메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 29, Issue C, 1997, Pages 209-269

Self-Evaluation: To Thine Own Self Be Good, To Thine Own Self Be Sure, To Thine Own Self Be True, and To Thine Own Self be Better

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 77956783490     PISSN: 00652601     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60018-0     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (770)

References (394)
  • 2
    • 0023241180 scopus 로고
    • Attributional responses of anxious individuals to different patterns of social feedback: Nothing succeeds like improvement
    • Alden L. Attributional responses of anxious individuals to different patterns of social feedback: Nothing succeeds like improvement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 52 (1987) 100-106
    • (1987) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.52 , pp. 100-106
    • Alden, L.1
  • 3
    • 0000691387 scopus 로고
    • Global self-evaluation as determined by the desirability and controllability of trait adjectives
    • Alicke M.D. Global self-evaluation as determined by the desirability and controllability of trait adjectives. Journals of Personality and Social Psychology 49 (1985) 1621-1630
    • (1985) Journals of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.49 , pp. 1621-1630
    • Alicke, M.D.1
  • 5
    • 0000616283 scopus 로고
    • ON being better but not smarter than others: The Muhammad Ali effect
    • Allison S.T., Messick D.M., and Goethals G.R. ON being better but not smarter than others: The Muhammad Ali effect. Social Cognition 7 (1989) 275-296
    • (1989) Social Cognition , vol.7 , pp. 275-296
    • Allison, S.T.1    Messick, D.M.2    Goethals, G.R.3
  • 6
    • 0018599455 scopus 로고
    • Judgment of contingency in depressed and nondepressed students: Sadder but wiser
    • Alloy L.B., and Abramson L.Y. Judgment of contingency in depressed and nondepressed students: Sadder but wiser. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 108 (1979) 449-485
    • (1979) Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , vol.108 , pp. 449-485
    • Alloy, L.B.1    Abramson, L.Y.2
  • 7
    • 0024618229 scopus 로고
    • The hardy personality: Cognitive and physiological responses to evaluative threat
    • Allred K.D., and Smith T.W. The hardy personality: Cognitive and physiological responses to evaluative threat. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 56 (1989) 257-266
    • (1989) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.56 , pp. 257-266
    • Allred, K.D.1    Smith, T.W.2
  • 9
    • 0001537318 scopus 로고
    • Inoculation and counterexplanation: Debiasing techniques in the perseverance of social theories
    • Anderson C.A. Inoculation and counterexplanation: Debiasing techniques in the perseverance of social theories. Social Cognition 1 (1982) 126-139
    • (1982) Social Cognition , vol.1 , pp. 126-139
    • Anderson, C.A.1
  • 10
    • 0001996977 scopus 로고
    • Effects of explanation and counterexplanation on the development and use of social theories
    • Anderson C.A., and Sechler E.S. Effects of explanation and counterexplanation on the development and use of social theories. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 50 (1986) 24-34
    • (1986) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.50 , pp. 24-34
    • Anderson, C.A.1    Sechler, E.S.2
  • 12
    • 0001868888 scopus 로고
    • Self-handicapping
    • Harvey J.H., and Weary G. (Eds), Academic Press, San Diego, CA
    • Arkin R.M., and Baumgardner A.H. Self-handicapping. In: Harvey J.H., and Weary G. (Eds). Attribution: Basic issues and applications (1985), Academic Press, San Diego, CA 169-202
    • (1985) Attribution: Basic issues and applications , pp. 169-202
    • Arkin, R.M.1    Baumgardner, A.H.2
  • 13
    • 84985238588 scopus 로고
    • A statistical review of the literature concerning the self-serving attribution bias in interpersonal influence situations
    • Arkin R., Cooper H., and Kolditz T. A statistical review of the literature concerning the self-serving attribution bias in interpersonal influence situations. Journal of Personality 48 (1980) 435-448
    • (1980) Journal of Personality , vol.48 , pp. 435-448
    • Arkin, R.1    Cooper, H.2    Kolditz, T.3
  • 14
    • 77956808301 scopus 로고
    • A theory of cognitive dissonance: A current perspective
    • Berkowitz L. (Ed), Academic Press, New York
    • Aronson E. A theory of cognitive dissonance: A current perspective. In: Berkowitz L. (Ed). Advances in experimental social psychology 4 (1969), Academic Press, New York 1-34
    • (1969) Advances in experimental social psychology , vol.4 , pp. 1-34
    • Aronson, E.1
  • 16
    • 77957068119 scopus 로고
    • The self: A dialectical approach
    • Berkowitz L. (Ed), Academic Press, New York
    • Backman C.W. The self: A dialectical approach. In: Berkowitz L. (Ed). Advances in experimental social psychology 21 (1988), Academic Press, New York 229-260
    • (1988) Advances in experimental social psychology , vol.21 , pp. 229-260
    • Backman, C.W.1
  • 18
    • 0025583748 scopus 로고
    • Self-regulation of motivation through anticipatory and self-reactive mechanisms
    • Dienstbier R. (Ed), University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln
    • Bandura A. Self-regulation of motivation through anticipatory and self-reactive mechanisms. In: Dienstbier R. (Ed). Nebraska Symposium on Motivation 38 (1991), University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln 69-164
    • (1991) Nebraska Symposium on Motivation , vol.38 , pp. 69-164
    • Bandura, A.1
  • 19
    • 34248459078 scopus 로고
    • A self-presentational view of social phenomena
    • Baumeister R.F. A self-presentational view of social phenomena. Psychological Bulletin 91 (1982) 3-26
