Tourism in times of crisis: Exploring the discourse of tourism development in Iceland

Current Issues in Tourism

Volumn 13, Issue 5, 2010, Pages 419-434

  Jóhannesson, Gunnar Thór ^a   Huijbens, Edward H ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ICELAND   (Iceland)

^b UNIVERSITY OF AKUREYRI   (Iceland)

Author keywords

Discourse; Economy; Iceland; Policy; Recession; Tourism

Indexed keywords

ECONOMIC GROWTH; FINANCIAL CRISIS; POLICY STRATEGY; TOURISM DEVELOPMENT; TOURISM ECONOMICS; TOURISM MARKET; TWENTIETH CENTURY;

ICELAND;

EID: 77956808862     PISSN: 13683500     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/13683500.2010.491897     Document Type: Article

References (68)

1. Amin, A. (2002). Spatialities of globalisation. Environment and Planning A, 34(3), 385-399.
2. Atladóttir, Ó. Ý. (2008, October 18). Tæifærin í ferapjónustunni. Morgunblai, p. 34.
3. Benholdt, J.O., Haldrup, M., Larsen, J., & Urry, J. (2004). Performing tourist places. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate.
4. Baxter, E., & Bowen, D. (2004). Anatomy of tourism crisis: Explaining the effects on tourism of the UK foot and mouth disease epidemics of 1967-68 and 2001 with special reference to media portrayal. International Journal of Tourism Research, 6(4), 263-273.
5. Benediktsson, K., & Skaptadóttir, U.D. (2002). Coping strategies and regional policies - social capital in the Nordic peripheries - Iceland (No. WP 2002:5). Stockholm: Nordregio.
6. Blake, A., & Sinclair, M.T. (2003). Tourism crisis management. US response to September 11. Annals of Tourism Research, 30(4), 813-832.
7. Bourdieu, P. (1998). Practical reason. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.
8. Britton, S. (1991). Tourism, capital, and place: Towards a critical geography of tourism. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 9(4), 451-478.
9. Elden, S. (2004). Understanding Henri Lefebvre. London: Continuum.
10. Elliott, L. (2009). How Iceland went from world's biggest hedge fund to pariah in the global market. Guardian.co.uk. Retrieved June 16, 2009, from http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/jan/26/iceland-hedge-fund
11. Faulkner, B. (2001). Towards a framework for tourism disaster management. Tourism Management, 22(2), 135-147.
12. Feramálastofa. (2009a). Erlendir gestir yfir hálfa milljón í fyrsta sinn [Foreign guests exceed half million for the first time]. Retrieved May 19, 2009, from http://www.ferdamalastofa.is/displayer.asp?cat_id=634&module_id=220 &element_id=4564
13. Feramálastofa. (2009b). 90% Íslendinga ætla a ferast innanlands í sumar [90% of Icelanders will travel domestically this summer]. Retrieved May 19, 2009, from http://www.ferdamalastofa.is/displayer.asp?cat_id=649&module_id=220 &element_id=4863
14. Feramálastofa. (2009c). Heildarfjöldi erlendra gesta 1949-2008 [Total number of tourist arrivals 1949-2008]. Retrieved April 8, 2009, from http://www.ferdamalastofa.is/displayer.asp?cat_id=503
15. Feramálastofa. (2009d). Fjöldi erlendra gesta í maí [The number of foreign tourists in May]. Retrieved May 19, 2009, from http://www.ferdamalastofa.is/displayer.asp?cat_id=659.
16. Fjármálaráuney (2009). Íslenskur pjórbúskapur og ríkisfjármál [Icelandic economy and national treasury]. Retrieved March 25, 2009, from http://www.fjarmalaraduneyti.is/media/frettir/Islenskur_tjodarbuskapur_o g_riksifjarmal.pdf
17. Forsætisráuneyti (2008). Viljayfirlýsing um áform íslenskra stjórnvalda vegna fjárhagslegrar fyrirgreislu hjá Alpjóagjaldeyrissjónum [A declaration of Iceland's plans concerning the IMF loan]. Retrieved December 12, 2008, from http://www.forsaetisraduneyti.is/Aaetlun_um_efnahagsstodugleika/Aaetluni n_med_skyringum/
