Toll-Like receptors in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease

Gastroenterology Research and Practice

Volumn , Issue , 2010, Pages

  Szabo, Gyongyi ^a   Petrasek, Jan ^a   Mandrekar, Pranoti ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ENDOTOXIN; INFLIXIMAB; PROBIOTIC AGENT; REACTIVE OXYGEN METABOLITE; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR;

ALCOHOL LIVER CIRRHOSIS; ALCOHOL LIVER DISEASE; CLINICAL TRIAL; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; HUMAN; INTESTINE FLORA; LIVER CELL CARCINOMA; LIVER FIBROSIS; NONHUMAN; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PATHOGENESIS; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; REVIEW;

EID: 77956805892     PISSN: 16876121     EISSN: 1687630X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1155/2010/710381     Document Type: Review

References (176)

1. Rehm J., Room R., Monteiro M., Gmel G., Graham K., Rehn N., Sempos C. T., Jernigan D., Alcohol as a risk factor for global burden of disease European Addiction Research 2003 9 4 157 164
2. Mills S. J., Harrison S. A., Comparison of the natural history of alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Current Gastroenterology Reports 2005 7 1 32 36
3. Friedman S. L., Molecular regulation of hepatic fibrosis, an integrated cellular response to tissue injury Journal of Biological Chemistry 2000 275 4 2247 2250
4. Staun Olsen P., Bjorneboe M., Prytz H., Escherichia coli antibodies in alcoholic liver disease. Correlation to alcohol consumption, alcoholic hepatitis, and serum IgA Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology 1983 18 7 889 896
5. Nanji A. A., Khettry U., Sadrzadeh S. M. H., Yamanaka T., Severity of liver injury in experimental alcoholic liver disease: correlation with plasma endotoxin, prostaglandin E2, leukotriene B4, and thromboxane B2 American Journal of Pathology 1993 142 2 367 373
6. Enomoto N., Ikejima K., Bradford B., Rivera C., Kono H., Brenner D. A., Thurman R. G., Spitzer J. J., Alcohol causes both tolerance and sensitization of rat Kupffer cells via mechanisms dependent on endotoxin Gastroenterology 1998 115 2 443 451
7. Duerkop B. A., Vaishnava S., Hooper L. V., Immune responses to the microbiota at the intestinal mucosal surface Immunity 2009 31 3 368 376
8. Rao R., Endotoxemia and gut barrier dysfunction in alcoholic liver disease Hepatology 2009 50 2 638 644
9. Roth J., McClellan J. L., Kluger M. J., Zeisberger E., Attenuation of fever and release of cytokines after repeated injections of lipopolysaccharide in guinea-pigs Journal of Physiology 1994 477, part 1 177 185
10. Benacerraf B., Sebestyen M. M., Schlossman S., A quantitative study of the kinetics of blood clearance of P32-labelled Escherichia coli and Staphylococci by the reticuloendothelial system The Journal of Experimental Medicine 1959 110 1 27 48
11. Bjarnason I., Ward K., Peters T. J., The leaky gut of Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research: possible route of entry for toxic compounds The Lancet 1984 1 8370 179 182
12. Mathurin P., Deng Q.-G., Keshavarzian A., Choudhary S., Holmes E. W., Tsukamoto H., Exacerbation of alcoholic liver injury by enteral endotoxin in rats Hepatology 2000 32 5 1008 1017
13. Nanji A. A., Jokelainen K., Fotouhinia M., Rahemtulla A., Thomas P., Tipoe G. L., Grace L. S. U., Dannenberg A. J., Increased severity of alcoholic liver injury in female rats: role of oxidative stress, endotoxin, and chemokines American Journal of Physiology 2001 281 6 G1348 G1356
14. Jokelainen K., Reinke L. A., Nanji A. A., NF- B activation is associated with free radical generation and endotoxemia and precedes pathological liver injury in experimental alcoholic liver disease Cytokine 2001 16 1 36 39
15. Rao R. K., Seth A., Sheth P., Recent advances in alcoholic liver disease. I. Role of intestinal permeability and endotoxemia in alcoholic liver disease American Journal of Physiology 2004 286 6 G881 G884
16. Fukui H., Brauner B., Bode J. C., Bode C., Plasma endotoxin concentrations in patients with alcoholic and non-alcoholic liver disease: reevaluation with an improved chromogenic assay Journal of Hepatology 1991 12 2 162 169
17. Fujimoto M., Uemura M., Nakatani Y., Tsujita S., Hoppo K., Tamagawa T., Kitano H., Kikukawa M., Ann T., Ishii Y., Kojima H., Sakurai S., Tanaka R., Namisaki T., Noguchi R., Higashino T., Kikuchi E., Nishimura K., Takaya A., Fukui H., Plasma endotoxin and serum cytokine levels in patients with alcoholic hepatitis: relation to severity of liver disturbance Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 2000 24 4 48S 54S
18. Schafer S. L., Lin R., Moore P. A., Hiscott J., Pitha P. M., Regulation of type I interferon gene expression by interferon regulatory factor-3 Journal of Biological Chemistry 1998 273 5 2714 2720
19. Adachi Y., Moore L. E., Bradford B. U., Gao W., Thurman R. G., Antibiotics prevent liver injury in rats following long-term exposure to ethanol Gastroenterology 1995 108 1 218 224
20. Nanji A. A., Khettry U., Sadrzadeh S. M. H., Lactobacillus feeding reduces endotoxemia and severity of experimental alcoholic liver (disease) Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 1994 205 3 243 247