    • (1982) Psychological Bulletin , vol.91 , pp. 3-26
    • Baumeister, R.F.1
  • 23
    • 0026862679 scopus 로고
    • Repression and self-presentation: When audiences interfere with self-deceptive strategies
    • Baumeister R.F., and Cairns K.J. Repression and self-presentation: When audiences interfere with self-deceptive strategies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 62 (1992) 851-862
    • (1992) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.62 , pp. 851-862
    • Baumeister, R.F.1    Cairns, K.J.2
  • 25
    • 11144257158 scopus 로고
    • When self-presentation is constrained by the target's knowledge: Consistency and compensation
    • Baumeister R.F., and Jones E.E. When self-presentation is constrained by the target's knowledge: Consistency and compensation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 36 (1978) 608-618
    • (1978) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.36 , pp. 608-618
    • Baumeister, R.F.1    Jones, E.E.2
  • 26
    • 0024040186 scopus 로고
    • Self-defeating behavior patterns among normal individuals: Review and analysis of common self-destructive tendencies
    • Baumeister R.F., and Scher S.J. Self-defeating behavior patterns among normal individuals: Review and analysis of common self-destructive tendencies. Psychological Bulletin 104 (1988) 3-22
    • (1988) Psychological Bulletin , vol.104 , pp. 3-22
    • Baumeister, R.F.1    Scher, S.J.2
  • 27
    • 0029690788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relation of threatened egotism to violence and aggression: The dark side of high self-esteem
    • Baumeister R.F., Smart L., and Boden J.M. Relation of threatened egotism to violence and aggression: The dark side of high self-esteem. Psychological Review 103 (1996) 5-33
    • (1996) Psychological Review , vol.103 , pp. 5-33
    • Baumeister, R.F.1    Smart, L.2    Boden, J.M.3
  • 28
    • 84985258646 scopus 로고
    • Self-presentational motivations and personality differences in self-esteem
    • Baumeister R.F., Tice D.M., and Hutton D.G. Self-presentational motivations and personality differences in self-esteem. Journal of Personality 57 (1989) 547-579
    • (1989) Journal of Personality , vol.57 , pp. 547-579
    • Baumeister, R.F.1    Tice, D.M.2    Hutton, D.G.3
  • 29
    • 0025441966 scopus 로고
    • To know oneself is to like oneself: Self-certainty and self-affect
    • Baumgardner A.H. To know oneself is to like oneself: Self-certainty and self-affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 58 (1990) 1062-1072
    • (1990) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.58 , pp. 1062-1072
    • Baumgardner, A.H.1
  • 33
    • 0001529490 scopus 로고
    • On the social nature of nonsocial perception: The mere ownership effect
    • Beggan J.K. On the social nature of nonsocial perception: The mere ownership effect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 62 (1992) 229-237
    • (1992) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.62 , pp. 229-237
    • Beggan, J.K.1
  • 34
    • 0017957104 scopus 로고
    • Drug choice as a self-handicapping strategy in response to noncontingent success
    • Berglas S., and Jones E.E. Drug choice as a self-handicapping strategy in response to noncontingent success. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 36 (1978) 405-417
    • (1978) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.36 , pp. 405-417
    • Berglas, S.1    Jones, E.E.2
  • 35
    • 21344492683 scopus 로고
    • Positive illusions and well-being revisited: Separating fiction from fact
    • Block J., and Colvin C.R. Positive illusions and well-being revisited: Separating fiction from fact. Psychological Bulletin 116 (1994) 28
    • (1994) Psychological Bulletin , vol.116 , pp. 28
    • Block, J.1    Colvin, C.R.2
  • 36
  • 37
    • 0001865571 scopus 로고
    • Self-serving biases in the attribution process: A reexamination of the fact or fiction question
    • Bradley G.W. Self-serving biases in the attribution process: A reexamination of the fact or fiction question. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 36 (1978) 56-71
    • (1978) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.36 , pp. 56-71
    • Bradley, G.W.1
  • 39
    • 21144464269 scopus 로고
    • Uncertainty orientation and protection motivation theory: The role of individual differences in health compliance
    • Brouwers M.C., and Sorrentino R.M. Uncertainty orientation and protection motivation theory: The role of individual differences in health compliance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 65 (1993) 102-112
    • (1993) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.65 , pp. 102-112
    • Brouwers, M.C.1    Sorrentino, R.M.2
  • 40
    • 0001020397 scopus 로고
    • Evaluations of self and others: Self-enhancement biases in social judgments
    • Brown J.D. Evaluations of self and others: Self-enhancement biases in social judgments. Social Cognition 4 (1986) 353-376
    • (1986) Social Cognition , vol.4 , pp. 353-376
    • Brown, J.D.1
  • 41
    • 0041072015 scopus 로고
    • Evaluating one's abilities: Shortcuts and stumbling blocks on the road to self-knowledge
    • Brown J.D. Evaluating one's abilities: Shortcuts and stumbling blocks on the road to self-knowledge. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 26 (1990) 149-167
    • (1990) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.26 , pp. 149-167
    • Brown, J.D.1
  • 42
    • 0000639901 scopus 로고
    • Accuracy and bias in self-knowledge
    • Snyder C.R., and Forsyth D.F. (Eds), Pergamon Press, New York
    • Brown J.D. Accuracy and bias in self-knowledge. In: Snyder C.R., and Forsyth D.F. (Eds). Handbook of social and clinical psychology: The health perspective (1991), Pergamon Press, New York 158-178
