunday edition, during the week of March 31, 2006, reported by the Audit Bureau of Circulations.
45. Readership figures are usually higher than circulation because more than one person may read a newspaper.
46. see Audit Bureau of Circulations, “Audience-Fax: FAQsfor Tier One Newspapers,” (2008).
47. Newspaper Association of America, “Total Paid Circulation.” 33.
48. Since The Philadelphia Inquirer and The Philadelphia Daily News share one Web site, their circulations are combined and therefore the sample size becomes 67 in the analysis.
49. Based on comScore Media Metrix September 2006 data.
50. It should be noted that Scarborough’s local surveys did not reach non-local readers.
51. See com Score Media Metrix, “Newspaper Web Site Audiences Grow Faster Than Total Internet Populations in Largest US. Markets, Reports comScore Media Metrix,” (2002).
52. Pew Research Center for the People and the Press, “Internet Penetration and Impact,” (2006).
53. Hsiang Iris Chyi and Mengchieh Jacie Yang, “Is Online News an InferiorGood? Empirically Examining the Economic Nature of Online News,” Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, in press.
54. Pew Research Center for the People & the Press, “Online Papers Modestly Boost Newspaper Readership.”
55. George Sylvie and Hsiang Iris Chyi, “One Product, Two Markets: How Geography Differentiates Online Newspaper Audiences,” Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 84, no. 3 (autumn 2007): 562-81.
56. Hsiang Iris Chyi and George Sylvie, “The Medium Is Global; the Content Is Not: The Role of Geography in Online Newspaper Markets,” Journal of Media Economics 14, no. 4 (2001):231-48.
57. Rob Runett, “Newspapers’ Online Operations: Performance Report 2004,” (2004).
58. Rich Gordon, “Pondering Panels: comScore, Nielsen Report Dissimilar Numbers Due to Methodology Differences,” Digital Edge, (February 2005);
59. Greg Harmon and Clyde Bentley, “Measuring Media Site Traffic: The Pitfalls of Using Computer Programs to Measure Web Activity,” (paper presented at the Digital Revolution: The Impact of Digital Media and Information Technologies Conference, Columbia, South Carolina, 2004);
60. Marketing VOX, “Metrics Tussle: comScore CEO Counters Adweek Item,” (2006);
61. Mike Shields, “Web Execs Question Metrics,” Adweek, Sept. 25, 2006.