21. Bode C., Bode J. C., Effect of alcohol consumption on the gut Bailliere's Best Practice and Research in Clinical Gastroenterology 2003 17 4 575 592
22. Yajima S., Morisaki H., Serita R., Suzuki T., Katori N., Asahara T., Nomoto K., Kobayashi F., Ishizaka A., Takeda J., Tumor necrosis factor- mediates hyperglycemia-augmented gut barrier dysfunction in endotoxemia Critical Care Medicine 2009 37 3 1024 1030
23. Tang Y., Banan A., Forsyth C. B., Fields J. Z., Lau C. K., Zhang L. J., Keshavarzian A., Effect of alcohol on miR-212 expression in intestinal epithelial cells and its potential role in alcoholic liver disease Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 2008 32 2 355 364
24. Naito M., Hasegawa G., Ebe Y., Yamamoto T., Differentiation and function of Kupffer cells Medical Electron Microscopy 2004 37 1 16 28
25. Seki E., Brenner D. A., Toll-like receptors and adaptor molecules in liver disease: update Hepatology 2008 48 1 322 335
26. Adachi Y., Bradford B. U., Gao W., Bojes H. K., Thurman R. G., Inactivation of Kupffer cells prevents early alcohol-induced liver injury Hepatology 1994 20 2 453 460
27. Koop D. R., Klopfenstein B., Iimuro Y., Thurman R. G., Gadolinium chloride blocks alcohol-dependent liver toxicity in rats treated chronically with intragastric alcohol despite the induction of CYP2E1 Molecular Pharmacology 1997 51 6 944 950
28. Hellman J., Loiselle P. M., Tehan M. M., Allaire J. E., Boyle L. A., Kurnick J. T., Andrews D. M., Kim K. S., Warren H. S., Outer membrane protein A, peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein, and murein lipoprotein are released by Escherichia coli bacteria into serum Infection and Immunity 2000 68 5 2566 2572
29. Akira S., Takeda K., Kaisho T., Toll-like receptors: critical proteins linking innate and acquired immunity Nature Immunology 2001 2 8 675 680 (Pubitemid 32747155)
30. Takeda K., Takeuchi O., Akira S., Recognition of lipopeptides by Toll-like receptors Journal of Endotoxin Research 2002 8 6 459 463
31. Alexopoulou L., Holt A. C., Medzhitov R., Flavell R. A., Recognition of double-stranded RNA and activation of NF- B by Toll-like receptor 3 Nature 2001 413 6857 732 738
32. Hayashi F., Smith K. D., Ozinsky A., Hawn T. R., Yi E. C., Goodlett D. R., Eng J. K., Akira S., Underhill D. M., Aderem A., The innate immune response to bacterial flagellin is mediated by Toll-like receptor 5 Nature 2001 410 6832 1099 1103
33. Heil F., Hemmi H., Hochrein H., Ampenberger F., Kirschning C., Akira S., Lipford G., Wagner H., Bauer S., Species-specific recognition of single-stranded RNA via toll-like receptor 7 and 8 Science 2004 303 5663 1526 1529
34. Hemmi H., Takeuchi O., Kawai T., Kaisho T., Sato S., Sanjo H., Matsumoto M., Hoshino K., Wagner H., Takeda K., Akira S., A Toll-like receptor recognizes bacterial DNA Nature 2000 408 6813 740 745
35. Thobe B. M., Frink M., Hildebrand F., Schwacha M. G., Hubbard W. J., Choudhry M. A., Chaudry I. H., The role of MAPK in Kupffer cell Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2-, TLR4-, and TLR9-mediated signaling following trauma-hemorrhage Journal of Cellular Physiology 2007 210 3 667 675
36. Wu J., Lu M., Meng Z., Trippler M., Broering R., Szczeponek A., Krux F., Dittmer U., Roggendorf M., Gerken G., Schlaak J. F., Toll-like receptor-mediated control of HBV replication by nonparenchymal liver cells in mice Hepatology 2007 46 6 1769 1778
37. Schuchmann M., Hermann F., Herkel J., Van Der Zee R., Galle P. R., Lohse A. W., HSP60 and CpG-DNA-oligonucleotides differentially regulate LPS-tolerance of hepatic Kupffer cells Immunology Letters 2004 93 2-3 199 204
38. Watanabe A., Hashmi A., Gomes D. A., Town T., Badou A., Flavell R. A., Mehal W. Z., Apoptotic hepatocyte DNA inhibits hepatic stellate cell chemotaxis via toll-like receptor 9 Hepatology 2007 46 5 1509 1518
39. Paik Y.-H., Lee K. S., Lee H. J., Yang K. M., Lee S. J., Lee D. K., Han K.-H., Chon C. Y., Lee S. I., Moon Y. M., Brenner D. A., Hepatic stellate cells primed with cytokines upregulate inflammation in response to peptidoglycan or lipoteichoic acid Laboratory Investigation 2006 86 7 676 686
40. Uhrig A., Banafsche R., Kremer M., Hegenbarth S., Hamann A., Neurath M., Gerken G., Limmer A., Knolle P. A., Development and functional consequences of LPS tolerance in sinusoidal endothelial cells of the liver Journal of Leukocyte Biology 2005 77 5 626 633 (Pubitemid 40628742)
41. Sarphie T. G., D'Souza N. B., Deaciuc I. V., Kupffer cell inactivation prevents lipopolysaccharide-induced structural changes in the rat liver sinusoid: an electron-microscopic study Hepatology 1996 23 4 788 796
42. Liu S., Gallo D. J., Green A. M., Williams D. L., Gong X., Shapiro R. A., Gambotto A. A., Humphris E. L., Vodovotz Y., Billiar T. R., Role of toll-like receptors in changes in gene expression and NF- B activation in mouse hepatocytes stimulated with lipopolysaccharide Infection and Immunity 2002 70 7 3433 3442
43. Isogawa M., Robek M. D., Furuichi Y., Chisari F. V., Toll-like receptor signaling inhibits hepatitis B virus replication in vivo Journal of Virology 2005 79 11 7269 7272
44. Nagy L. E., Recent insights into the role of the innate immune system in the development of alcoholic liver disease Experimental Biology and Medicine 2003 228 8 882 890