    • (1991) Handbook of social and clinical psychology: The health perspective , pp. 158-178
    • Brown, J.D.1
  • 44
    • 21344453421 scopus 로고
    • Truth and consequences: The costs and benefits of accurate self-knowledge
    • Brown J.D., and Dutton K.A. Truth and consequences: The costs and benefits of accurate self-knowledge. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 21 (1995) 1288-1296
    • (1995) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.21 , pp. 1288-1296
    • Brown, J.D.1    Dutton, K.A.2
  • 45
    • 38249013926 scopus 로고
    • Coming to terms with failure: Private self-enhancement and public self-effacement
    • Brown J.D., and Gallagher F.M. Coming to terms with failure: Private self-enhancement and public self-effacement. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 28 (1992) 3-22
    • (1992) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.28 , pp. 3-22
    • Brown, J.D.1    Gallagher, F.M.2
  • 46
    • 0001321577 scopus 로고
    • The self and social conduct: Linking self-representations to prosocial behavior
    • Brown J.D., and Smart S.A. The self and social conduct: Linking self-representations to prosocial behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 60 (1991) 368-375
    • (1991) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.60 , pp. 368-375
    • Brown, J.D.1    Smart, S.A.2
  • 47
    • 0030076618 scopus 로고
    • Effects of failure and subsequent performance: The importance of self-defining goals
    • Brunstein J.C., and Gollwitzer P.M. Effects of failure and subsequent performance: The importance of self-defining goals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 70 (1995) 395-407
    • (1995) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.70 , pp. 395-407
    • Brunstein, J.C.1    Gollwitzer, P.M.2
  • 48
    • 0018498333 scopus 로고
    • Effects of difficulty and diagnosticity on choice among tasks in relation to achievement motivation and perceived ability
    • Buckert U., Meyer W., and Schmalt H. Effects of difficulty and diagnosticity on choice among tasks in relation to achievement motivation and perceived ability. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 37 (1979) 1172-1178
    • (1979) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.37 , pp. 1172-1178
    • Buckert, U.1    Meyer, W.2    Schmalt, H.3
  • 49
    • 21844497186 scopus 로고
    • Exploring the "planning fallacy": Why people underestimate their task completion times
    • Buehler R., Griffin D., and Ross M. Exploring the "planning fallacy": Why people underestimate their task completion times. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 67 (1994) 366-381
    • (1994) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.67 , pp. 366-381
    • Buehler, R.1    Griffin, D.2    Ross, M.3
  • 50
    • 21144477128 scopus 로고
    • Effects of task- and ego-achievement goals on information seeking during task engagement
    • Butler R. Effects of task- and ego-achievement goals on information seeking during task engagement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 65 (1993) 18-31
    • (1993) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.65 , pp. 18-31
    • Butler, R.1
  • 51
    • 21844492695 scopus 로고
    • Comparison direction and comparison dimension among disabled individuals: Toward a refined conceptualization of social comparison under stress
    • Buunk B.P. Comparison direction and comparison dimension among disabled individuals: Toward a refined conceptualization of social comparison under stress. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 21 (1995) 316-330
    • (1995) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.21 , pp. 316-330
    • Buunk, B.P.1
  • 56
    • 0039635490 scopus 로고
    • Developmental epistemology and self-knowledge: Towards a reinterpretation of self-esteem
    • Greenberg G., and Tobach E. (Eds), Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ
    • Cairns R.B. Developmental epistemology and self-knowledge: Towards a reinterpretation of self-esteem. In: Greenberg G., and Tobach E. (Eds). Theories of the evolution of knowing: The T. C. Schneirla conference series 4 (1990), Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ 69-86
    • (1990) Theories of the evolution of knowing: The T. C. Schneirla conference series , vol.4 , pp. 69-86
    • Cairns, R.B.1
  • 57
    • 77956731475 scopus 로고
    • Self-reflections: An essay and commentary on "Social cognition and the acquisition of self"
    • Cairns R.B., and Cairns B.D. Self-reflections: An essay and commentary on "Social cognition and the acquisition of self". Developmental Review 1 (1981) 171-180
    • (1981) Developmental Review , vol.1 , pp. 171-180
    • Cairns, R.B.1    Cairns, B.D.2
  • 58
    • 0021679215 scopus 로고
    • Predicting aggressive patterns in girls and boys: A developmental study
    • Cairns R.B., and Cairns B.D. Predicting aggressive patterns in girls and boys: A developmental study. Aggressive Behavior 10 (1984) 227-242
    • (1984) Aggressive Behavior , vol.10 , pp. 227-242
    • Cairns, R.B.1    Cairns, B.D.2
  • 59
    • 0022671220 scopus 로고
    • Similarity and uniqueness: The effects of attribute type, relevance, and individual differences in self-esteem and depression
    • Campbell J.D. Similarity and uniqueness: The effects of attribute type, relevance, and individual differences in self-esteem and depression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 50 (1986) 281-294
    • (1986) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.50 , pp. 281-294
    • Campbell, J.D.1
  • 61
    • 0002759098 scopus 로고
    • Defensive pessimism and stress and coping
    • Cantor N., and Norem J.K. Defensive pessimism and stress and coping. Social Cognition 7 (1989) 92-112
    • (1989) Social Cognition , vol.7 , pp. 92-112