18. Forsætisráuneyti (2009). Statement by the IMF mission to Iceland. Retrieved June 11, 2009, from http://eng.forsaetisraduneyti.is/news-and-articles/nr/3749
19. Framleiisjóur landbúnarins. (1993). Ársskýrsla Framleiisjó landbúnarins 1991-1992 [The agricultural productivity fund annual report 1991-1992]. Blönduós, Iceland: Framleiisjóur.
20. Gunnarsdöttir, B. (2009, April 24). Ferapjónusta - falinn fjársjór! [Tourism - a hidden treasure!]. Morgunblai, p. 22.
21. Hauksdóttir, E. (2009, January 17). Ferapjónustan í upphafi árs [Tourism at the start of the year]. Fréttablai, p. 22.
22. Icelandair Group (2007). Icelandair group annual report 2007. Retrieved June 25, 2008, from http://annualreport2007.icelandairgroup.com/media/2008/files/Icelandair_ Group_Annual_Report_2007.pdf
23. Inarráuneyti (2009). Feramálaping 2008 (The annual Icelandic tourism conference 2008). Retrieved May 18, 2009, from http://www.idnadarraduneyti.is/radherra/raedur-greinarOS/nr/2661
24. Ísleifsson, S. (1996). Ísland framandi land. Reykjavík, Iceland: Mál og menning.
25. Jóhannesson, G.T., Huijbens, E., & Sharpley, R. (2010). Icelandic tourism: Past directions - future challenges. Tourism Geographies.
26. Kusluvan, S. (2003). Managing employee attitudes and behaviors in the tourism and hospitality industry. New York: Nova.
27. Latour, B. (1993). We have never been modern. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
28. Latour, B. (1999). Pandora's hope. Essays on the reality of science studies. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
29. Latour, B. (2005). Reassembling the social: An introduction to actor-network-theory. Oxford University Press.
30. Lefebvre, H. (1991). The production of space. Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
31. Lockhart, D. (1997). Islands and tourism: An overview. In D. Lockhart & D. Drakakis-Smith (Eds.), Island tourism: Trends and prospects (pp. 3-20). London: Pinter.
32. Magnússon, J.H. (2008, November 20). Sterk ímynd íslands er hruninn. [Strong image of Iceland is collapsed]. Fréttablai, p. 22.
33. Mansfield, Y. (1999). Cycles of war, terror, and peace: Determinants and management of crisis and recovery of the Israeli tourism industry. Journal of Travel Research, 38(1), 30-36.
34. Massey, D. (2004). Geographies of responsibility. Geografiska Annaler B, 86(1), 5-18.
35. Massey, D. (2005). For space. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.
36. Matthiasson, T. (2008). Spinning out of control, Iceland in crisis. Nordic Journal of Political Economy, 34(3), 1-19.
37. National Land Survey of Iceland. (2008). Ókeypis kort [Free maps]. Retrieved December 5, 2008, from http://www.lmi.is
38. Ólafsson, S. (2005). Normative foundations of the Icelandic welfare state: On the gradual erosion of citizenship-based welfare rights. In N. Kildal & S. Kuhnle (Eds.), Normative foundations of the welfare state: The Nordic experience (pp. 214-236). London: Routledge.
39. Ólafsson, S. (2008). íslenska efnahagsundri: Frá hagsæld til frjálshyggju og fjármálahruns. Stjórnmál og stjórnsýsla veftímarit, 4(2), 231-256.
40. Painter, J. (2000). Pierre Bourdieu. In M. Crang & N. Thrift (Eds.), Thinking space (pp. 167-182). London: Routledge.
41. Rafnsson, P. (2008, December 11). Ný tæifæri á íslandi [New opportunities in Iceland]. Morgunblai, p. 47.
42. Ragnarsson, Ö.P. (2009). ísland eitt pa heitasta [Iceland one of the hottest]. Retrieved January 1, 2009, from http://www.mbl.is/mm/frettir/innlent/2009/01/19/island_eitt_thad_heitast a/
43. Saarinen, J. (1998). The social construction of tourist destinations: The process of transformation of the Saariselka? tourism region in Finnish Lapland. In G. Ringer (Ed.), Destinations: Cultural landscapes of tourism (pp. 154-173). London & New York: Routledge.