45. Thurman R. G., II. Alcoholic liver injury involves activation of Kupffer cells by endotoxin American Journal of Physiology 1998 275 4 G605 G611
46. Raetz C. R. H., Reynolds C. M., Trent M. S., Bishop R. E., Lipid a modification systems in gram-negative bacteria Annual Review of Biochemistry 2007 76 295 329
47. Wright S. D., Ramos R. A., Tobias P. S., Ulevitch R. J., Mathison J. C., CD14, a receptor for complexes of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and LPS binding protein Science 1990 249 4975 1431 1433
48. Shimazu R., Akashi S., Ogata H., Nagai Y., Fukudome K., Miyake K., Kimoto M., MD-2, a molecule that confers lipopolysaccharide responsiveness on toll- like receptor 4 Journal of Experimental Medicine 1999 189 11 1777 1782
49. Wright S. D., Tobias P. S., Ulevitch R. J., Ramos R. A., Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) binding protein opsonizes LPS-bearing particles for recognition by a novel receptor on macrophages Journal of Experimental Medicine 1989 170 4 1231 1241
50. Uesugi T., Froh M., Arteel G. E., Bradford B. U., Thurman R. G., Toll-like receptor 4 is involved in the mechanism of early alcohol-induced liver injury in mice Hepatology 2001 34 1 101 108 (Pubitemid 32591488)
51. Sultzer B. M., Genetic control of leucocyte responses to endotoxin Nature 1968 219 5160 1253 1254
52. Uesugi T., Froh M., Arteel G. E., Bradford B. U., Wheeler M. D., Gbele E., Isayama F., Thurman R. G., Role of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein in early alcohol-induced liver injury in mice Journal of Immunology 2002 168 6 2963 2969 (Pubitemid 34211677)
53. Yin M., Bradford B. U., Wheeler M. D., Uesugi T., Froh M., Goyert S. M., Thurman R. G., Reduced early alcohol-induced liver injury in CD14-deficient mice Journal of Immunology 2001 166 7 4737 4742
54. Ferrero E., Jiao D., Tsuberi B. Z., Tesio L., G. W. R., Haziot A., Goyert S. M., Transgenic mice expressing human CD14 are hypersensitive to lipopolysaccharide Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1993 90 6 2380 2384
55. Francs R., Benlloch S., Zapater P., Gonzlez J. M., Lozano B., Muoz C., Pascual S., Casellas J. A., Uceda F., Palazn J. M., Carnicer F., Prez-Mateo M., Such J., A sequential study of serum bacterial DNA in patients with advanced cirrhosis and ascites Hepatology 2004 39 2 484 491
56. Such J., Francs R., Muoz C., Zapater P., Casellas J. A., Cifuentes A., Rodrguez-Valera F., Pascual S., Sola-Vera J., Carnicer F., Uceda F., Palazn J. M., Prez-Mateo M., Detection and identification of bacterial DNA in patients with cirrhosis and culture-negative, nonneutrocytic ascites Hepatology 2002 36 1 135 141
57. Francs R., Muoz C., Zapater P., Uceda F., Gascn I., Pascual S., Prez-Mateo M., Such J., Bacterial DNA activates cell mediated immune response and nitric oxide overproduction in peritoneal macrophages from patients with cirrhosis and ascites Gut 2004 53 6 860 864
58. Romics L. Jr., Dolganiuc A., Velayudham A., Kodys K., Mandrekar P., Golenbock D., Kurt-Jones E., Szabo G., Toll-like receptor 2 mediates inflammatory cytokine induction but not sensitization for liver injury by Propionibacterium acnes Journal of Leukocyte Biology 2005 78 6 1255 1264
59. Romics L. Jr., Dolganiuc A., Kodys K., Drechsler Y., Oak S., Velayudham A., Mandrekar P., Szabo G., Selective priming to toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), not TLR2, ligands by P. acnes involves up-regulation of MD-2 in mice Hepatology 2004 40 3 555 564
60. Gustot T., Lemmers A., Moreno C., Nagy N., Quertinmont E., Nicaise C., Franchimont D., Louis H., Devire J., Le Moine O., Differential liver sensitization to toll-like receptor pathways in mice with alcoholic fatty liver Hepatology 2006 43 5 989 1000
61. Massonnet B., Delwail A., Ayrault J.-M., Chagneau-Derrode C., Lecron J.-C., Silvain C., Increased immunoglobulin A in alcoholic liver cirrhosis: exploring the response of B cells to Toll-like receptor 9 activation Clinical and Experimental Immunology 2009 158 1 115 124
62. Van de Wiel A., Schuurman H. J., Kater L., Alcoholic liver disease: an IgA-associated disorder Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology 1987 22 9 1025 1030
63. Gomez F., Ruiz P., Schreiber A. D., Impaired function of macrophage Fc receptors and bacterial infection in alcoholic cirrhosis The New England Journal of Medicine 1994 331 17 1122 1128
64. Stadlbauer V., Mookerjee R. P., Wright G. A. K., Davies N. A., Jrgens G., Hallstrm S., Jalan R., Role of Toll-like receptors 2, 4, and 9 in mediating neutrophil dysfunction in alcoholic hepatitis American Journal of Physiology 2009 296 1 G15 G22
65. Hritz I., Mandrekar P., Velayudham A., Catalano D., Dolganiuc A., Kodys K., Kurt-Jones E., Szabo G., The critical role of toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 in alcoholic liver disease is independent of the common TLR adapter MyD88 Hepatology 2008 48 4 1224 1231
66. Romics L. Jr., Mandrekar P., Kodys K., Velayudham A., Drechsler Y., Dolganiuc A., Szabo G., Increased lipopolysaccharide sensitivity in alcoholic fatty livers is independent of leptin deficiency and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) or TLR2 mRNA expression Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 2005 29 6 1018 1026