    • Cantor, N.1    Norem, J.K.2
  • 62
    • 84972637620 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for a life-span theory of socioemotional selectivity
    • Carstensen L.L. Evidence for a life-span theory of socioemotional selectivity. Current Directions in Psychological Science 4 (1995) 151-156
    • (1995) Current Directions in Psychological Science , vol.4 , pp. 151-156
    • Carstensen, L.L.1
  • 64
    • 58149422722 scopus 로고
    • Self-consistency as a factor affecting immediate recall
    • Cartwright D. Self-consistency as a factor affecting immediate recall. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 52 (1956) 212-219
    • (1956) Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology , vol.52 , pp. 212-219
    • Cartwright, D.1
  • 65
    • 9244241722 scopus 로고
    • Mood, self-efficacy, and performance standards: Lower moods induce higher standards for performance
    • Cervone D., Kopp D.A., Schaumann L., and Scott W.D. Mood, self-efficacy, and performance standards: Lower moods induce higher standards for performance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 67 (1994) 499-512
    • (1994) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.67 , pp. 499-512
    • Cervone, D.1    Kopp, D.A.2    Schaumann, L.3    Scott, W.D.4
  • 69
    • 21844523370 scopus 로고
    • Preference for consistency: The development of a valid measure and the discovery of surprising behavioral implications
    • Cialdini R.B., Trost M.R., and Newsom J.T. Preference for consistency: The development of a valid measure and the discovery of surprising behavioral implications. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 69 (1995) 318-328
    • (1995) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.69 , pp. 318-328
    • Cialdini, R.B.1    Trost, M.R.2    Newsom, J.T.3
  • 70
    • 0026298775 scopus 로고
    • Asymmetry of doubt in medical self-diagnosis: The ambiguity of uncertain wellness
    • Cioffi D. Asymmetry of doubt in medical self-diagnosis: The ambiguity of uncertain wellness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 61 (1991) 969-980
    • (1991) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.61 , pp. 969-980
    • Cioffi, D.1
  • 71
    • 84984458661 scopus 로고
    • ON the so-called "superior conformity of self" behavior: Twenty experimental investigations
    • Codol J.P. ON the so-called "superior conformity of self" behavior: Twenty experimental investigations. European Journal of Social Psychology 5 (1975) 457-501
    • (1975) European Journal of Social Psychology , vol.5 , pp. 457-501
    • Codol, J.P.1
  • 72
    • 0040081797 scopus 로고
    • College Board, Educational Testing Service, Princeton, NJ
    • College Board. Student descriptive questionnaire 1 (1976), Educational Testing Service, Princeton, NJ
    • (1976) Student descriptive questionnaire , vol.1
  • 73
    • 84893342420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • For better or worse: The impact of upward social comparison on self-evaluations
    • Collins R.L. For better or worse: The impact of upward social comparison on self-evaluations. Psychological Bulletin 119 (1996) 51-69
    • (1996) Psychological Bulletin , vol.119 , pp. 51-69
    • Collins, R.L.1
  • 74
    • 0028469959 scopus 로고
    • Do positive illusions foster mental health? An examination of the Taylor and Brown formulations
    • Colvin C.R., and Block J. Do positive illusions foster mental health? An examination of the Taylor and Brown formulations. Psychological Bulletin 116 (1994) 3-20
    • (1994) Psychological Bulletin , vol.116 , pp. 3-20
    • Colvin, C.R.1    Block, J.2
  • 75
    • 0029319828 scopus 로고
    • Overly positive self-evaluations and personality: Negative implications for mental health
    • Colvin C.R., Block J., and Funder D.C. Overly positive self-evaluations and personality: Negative implications for mental health. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 68 (1994) 1152-1162
    • (1994) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.68 , pp. 1152-1162
    • Colvin, C.R.1    Block, J.2    Funder, D.C.3
  • 78
    • 0020851197 scopus 로고
    • The role of cognition in depression: A critical appraisal
    • Coyne J.C., and Gotlib I.H. The role of cognition in depression: A critical appraisal. Psychological Bulletin 94 (1983) 472-505
    • (1983) Psychological Bulletin , vol.94 , pp. 472-505
    • Coyne, J.C.1    Gotlib, I.H.2
  • 79
    • 0013920140 scopus 로고
    • Reactions to incongruent self-experiences
    • Crary W.G. Reactions to incongruent self-experiences. Journal of Consulting Psychology 30 (1966) 246-252
    • (1966) Journal of Consulting Psychology , vol.30 , pp. 246-252
    • Crary, W.G.1
  • 81
    • 0002422047 scopus 로고
    • Not can but will college teaching be improved
    • Cross P. Not can but will college teaching be improved. New Directions for Higher Education 17 (1977) 1-15
    • (1977) New Directions for Higher Education , vol.17 , pp. 1-15
    • Cross, P.1
  • 82
    • 0000926143 scopus 로고
    • Believing another likes or dislikes you: Behavior making the beliefs come true
    • Curtis R.C., and Miller K. Believing another likes or dislikes you: Behavior making the beliefs come true. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 51 (1986) 284-290
    • (1986) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.51 , pp. 284-290
    • Curtis, R.C.1    Miller, K.2
  • 83
    • 0025423919 scopus 로고
    • Why the self is empty: Toward a historically situated psychology
    • Cushman P. Why the self is empty: Toward a historically situated psychology. American Psychologist 45 (1990) 599-611
    • (1990) American Psychologist , vol.45 , pp. 599-611
    • Cushman, P.1
  • 84
    • 0001624750 scopus 로고
    • Repression and the inaccessibility of affect memories