44. Saarinen, J. (2004). 'Destinations in change': The transformation process of tourist destinations. Tourist Studies, 4(2), 161-179.
45. Samgönguráuneyti (1983). Feramál á Íslandi: Pjó́hagsleg pý́ng, spá um próun till 1992, tillögur um feramálastefnu. [Tourism in Iceland: National economic weight, prediction till 1992 and proposals for a strategic plan]. Reykjavík, Iceland: Author.
46. Samgönguráuneyti (2005). Feramálaáætlun 2006-2015 [Tourism strategic plan 2006-2015]. Reykjavík, Iceland: Author.
47. Seabanki Íslands. (2009). Veragspróun [Price developments]. Retrieved April 20, 2009, from http://www.sedlabanki.is/?pageid=60
48. Sheller, M., & Urry, J. (2004). Tourism mobilities: Places to play, places in play. London: Routledge.
49. Sigbjörnsson, B.Ó. (2009, April 23). Allir segjast geta fjölga störfum [Everybody say they can increase the number of jobs]. Fréttablai, p. 16.
50. Skarphéinsson, Ó. (2008). Ræa ráerra á feramálapingi 2008 [Minister's speech at the annual Icelandic tourism conference 2008]. Retrieved January 22, 2009, from http://www.idnadarraduneyti.is/radherra/raedur-greinarOS/nr/2661
51. Skarphéinsson, Ó. (2009, February 27). Brúarsmíi sjó og sprota [Bridgebuilding of funds and innovators]. Morgunblai, p. 90.
52. Sönmez, S. (1998). Tourism, terrorism and political stability. Annals of Tourism Research, 25, 416-456.
53. Sönmez, S., Apostolopoulos, Y., & Tarlow, P. (1999). Tourism in crisis: Managing the effects of terrorism. Journal of Travel Research, 38(1), 13-18.
54. Statistics Iceland. (2008a). Hlutdeild ferapjónustu í landsframleilu [The proportion of tourism in GDP]. Retrieved November 5, 2008, from http://www.hagstofa.is/Hagtolur/Ferdamal,-samgongur-og-upplysing/Ferdath jonusta
55. Statistics Iceland. (2008b). Mannfjöldi - yfirlit [Population-overview]. Retrieved November 3, 2008, from http://www.hagstofa.is/Pages/1374
56. Statistics Iceland. (2008c).Útflutningur vöru og pjónustu eftir atvinnugreinum 1990-2006 [Export of products and services by industries]. Retrieved June 25, 2008, from http://hagstofa.is/Hagtolur/Ferdamal,-samgongur-og-upplysing/Ferdathjonu sta
57. Statistics Iceland. (2008d). Statistical yearbook of Iceland 2008. Reykjavík, Iceland: Author.
58. Statistics Iceland. (2009). Overnight stays in hotels 1997-2009. Retrieved December 8, 2008, from http://www.statice.is/Statistics/Tourism,-transport-and-informati/Accomm odation
59. UNDP. (2008). The human development index - going beyond income. Retrieved April 15, 2009, from http://hdrstats.undp.org/2008/countries/country_fact_sheets/cty_fs_ISL.h tml
60. UNWTO. (2009a). Certain uncertainty. UNWTO News. Retrieved from April 2, 2009. http://www.unwto.org/media/mag/en/pdf/wtonews2009_1.pdf
61. UNWTO. (2009b). Facts and figures. Retrieved April 7, 2009, from http://www.unwto.org/index.php
62. UNWTO. (2009c). Tourism: An engine for employment creation and economic stimulus. Retrieved April 7, 2009, from http://www.unwto.org/media/news/en/press_det.php?id=3891&idioma=E
63. UNWTO. (2009d). Why tourism? Tourism - an economic and social phenomenon. Retrieved April 2, 2009, from http://www.unwto.org/aboutwto/why/en/why/php?op=1
64. UNWTO. (2009e). Quick overview of key trends UNWTO World Tourism Barometer, 7(1), 3-8.
65. Urry, J. (2003). Global complexity. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.
66. Valsson, S.H. (2008, October 1). Appointment of Iceland's new tourism director slap in the face, critics say. Retrieved June 11, 2009, from http://www.eturbonews.com
67. Vinnumálastofnun. (2009). Atvinnuleysi 9,1% í apríl [Unemployment 9.1% in April]. Retrieved June 5, 2009, from http://www.vinnumalastofnun.is/frettir/nr/1486/
68. Yeoman, I. (2008). Tomorrow's tourist. Scenarios and trends. Amsterdam: Elsevier.