67. Malhi H., Barreyro F. J., Isomoto H., Bronk S. F., Gores G. J., Free fatty acids sensitise hepatocytes to TRAIL mediated cytotoxicity Gut 2007 56 8 1124 1131
68. Kendrick S. F.W., O'Boyle G., Mann J., Zeybel M., Palmer J., Jones D. E.J., Day C. P., Acetate, the key modulator of inflammatory responses in acute alcoholic hepatitis Hepatology 2010 51 6 1988 1997
69. Roychowdhury S., McMullen M. R., Pritchard M. T., Hise A. G., van Rooijen N., Medof M. E., Stavitsky A. B., Nagy L. E., An early complement-dependent and TLR-4-independent phase in the pathogenesis of ethanol-induced liver injury in mice Hepatology 2009 49 4 1326 1334
70. Covert M. W., Leung T. H., Gaston J. E., Baltimore D., Achieving stability of lipopolysaccharide-induced NF- B activation Science 2005 309 5742 1854 1857
71. Barton G. M., Medzhitov R., Toll-like receptor signaling pathways Science 2003 300 5625 1524 1525
72. Kagan J. C., Su T., Horng T., Chow A., Akira S., Medzhitov R., TRAM couples endocytosis of Toll-like receptor 4 to the induction of interferon- Nature Immunology 2008 9 4 361 368
73. Lieber C. S., DeCarli L. M., The feeding of alcohol in liquid diets: two decades of applications and 1982 update Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 1982 6 4 523 531
74. Lieber C. S., DeCarli L. M., Alcoholic liver injury: experimental models in rats and baboons Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 1975 59 379 393
75. Morin P., Bragana J., Bandu M.-T., Lin R., Hiscott J., Doly J., Civas A., Preferential binding sites for interferon regulatory factors 3 and 7 involved in interferon-A gene transcription Journal of Molecular Biology 2002 316 5 1009 1022
76. Zhao X.-J., Dong Q., Bindas J., Piganelli J. D., Magill A., Reiser J., Kolls J. K., TRIF and IRF-3 binding to the TNF promoter results in macrophage TNF dysregulation and steatosis induced by chronic ethanol Journal of Immunology 2008 181 5 3049 3056
77. Piao W., Song C., Chen H., Quevedo Diaz M. A., Wahl L. M., Fitzgerald K. A., Li W., Medvedev A. E., Endotoxin tolerance dysregulates MyD88- and Toll/IL-1R domain-containing adapter inducing IFN- -dependent pathways and increases expression of negative regulators of TLR signaling Journal of Leukocyte Biology 2009 86 4 863 875
78. De Nardo D., Nguyen T., Hamilton J. A., Scholz G. M., Down-regulation of IRAK-4 is a component of LPS- and CpG DNA-induced tolerance in macrophages Cellular Signalling 2009 21 2 246 252
79. Huang Y., Blatt L. M., Taylor M. W., Type 1 interferon as an antiinflammatory agent: inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced interleukin-1 and induction of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist Journal of Interferon and Cytokine Research 1995 15 4 317 321
80. Medvedev A. E., Sabroe I., Hasday J. D., Vogel S. N., Tolerance to microbial TLR ligands: molecular mechanisms and relevance to disease Journal of Endotoxin Research 2006 12 3 133 150
81. Dolganiuc A., Norkina O., Kodys K., Catalano D., Bakis G., Marshall C., Mandrekar P., Szabo G., Viral and Host Factors Induce Macrophage Activation and Loss of Toll-Like Receptor Tolerance in Chronic HCV Infection Gastroenterology 2007 133 5 1627 1636
82. Messingham K. A., Faunce D. E., Kovacs E. J., Alcohol, injury, and cellular immunity Alcohol 2002 28 3 137 149
83. McClain C. J., Cohen D. A., Increased tumor necrosis factor production by monocytes in alcoholic hepatitis Hepatology 1989 9 3 349 351
84. Mandrekar P., Bala S., Catalano D., Kodys K., Szabo G., The opposite effects of acute and chronic alcohol on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation are linked to IRAK-M in human monocytes Journal of immunology 2009 183 2 1320 1327
85. Szabo G., Mandrekar P., A recent perspective on alcohol, immunity, and host defense Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 2009 33 2 220 232
86. You M., Crabb D. W., Molecular mechanisms of alcoholic fatty liver: role of sterol regulatory element-binding proteins Alcohol 2004 34 1 39 43
87. Nanji A. A., Dannenberg A. J., Jokelainen K., Bass N. M., Alcoholic liver injury in the rat is associated with reduced expression of peroxisome proliferator- (PPAR )-regulated genes and is ameliorated by PPAR activation Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 2004 310 1 417 424
88. Mandrekar P., Szabo G., Signalling pathways in alcohol-induced liver inflammation Journal of Hepatology 2009 50 6 1258 1266
89. Baldwin A. S. Jr., The NF- B and I B proteins: new discoveries and insights Annual Review of Immunology 1996 14 649 681
90. Ghosh S., May M. J., Kopp E. B., NF- B and rel proteins: evolutionarily conserved mediators of immune responses Annual Review of Immunology 1998 16 225 260
91. Yeligar S. M., Machida K., Tsukamoto H., Kalra V. K., Ethanol augments RANTES/CCL5 expression in rat liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and human endothelial cells via activation of NF-kappa B, HIF-1 alpha, and AP-1 Journal of Immunology 2009 183 9 5964 5976
92. Enomoto N., Takei Y., Hirose M., Konno A., Shibuya T., Matsuyama S., Suzuki S., Kitamura K. I. T., Sato N., Prevention of ethanol-induced liver injury in rats by an agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-, pioglitazone Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 2003 306 3 846 854