    • Davis P. Repression and the inaccessibility of affect memories. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 53 (1987) 585-593
    • (1987) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.53 , pp. 585-593
    • Davis, P.1
  • 86
    • 0003012572 scopus 로고
    • Caught in the crossfire: Positivity and self-verification strivings among people with low self-esteem
    • Baumeister R. (Ed), Plenum, New York
    • De La Ronde C., and Swann Jr. W.B. Caught in the crossfire: Positivity and self-verification strivings among people with low self-esteem. In: Baumeister R. (Ed). Selfesteem: The puzzle of low self-regard (1993), Plenum, New York 147-165
    • (1993) Selfesteem: The puzzle of low self-regard , pp. 147-165
    • De La Ronde, C.1    Swann Jr., W.B.2
  • 87
    • 0030117558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-handicapping and intrinsic motivation: Buffering intrinsic motivation from the threat of failure
    • Deppe R.K., and Harackiewicz J.M. Self-handicapping and intrinsic motivation: Buffering intrinsic motivation from the threat of failure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 70 (1996) 868-876
    • (1996) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.70 , pp. 868-876
    • Deppe, R.K.1    Harackiewicz, J.M.2
  • 90
    • 58149206254 scopus 로고
    • Motivated skepticism: Use of differential decision criteria for preferred and nonpreferred conclusions
    • Ditto P.H., and Lopez D.F. Motivated skepticism: Use of differential decision criteria for preferred and nonpreferred conclusions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 63 (1992) 568-584
    • (1992) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.63 , pp. 568-584
    • Ditto, P.H.1    Lopez, D.F.2
  • 93
    • 21344456684 scopus 로고
    • Trait importance and modifiability as factors influencing self-assessment and self-enhancement motives
    • Dunning D. Trait importance and modifiability as factors influencing self-assessment and self-enhancement motives. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 21 (1995) 1297-1306
    • (1995) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.21 , pp. 1297-1306
    • Dunning, D.1
  • 95
    • 50849132649 scopus 로고
    • A new look at motivated inference: Are self-serving theories of success a product of motivational forces
    • Dunning D., Leuenberger A., and Sherman D.A. A new look at motivated inference: Are self-serving theories of success a product of motivational forces. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 69 (1995) 58-68
    • (1995) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.69 , pp. 58-68
    • Dunning, D.1    Leuenberger, A.2    Sherman, D.A.3
  • 96
    • 0000888467 scopus 로고
    • Ambiguity and self-evaluation: The role of idiosyncratic trait definitions in self-serving assessments of ability
    • Dunning D., Meyerowitz J.A., and Holzberg A.D. Ambiguity and self-evaluation: The role of idiosyncratic trait definitions in self-serving assessments of ability. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 57 (1989) 1082-1090
    • (1989) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.57 , pp. 1082-1090
    • Dunning, D.1    Meyerowitz, J.A.2    Holzberg, A.D.3
  • 97
    • 0029304388 scopus 로고
    • Idiosyncratic trait definitions: Implications for self-description and social judgment
    • Dunning D., and McElwee R.O. Idiosyncratic trait definitions: Implications for self-description and social judgment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 68 (1995) 936-946
    • (1995) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.68 , pp. 936-946
    • Dunning, D.1    McElwee, R.O.2
  • 99
    • 0003019987 scopus 로고
    • Threat of own prejudice and reverse discrimination in interracial situations
    • Dutton D.G., and Lake R.A. Threat of own prejudice and reverse discrimination in interracial situations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 28 (1973) 94-100
    • (1973) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.28 , pp. 94-100
    • Dutton, D.G.1    Lake, R.A.2
  • 100
    • 58149372679 scopus 로고
    • A social-cognitive approach to motivation and personality
    • Dweck C.S., and Leggett E.L. A social-cognitive approach to motivation and personality. Psychological Review 93 (1988) 256-273
    • (1988) Psychological Review , vol.93 , pp. 256-273
    • Dweck, C.S.1    Leggett, E.L.2
  • 102
    • 0000492369 scopus 로고
    • Winning is not enough: The effects of competition and achievement orientation on intrinsic interest
    • Epstein J.A., and Harackiewicz J.M. Winning is not enough: The effects of competition and achievement orientation on intrinsic interest. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 18 (1992) 128-138
    • (1992) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.18 , pp. 128-138
    • Epstein, J.A.1    Harackiewicz, J.M.2
  • 103
    • 0028489329 scopus 로고
    • Integration of the cognitive and the psychodynamic unconscious
    • Epstein S. Integration of the cognitive and the psychodynamic unconscious. American Psychologist 49 (1994) 709-724
    • (1994) American Psychologist , vol.49 , pp. 709-724
    • Epstein, S.1
  • 104
    • 11944256389 scopus 로고
    • Good-looking people are not what we think
    • Feingold A. Good-looking people are not what we think. Psychological Bulletin 111 (1992) 304-341
    • (1992) Psychological Bulletin , vol.111 , pp. 304-341
    • Feingold, A.1
  • 105
    • 84925931650 scopus 로고
    • Ambiguity and bias in the self-concept
    • Felson R.B. Ambiguity and bias in the self-concept. Social Psychology Quarterly 44 (1981) 64-69
    • (1981) Social Psychology Quarterly , vol.44 , pp. 64-69
    • Felson, R.B.1
  • 106
    • 4644234910 scopus 로고
    • A theory of social comparison processes
    • Festinger L. A theory of social comparison processes. Human Relations 2 (1954) 117-140
    • (1954) Human Relations , vol.2 , pp. 117-140
    • Festinger, L.1
  • 109
    • 84985810577 scopus 로고
    • Briefly induced belongingness to self and preference
    • Feys J. Briefly induced belongingness to self and preference. European Journal of Social Psychology 21 (1991) 547-552
    • (1991) European Journal of Social Psychology , vol.21 , pp. 547-552
    • Feys, J.1
  • 112
    • 0000721892 scopus 로고
    • The effects of personal control, competence, and extrinsic reward systems on intrinsic motivation
    • Fisher C.D. The effects of personal control, competence, and extrinsic reward systems on intrinsic motivation. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance 21 (1978) 273-288
    • (1978) Organizational Behavior and Human Performance , vol.21 , pp. 273-288
    • Fisher, C.D.1
  • 113
    • 0029282955 scopus 로고
    • Does hardiness contribute to mental health during a stressful real-life situation? The roles of appraisal and coping
    • Florian V., Mikulincer M., and Taubman O. Does hardiness contribute to mental health during a stressful real-life situation? The roles of appraisal and coping. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 68 (1995) 687-695
    • (1995) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.68 , pp. 687-695
    • Florian, V.1    Mikulincer, M.2    Taubman, O.3
  • 115
    • 0025487454 scopus 로고
    • Choosing social partners: How old age and anticipated endings make people more selective
    • Fredrickson B.L., and Carstensen L.L. Choosing social partners: How old age and anticipated endings make people more selective. Psychology and Aging 5 (1990) 335-347
    • (1990) Psychology and Aging , vol.5 , pp. 335-347
    • Fredrickson, B.L.1    Carstensen, L.L.2
  • 117
    • 0001107731 scopus 로고
    • Reactions to success and failure in public and private conditions
    • Frey D. Reactions to success and failure in public and private conditions. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 17 (1978) 172-179
    • (1978) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.17 , pp. 172-179
    • Frey, D.1
  • 118
    • 0002991560 scopus 로고
    • The effect of negative feedback about oneself and cost of information on preferences for information about the source of this feedback
    • Frey D. The effect of negative feedback about oneself and cost of information on preferences for information about the source of this feedback. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 17 (1981) 42-50
    • (1981) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.17 , pp. 42-50
    • Frey, D.1
  • 119
    • 0000251564 scopus 로고
    • Selection of information after receiving more or less reliable self-threatening information
    • Frey D., and Stahlberg D. Selection of information after receiving more or less reliable self-threatening information. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 12 (1986) 434-441
    • (1986) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.12 , pp. 434-441
    • Frey, D.1    Stahlberg, D.2
  • 120
    • 0012797323 scopus 로고
    • From self to science: What is there to know
    • Suls J. (Ed), Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ
    • Gergen K.J. From self to science: What is there to know. In: Suls J. (Ed). Psychological perspectives on the self 1 (1982), Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ 129-149
    • (1982) Psychological perspectives on the self , vol.1 , pp. 129-149
    • Gergen, K.J.1
  • 122
    • 0000830407 scopus 로고
    • Self-esteem, similarity, and reactions to active versus passive downward comparison
    • Gibbons F.X., and McCoy S.B. Self-esteem, similarity, and reactions to active versus passive downward comparison. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 60 (1991) 414-424
    • (1991) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.60 , pp. 414-424
    • Gibbons, F.X.1    McCoy, S.B.2
  • 125
    • 0004568174 scopus 로고
    • Children's understanding of verbal and facial display rules
    • Gnepp J., and Hess D.L.R. Children's understanding of verbal and facial display rules. Developmental Psychology 22 (1986) 103-108
    • (1986) Developmental Psychology , vol.22 , pp. 103-108
    • Gnepp, J.1    Hess, D.L.R.2
  • 130
    • 0001538152 scopus 로고
    • Compensatory self-inflation: A response to the threat to self-regard of public failure
    • Greenberg J., and Pyszczynski T. Compensatory self-inflation: A response to the threat to self-regard of public failure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 49 (1985) 273-280
    • (1985) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.49 , pp. 273-280
    • Greenberg, J.1    Pyszczynski, T.2
  • 131
    • 58149410130 scopus 로고
    • The totalitarian ego: Fabrication and revision of personal history
    • Greenwald A.G. The totalitarian ego: Fabrication and revision of personal history. American Psychologist 35 (1980) 603-618
    • (1980) American Psychologist , vol.35 , pp. 603-618
    • Greenwald, A.G.1
  • 132
    • 0002272417 scopus 로고
    • To whom is the self presented
    • Schlenker B.R. (Ed), McGraw-Hill, New York
    • Greenwald A.G., and Breckler S.J. To whom is the self presented. In: Schlenker B.R. (Ed). The self and social life (1985), McGraw-Hill, New York 126-145
    • (1985) The self and social life , pp. 126-145
    • Greenwald, A.G.1    Breckler, S.J.2
  • 133
    • 0042612875 scopus 로고
    • Poster presented at the biennial meetings of the Society for Research in Child Development Kansas City, MO
    • D. Gross Young children's understanding of misleading emotional displays 1989 Poster presented at the biennial meetings of the Society for Research in Child Development Kansas City, MO.