93. Shi L., Kishore R., McMullen M. R., Nagy L. E., Chronic ethanol increases lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Egr-1 expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Contribution to enhanced tumor necrosis factor production Journal of Biological Chemistry 2002 277 17 14777 14785
94. McMullen M. R., Pritchard M. T., Wang Q., Millward C. A., Croniger C. M., Nagy L. E., Early growth response-1 transcription factor is essential for ethanol-induced fatty liver injury in mice Gastroenterology 2005 128 7 2066 2076
95. Apte U. M., Banerjee A., McRee R., Wellberg E., Ramaiah S. K., Role of osteopontin in hepatic neutrophil infiltration during alcoholic steatohepatitis Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 2005 207 1 25 38
96. Ramaiah S. K., Jaeschke H., Hepatic neutrophil infiltration in the pathogenesis of alcohol-induced liver injury Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods 2007 17 7 431 440
97. McClain C. J., Barve S., Deaciuc I., Kugelmas M., Hill D., Cytokines in alcoholic liver disease Seminars in Liver Disease 1999 19 2 205 220
98. Gobejishvili L., Barve S., Joshi-Barve S., Uriarte S., Song Z., McClain C., Chronic ethanol-mediated decrease in cAMP primes macrophages to enhanced LPS-inducible NF- B activity and TNF expression: relevance to alcoholic liver disease American Journal of Physiology 2006 291 4 G681 G688
99. Latvala J., Hietala J., Koivisto H., Jrvi K., Anttila P., Niemel O., Immune responses to ethanol metabolites and cytokine profiles differentiate alcoholics with or without liver disease American Journal of Gastroenterology 2005 100 6 1303 1310
100. McClain C. J., Hill D. B., Song Z., Deaciuc I., Barve S., Monocyte activation in alcoholic liver disease Alcohol 2002 27 1 53 61
101. Yin M., Wheeler M. D., Kono H., Bradford B. U., Gallucci R. M., Luster M. I., Thurman R. G., Essential role of tumor necrosis factor in alcohol-induced liver injury in mice Gastroenterology 1999 117 4 942 952
102. Tsukamoto H., Takei Y., McClain C. J., Joshi-Barve S., Hill D., Schmidt J., Deaciuc I., Barve S., Colell A., Garcia-Ruiz C., Kaplowitz N., Fernandez-Checa J. C., Yokoyama H., Okamura Y., Nakamura Y., Ishii H., Chawla R. K., Barve S., Joshi-Barve S., Watson W., Nelson W., Lin M., Ohata M., Motomura K., Enomoto N., Ikejima K., Kitamura T., Oide H., Hirose M., Bradford B. U., Rivera C. A., Kono H., Peter S., Yamashina S., Konno A., Ishikawa M., Shimizu H., Sato N., Thurman R., How is the liver primed or sensitized for alcoholic liver disease? Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 2001 25 5 171S 181S
103. Chen G., Goeddel D. V., TNF-R1 signaling: a beautiful pathway Science 2002 296 5573 1634 1635
104. Locksley R. M., Killeen N., Lenardo M. J., The TNF and TNF receptor superfamilies: integrating mammalian biology Cell 2001 104 4 487 501
105. Wilson N. S., Dixit V., Ashkenazi A., Death receptor signal transducers: nodes of coordination in immune signaling networks Nature Immunology 2009 10 4 348 355
106. Bird G. L. A., Sheron N., Goka A. K. J., Alexander G. J., Williams R. S., Increased plasma tumor necrosis factor in severe alcoholic hepatitis Annals of Internal Medicine 1990 112 12 917 920
107. Naveau S., Emilie D., Balian A., Grangeot-Keros L., Borotto E., Portier A., Giraud V., Capron F., Galanaud P., Chaput J.-C., Plasma levels of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors p55 and p75 in patients with alcoholic liver disease of increasing severity Journal of Hepatology 1998 28 5 778 784
108. Spahr L., Giostra E., Frossard J.-L., Bresson-Hadni S., Rubbia-Brandt L., Hadengue A., Soluble TNF-R1, but not tumor necrosis factor alpha, predicts the 3-month mortality in patients with alcoholic hepatitis Journal of Hepatology 2004 41 2 229 234
109. Ribeiro P. S., Cortez-Pinto H., Sol S., Castro R. E., Ramalho R. M., Baptista A., Moura M. C., Camilo M. E., Rodrigues C. M. P., Hepatocyte apoptosis, expression of death receptors, and activation of NF- B in the liver of nonalcoholic and alcoholic steatohepatitis patients American Journal of Gastroenterology 2004 99 9 1708 1717
110. Iimuro Y., Gallucci R. M., Luster M., Kono H., Thurman R. G., Antibodies to tumor necrosis factor alfa attenuate hepatic necrosis and inflammation caused by chronic exposure to ethanol in the rat Hepatology 1997 26 6 1530 1537
111. Enomoto N., Takei Y., Hirose M., Ikejima K., Miwa H., Kitamura T., Sato N., Thalidomide prevents alcoholic liver injury in rats through suppression of Kupffer cell sensitization and TNF- production Gastroenterology 2002 123 1 291 300
112. Song Z., Zhou Z., Song M., Uriarte S., Chen T., Deaciuc I., McClain C. J., Alcohol-induced S-adenosylhomocysteine accumulation in the liver sensitizes to TNF hepatotoxicity: possible involvement of mitochondrial S-adenosylmethionine transport Biochemical Pharmacology 2007 74 3 521 531
113. Song Z., Zhou Z., Uriarte S., Wang L., Kang Y. J., Chen T., Barve S., McClain C. J., S-adenosylhomocysteine sensitizes to TNF- hepatotoxicity in mice and liver cells: a possible etiological factor in alcoholic liver disease Hepatology 2004 40 4 989 997
114. Pastorino J. G., Hoek J. B., Ethanol potentiates tumor necrosis factor- cytotoxicity in hepatoma cells and primary rat hepatocytes by promoting induction of the mitochondrial permeability transition Hepatology 2000 31 5 1141 1152