    • (1989) Young children's understanding of misleading emotional displays
    • Gross, D.1
  • 134
    • 0003125425 scopus 로고
    • Choice of comparison persons in evaluating oneself
    • Suls J., and Miller R.L. (Eds), Hemisphere, New York
    • Gruder C. Choice of comparison persons in evaluating oneself. In: Suls J., and Miller R.L. (Eds). Social comparison processes: Theoretical and empirical perspectives (1977), Hemisphere, New York 21-42
    • (1977) Social comparison processes: Theoretical and empirical perspectives , pp. 21-42
    • Gruder, C.1
  • 137
    • 0017172290 scopus 로고
    • Effects of source status and message favorability on acceptance of personality feedback
    • Halperin K., Snyder C.R., Shenkel R.J., and Houston B.K. Effects of source status and message favorability on acceptance of personality feedback. Journal of Applied Psychology 61 (1976) 85-88
    • (1976) Journal of Applied Psychology , vol.61 , pp. 85-88
    • Halperin, K.1    Snyder, C.R.2    Shenkel, R.J.3    Houston, B.K.4
  • 138
  • 139
    • 0001407849 scopus 로고
    • A contextual model of the Japanese: Toward a methodological innovation in Japanese studies
    • Hamaguchi E. A contextual model of the Japanese: Toward a methodological innovation in Japanese studies. Journal of Japanese Studies 11 (1985) 289-321
    • (1985) Journal of Japanese Studies , vol.11 , pp. 289-321
    • Hamaguchi, E.1
  • 140
    • 0024121191 scopus 로고
    • Repression of emotionally tagged memories: The architecture of less complex emotions
    • Hansen R.D., and Hansen C.H. Repression of emotionally tagged memories: The architecture of less complex emotions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 55 (1988) 811-818
    • (1988) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.55 , pp. 811-818
    • Hansen, R.D.1    Hansen, C.H.2
  • 141
    • 0000338758 scopus 로고
    • A process analysis of the effects of performance-contingent rewards on intrinsic motivation
    • Harackiewicz J.M., and Manderlink G. A process analysis of the effects of performance-contingent rewards on intrinsic motivation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 20 (1984) 531-551
    • (1984) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.20 , pp. 531-551
    • Harackiewicz, J.M.1    Manderlink, G.2
  • 142
    • 0013500185 scopus 로고
    • Competence processes and achievement motivation: Implications for intrinsic motivation
    • Boggiano A.K., and Pittman T.S. (Eds), Cambridge University Press, New York
    • Harackiewicz J., Manderlink G., and Sansone C. Competence processes and achievement motivation: Implications for intrinsic motivation. In: Boggiano A.K., and Pittman T.S. (Eds). Achievement and motivation: A social-developmental perspective (1992), Cambridge University Press, New York 115-137
    • (1992) Achievement and motivation: A social-developmental perspective , pp. 115-137
    • Harackiewicz, J.1    Manderlink, G.2    Sansone, C.3
  • 143
    • 0029355191 scopus 로고
    • To whom do people turn when things go poorly? Task orientation and functional social contacts
    • Harlow R.E., and Cantor N. To whom do people turn when things go poorly? Task orientation and functional social contacts. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 69 (1995) 329-340
    • (1995) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.69 , pp. 329-340
    • Harlow, R.E.1    Cantor, N.2
  • 145
    • 21844500473 scopus 로고
    • Cultural variation in unrealistic optimism: Does the west feel more invulnerable than the east
    • Heine S.J., and Lehman D.R. Cultural variation in unrealistic optimism: Does the west feel more invulnerable than the east. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 68 (1995) 595-607
    • (1995) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.68 , pp. 595-607
    • Heine, S.J.1    Lehman, D.R.2
  • 147
    • 0000495689 scopus 로고
    • Social comparisons and their affective consequences: The importance of comparison dimension and individual difference variables
    • Hemphill K.J., and Lehman D.R. Social comparisons and their affective consequences: The importance of comparison dimension and individual difference variables. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 10 (1991) 372-394
    • (1991) Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology , vol.10 , pp. 372-394
    • Hemphill, K.J.1    Lehman, D.R.2
  • 148
    • 0000758772 scopus 로고
    • Development of self-regulatory and self-evaluative processes: Costs, benefits, and tradeoffs
    • Gunnar M.R., and Sroufe L.A. (Eds), Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ
    • Higgins E.T. Development of self-regulatory and self-evaluative processes: Costs, benefits, and tradeoffs. In: Gunnar M.R., and Sroufe L.A. (Eds). Self-processes and development: The Minnesota symposium on child development 23 (1991), Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ 125-165