115. Garca-Ruiz C., Morales A., Ballesta A., Rods J., Kaplowitz N., Fernndez-Checa J. C., Effect of chronic ethanol feeding on glutathione and functional integrity of mitochondria in periportal and perivenous rat hepatocytes Journal of Clinical Investigation 1994 94 1 193 201
116. Cahill A., Stabley G. J., Wang X., Hoek J. B., Chronic ethanol consumption causes alterations in the structural integrity of mitochondrial DNA in aged rats Hepatology 1999 30 4 881 888
117. Colell A., Garcia-Ruiz C., Miranda M., Ardite E., Mari M., Morales A., Corrales F., Kaplowitz N., Fernandez-Checa J. C., Selective glutathione depletion of mitochondria by ethanol sensitizes hepatocytes to tumor necrosis factor Gastroenterology 1998 115 6 1541 1551
118. Joshi-Barve S., Barve S. S., Butt W., Klein J., McClain C. J., Inhibition of Proteasome Function Leads to NF- B-Independent IL-8 Expression in Human Hepatocytes Hepatology 2003 38 5 1178 1187
119. Cressman D. E., Greenbaum L. E., DeAngelis R. A., Ciliberto G., Furth E. E., Poli V., Taub R., Liver failure and defective hepatocyte regeneration in interleukin-6- deficient mice Science 1996 274 5291 1379 1383
120. Mandal P., Pritchard M. T., Nagy L. E., Anti-inflammatory pathways and alcoholic liver disease: role of an adiponectin/interleukin-10/heme oxygenase-1 pathway World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010 16 11 1330 1336
121. Berg D. J., Kuhn R., Rajewsky K., Muller W., Menon S., Davidson N., Grunig G., Rennick D., Interleukin-10 is a central regulator of the response to LPS in murine models of endotoxic shock and the Shwartzman reaction but not endotoxin tolerance Journal of Clinical Investigation 1995 96 5 2339 2347
122. Tanaka Y., Takahashi A., Watanabe K., Takayama K., Yahata T., Habu S., Nishimura T., A pivotal role of IL-12 in Th1-dependent mouse liver injury International Immunology 1996 8 4 569 576
123. Car B. D., Eng V. M., Schnyder B., Ozmen L., Huang S., Gallay P., Heumann D., Aguet M., Ryffel B., Interferon receptor deficient mice are resistant to endotoxic shock Journal of Experimental Medicine 1994 179 5 1437 1444
124. Sakao Y., Takeda K., Tsutsui H., Kaisho T., Nomura F., Okamura H., Nakanishi K., Akira S., IL-18-deficient mice are resistant to endotoxin-induced liver injury but highly susceptible to endotoxin shock International Immunology 1999 11 3 471 480
125. Cosgrove B. D., Cheng C., Pritchard J. R., Stolz D. B., Lauffenburger D. A., Griffith L. G., An inducible autocrine cascade regulates rat hepatocyte proliferation and apoptosis responses to tumor necrosis factor- Hepatology 2008 48 1 276 288
126. Kono H., Rusyn I., Yin M., Gbele E., Yamashina S., Dikalova A., Kadiiska M. B., Connor H. D., Mason R. P., Segal B. H., Bradford B. U., Holland S. M., Thurman R. G., NADPH oxidase-derived free radicals are key oxidants in alcohol-induced liver disease Journal of Clinical Investigation 2000 106 7 867 872
127. Park H. S., Jung H. Y., Park E. Y., Kim J., Lee W. J., Bae Y. S., Cutting edge: direct interaction of TLR4 with NAD(P)H oxidase 4 isozyme is essential for lipopolysaccharide-induced production of reactive oxygen species and activation of NF- B Journal of Immunology 2004 173 6 3589 3593
128. Dasu M. R., Devaraj S., Zhao L., Hwang D. H., Jialal I., High glucose induces toll-like receptor expression in human monocytes Mechanism of activation Diabetes 2008 57 11 3090 3098
129. Kirpich I. A., Solovieva N. V., Leikhter S. N., Shidakova N. A., Lebedeva O. V., Sidorov P. I., Bazhukova T. A., Soloviev A. G., Barve S. S., McClain C. J., Cave M., Probiotics restore bowel flora and improve liver enzymes in human alcohol-induced liver injury: a pilot study Alcohol 2008 42 8 675 682
130. Stadlbauer V., Mookerjee R. P., Hodges S., Wright G. A. K., Davies N. A., Jalan R., Effect of probiotic treatment on deranged neutrophil function and cytokine responses in patients with compensated alcoholic cirrhosis Journal of Hepatology 2008 48 6 945 951
131. Pappas S. C., Good science behind hepatitis C virus antiviral drug development: necessary but not sufficient Hepatology 2007 46 5 1317 1319
132. McHutchison J. G., Bacon B. R., Gordon S. C., Lawitz E., Shiffman M., Afdhal N. H., Jacobson I. M., Muir A., Al-Adhami M., Morris M. L., Lekstrom-Himes J. A., Efler S. M., Davis H. L., Phase 1B, randomized, double-blind, dose-escalation trial of CPG 10101 in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus Hepatology 2007 46 5 1341 1349
133. Horsmans Y., Berg T., Desager J.-P., Mueller T., Schott E., Fletcher S. P., Steffy K. R., Bauman L. A., Kerr B. M., Averett D. R., Isatoribine, an agonist of TLR7, reduces plasma virus concentration in chronic hepatitis C infection Hepatology 2005 42 3 724 731
134. Kim H. M., Park B. S., Kim J.-I., Kim S. E., Lee J., Oh S. C., Enkhbayar P., Matsushima N., Lee H., Yoo O. J., Lee J.-O., Crystal Structure of the TLR4-MD-2 Complex with Bound Endotoxin Antagonist Eritoran Cell 2007 130 5 906 917
135. Ii M., Matsunaga N., Hazeki K., Nakamura K., Takashima K., Seya T., Hazeki O., Kitazaki T., Iizawa Y., A novel cyclohexene derivative, ethyl (6R)-6-[N-(2-Chloro-4-fluorophenyl)sulfamoyl]cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylate (TAK-242), selectively inhibits toll-like receptor 4-mediated cytokine production through suppression of intracellular signaling Molecular Pharmacology 2006 69 4 1288 1295
136. Fort M. M., Mozaffarian A., Stver A. G., Da Silva Correia J., Johnson D. A., Crane R. T., Ulevitch R. J., Persing D. H., Bielefeldt-Ohmann H., Probst P., Jeffery E., Fling S. P., Hershberg R. M., A synthetic TLR4 antagonist has anti-inflammatory effects in two murine models of inflammatory bowel disease Journal of Immunology 2005 174 10 6416 6423
137. Spahr L., Rubbia-Brandt L., Frossard J.-L., Giostra E., Rougemont A.-L., Pugin J., Fischer M., Egger H., Hadengue A., Combination of steroids with infliximab or placebo in severe alcoholic hepatitis: a randomized controlled pilot study Journal of Hepatology 2002 37 4 448 455
138. Mookerjee R. P., Sen S., Davies N. A., Hodges S. J., Williams R., Jalan R., Tumour necrosis factor alpha is an important mediator of portal and systemic haemodynamic derangements in alcoholic hepatitis Gut 2003 52 8 1182 1187
139. Naveau S., Chollet-Martin S., Dharancy S., Mathurin P., Jouet P., Piquet M.-A., Davion T., Oberti F., Brot P., Emilie D., A double-blind randomized controlled trial of infliximab associated with prednisolone in acute alcoholic hepatitis Hepatology 2004 39 5 1390 1397
140. Lucey M. R., Mathurin P., Morgan T. R., Alcoholic hepatitis The New England Journal of Medicine 2009 360 26 2704 2769
141. Adawi D., Behzad Kasravi F., Molin G., Jeppsson B., Effect of Lactobacillus supplementation with and without arginine on liver damage and bacterial translocation in an acute liver injury model in the rat Hepatology 1997 25 3 642 647 (Pubitemid 27106447)
142. Ewaschuk J., Endersby R., Thiel D., Diaz H., Backer J., Ma N., Churchill T., Madsen K., Probiotic bacteria prevent hepatic damage and maintain colonic barrier function in a mouse model of sepsis Hepatology 2007 46 3 841 850
143. Liu Q., Duan Z. P., Ha D. K., Bengmark S., Kurtovic J., Riordan S. M., Synbiotic modulation of gut flora: effect on minimal hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis Hepatology 2004 39 5 1441 1449
144. Rayes N., Seehofer D., Hansen S., Boucsein K., Mller A. R., Serke S., Bengmark S., Neuhaus P., Early enteral supply of Lactobacillus and fiber versus selective bowel decontamination: a controlled trial in liver transplant recipients Transplantation 2002 74 1 123 128
145. Rayes N., Seehofer D., Theruvath T., Schiller R. A., Langrehr J. M., Jonas S., Bengmark S., Neuhaus P., Supply of pre- and probiotics reduces bacterial infection rates after liver transplantationa randomized, double-blind trial American Journal of Transplantation 2005 5 1 125 130
146. Osman N., Adawi D., Ahrn S., Jeppsson B., Molin G., Endotoxin- and d-galactosamine-induced liver injury improved by the administration of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and blueberry Digestive and Liver Disease 2007 39 9 849 856
147. McClain C. J., Song Z., Barve S. S., Hill D. B., Deaciuc I., Recent advances in alcoholic liver disease. IV. Dysregulated cytokine metabolism in alcoholic liver disease American Journal of Physiology 2004 287 3 G497 G502
148. Tilg H., Jalan R., Kaser A., Davies N. A., Offner F. A., Hodges S. J., Ludwiczek O., Shawcross D., Zoller H., Alisa A., Mookerjee R. P., Graziadei I., Datz C., Trauner M., Schuppan D., Obrist P., Vogel W., Williams R., Anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha monoclonal antibody therapy in severe alcoholic hepatitis Journal of Hepatology 2003 38 4 419 425
149. Keane J., Gershon S., Wise R. P., Mirabile-Levens E., Kasznica J., Schwieterman W. D., Siegel J. N., Braun M. M., Tuberculosis associated with infliximab, a tumor necrosis factor -neutralizing agent The New England Journal of Medicine 2001 345 15 1098 1104
150. Yamada Y., Kirillova I., Peschon J. J., Fausto N., Initiation of liver growth by tumor necrosis factor: deficient liver regeneration in mice lacking type I tumor necrosis factor receptor Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1997 94 4 1441 1446
151. Menon K. V. N., Stadheim L., Kamath P. S., Wiesner R. H., Gores G. J., Peine C. J., Shah V., A pilot study of the safety and tolerability of etanercept in patients with alcoholic hepatitis American Journal of Gastroenterology 2004 99 2 255 260
152. Boetticher N. C., Peine C. J., Kwo P., Abrams G. A., Patel T., Aqel B., Boardman L., Gores G. J., Harmsen W. S., McClain C. J., Kamath P. S., Shah V. H., A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled multicenter trial of etanercept in the treatment of alcoholic hepatitis Gastroenterology 2008 135 6 1953 1960
153. Purohit V., Russo D., Cellular and molecular mechanisms of alcoholic hepatitis: introduction and summary of the symposium Alcohol 2002 27 1 3 6 (Pubitemid 34626476)
154. Greenwel P., Domnguez-Rosales J.-A., Mavi G., Mara Rivas-Estilla A., Rojkind M., Hydrogen peroxide: a link between acetaldehyde-elicited 1(I) collagen gene up-regulation and oxidative stress in mouse hepatic stellate cells Hepatology 2000 31 1 109 116
155. Nieto N., Friedman S. L., Cederbaum A. I., Cytochrome P450 2E1-derived reactive oxygen species mediate paracrine stimulation of collagen I protein synthesis by hepatic stellate cells Journal of Biological Chemistry 2002 277 12 9853 9864 (Pubitemid 34968090)
156. Svegliati-Baroni G., Inagaki Y., Rincon-Sanchez A.-R., Else C., Saccomanno S., Benedetti A., Ramirez F., Rojkind M., Early response of 2(I) collagen to acetaldehyde in human hepatic stellate cells is TGF- independent Hepatology 2005 42 2 343 352
157. Chen A., Acetaldehyde stimulates the activation of latent transforming growth factor- 1 and induces expression of the type II receptor of the cytokine in rat cultured hepatic stellate cells Biochemical Journal 2002 368 3 683 693
158. Canbay A., Feldstein A. E., Higuchi H., Werneburg N., Grambihler A., Bronk S. F., Gores G. J., Kupffer cell engulfment of apoptotic bodies stimulates death ligand and cytokine expression Hepatology 2003 38 5 1188 1198
159. Matsuoka M., Tsukamoto H., Stimulation of hepatic lipocyte collagen production by Kupffer cell-derived transforming growth factor : implication for a pathogenetic role in alcoholic liver fibrogenesis Hepatology 1990 11 4 599 605
160. Jeong W.-I., Gao B., Innate immunity and alcoholic liver fibrosis Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2008 23 supplement 1 S112 S118
161. Marra F., Aleffi S., Galastri S., Provenzano A., Mononuclear cells in liver fibrosis Seminars in Immunopathology 2009 31 3 345 358
162. Paik Y.-H., Schwabe R. F., Bataller R., Russo M. P., Jobin C., Brenner D. A., Toll-like receptor 4 mediates inflammatory signaling by bacterial lipopolysaccharide in human hepatic stellate cells Hepatology 2003 37 5 1043 1055
163. Seki E., De Minicis S., sterreicher C. H., Kluwe J., Osawa Y., Brenner D. A., Schwabe R. F., TLR4 enhances TGF- signaling and hepatic fibrosis Nature Medicine 2007 13 11 1324 1332
164. Luedde T., Trautwein C., A molecular link between inflammation and fibrogenesis: the bacterial microflora influences hepatic fibrosis via toll-like receptor 4-dependent modification of transforming growth factor-beta signaling in hepatic stellate cells Hepatology 2008 47 3 1089 1091
165. Casey C. A., Nanji A., Cederbaum A. I., Adachi M., Takahashi T., Alcoholic liver disease and apoptosis Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 2001 25 5
166. Hassan M. M., Hwang L.-Y., Hatten C. J., Swaim M., Li D., Abbruzzese J. L., Beasley P., Patt Y. Z., Risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma: synergism of alcohol with viral hepatitis and diabetes mellitus Hepatology 2002 36 5 1206 1213
167. Fattovich G., Stroffolini T., Zagni I., Donato F., Hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis: incidence and risk factors Gastroenterology 2004 127 S35 S50
168. Yuan J.-M., Govindarajan S., Arakawa K., Yu M. C., Synergism of alcohol, diabetes, and viral hepatitis on the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in blacks and whites in the U.S Cancer 2004 101 5 1009 1017
169. Moriya K., Nakagawa K., Santa T., Shintani Y., Fujie H., Miyoshi H., Tsutsumi T., Miyazawa T., Ishibashi K., Horie T., Imai K., Todoroki T., Kimura S., Koike K., Oxidative stress in the absence of inflammation in a mouse model for hepatitis C virus-associated hepatocarcinogenesis Cancer Research 2001 61 11 4365 4370
170. Perlemuter G., Sabile A., Letteron P., Vona G., Topilco A., Chrtien Y., Koike K., Pessayre D., Chapman J., Barba G., Brchot C., Hepatitis C virus core protein inhibits microsomal triglyceride transfer protein activity and very low density lipoprotein secretion: a model of viral-related steatosis FASEB Journal 2002 16 2 185 194
171. Kawaguchi T., Yoshida T., Harada M., Hisamoto T., Nagao Y., Ide T., Taniguchi E., Kumemura H., Hanada S., Maeyama M., Baba S., Koga H., Kumashiro R., Ueno T., Ogata H., Yoshimura A., Sata M., Hepatitis C virus down-regulates insulin receptor substrates 1 and 2 through up-regulation of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 American Journal of Pathology 2004 165 5 1499 1508
172. Machida K., Tsukamoto H., Mkrtchyan H., Duan L., Dynnyk A., Liu H. M., Asahina K., Govindarajan S., Ray R., James J.-H., Seki E., Deshaies R., Miyake K., Lai M. M.-C., Toll-like receptor 4 mediates synergism between alcohol and HCV in hepatic oncogenesis involving stem cell marker Nanog Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2009 106 5 1548 1553
173. Machida K., Liu J., Jeong H., Mishra L., Tsukamoto H., TLR4-dependent Nanog+ cancer stem cells exhibit defective TGF-beta signaling Hepatology 2009 50 supplement A871
174. Koike K., Tsutsumi T., Miyoshi H., Shinzawa S., Shintani Y., Fujie H., Yotsuyanagi H., Moriya K., Molecular basis for the synergy between alcohol and hepatitis C virus in hepatocarcinogenesis Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2008 23 1 S87 S91
175. French S. W., Oliva J., French B. A., Li J., Bardag-Gorce F., Alcohol, nutrition and liver cancer: role of toll-like receptor signaling World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010 16 11 1344 1348
176. Tang Y., Kitisin K., Jogunoori W., Li C., Deng C.-X., Mueller S. C., Ressom H. W., Rashid A., He A. R., Mendelson J. S., Jessup J. M., Shetty K., Zasloff M., Mishra B., Reddy E. P., Johnson L., Mishra L., Progenitor/stem cells give rise to liver cancer due to aberrant TGF- and IL-6 signaling Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2008 105 7 2445 2450