    • (1991) Self-processes and development: The Minnesota symposium on child development , vol.23 , pp. 125-165
    • Higgins, E.T.1
  • 151
    • 85046519819 scopus 로고
    • When does introspection bear fruit? Self-reflection, self-insight, and interpersonal choices
    • Hixon J.G., and Swann Jr. W.B. When does introspection bear fruit? Self-reflection, self-insight, and interpersonal choices. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 64 (1993) 35-43
    • (1993) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.64 , pp. 35-43
    • Hixon, J.G.1    Swann Jr., W.B.2
  • 153
    • 0009247036 scopus 로고
    • Overvaluation of own attributes: Mere ownership or subjective frequency
    • Hoorens V., and Nuttin J.M. Overvaluation of own attributes: Mere ownership or subjective frequency. Social Cognition 11 (1993) 177-200
    • (1993) Social Cognition , vol.11 , pp. 177-200
    • Hoorens, V.1    Nuttin, J.M.2
  • 154
    • 0010931673 scopus 로고
    • Self-evaluation maintenance processes in friend choice and school performance
    • Isozaki M., and Takahushi S. Self-evaluation maintenance processes in friend choice and school performance. Japanese Journal of Psychology 59 (1988) 113-119
    • (1988) Japanese Journal of Psychology , vol.59 , pp. 113-119
    • Isozaki, M.1    Takahushi, S.2
  • 158
    • 0000052757 scopus 로고
    • Coping with traumatic events: The role of denial in light of people's assumptive worlds
    • Snyder C.R., and Ford C.E. (Eds), Plenum, New York
    • Janoff-Bulman R., and Timko C. Coping with traumatic events: The role of denial in light of people's assumptive worlds. In: Snyder C.R., and Ford C.E. (Eds). Coping with negative life events: Clinical and social psychological perspectives (1987), Plenum, New York 135-159
    • (1987) Coping with negative life events: Clinical and social psychological perspectives , pp. 135-159
    • Janoff-Bulman, R.1    Timko, C.2
  • 159
    • 0028115279 scopus 로고
    • Accuracy and bias in self-perception: Individual differences in self-enhancement and the role of narcissism
    • John O.P., and Robins R.W. Accuracy and bias in self-perception: Individual differences in self-enhancement and the role of narcissism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 66 (1994) 206-219
    • (1994) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.66 , pp. 206-219
    • John, O.P.1    Robins, R.W.2
  • 160
    • 0000782953 scopus 로고
    • Control of attributions about the self through self-handicapping strategies: The appeal of alcohol and the role of underachievement
    • Jones E.E., and Berglas S. Control of attributions about the self through self-handicapping strategies: The appeal of alcohol and the role of underachievement. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 4 (1978) 200-206
    • (1978) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.4 , pp. 200-206
    • Jones, E.E.1    Berglas, S.2
  • 162
    • 0000894869 scopus 로고
    • Toward a general theory of strategic self-presentation
    • Suls J., and Greenwald A.G. (Eds), Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ
    • Jones E.E., and Pittman T.S. Toward a general theory of strategic self-presentation. In: Suls J., and Greenwald A.G. (Eds). Psychological perspectives on the self 1 (1982), Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ 231-262
    • (1982) Psychological perspectives on the self , vol.1 , pp. 231-262
    • Jones, E.E.1    Pittman, T.S.2
  • 164
    • 21844510623 scopus 로고
    • Self-consistency, self-enhancement, and accuracy in reactions to feedback
    • Jussim L., Yen H., and Aiello J.R. Self-consistency, self-enhancement, and accuracy in reactions to feedback. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 31 (1995) 322-356
    • (1995) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.31 , pp. 322-356
    • Jussim, L.1    Yen, H.2    Aiello, J.R.3
  • 165
    • 84965668123 scopus 로고
    • The self-serving bias in attributions as a coping strategy: A cross-cultural study
    • Kashima Y., and Triandis H.C. The self-serving bias in attributions as a coping strategy: A cross-cultural study. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 17 (1986) 83-97
    • (1986) Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology , vol.17 , pp. 83-97
    • Kashima, Y.1    Triandis, H.C.2
  • 166
    • 0002395197 scopus 로고
    • Attribution theory in social psychology
    • Levine D. (Ed), University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln
    • Kelley H.H. Attribution theory in social psychology. In: Levine D. (Ed). Nebraska symposium on motivation. 15 (1967), University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln 192-238
    • (1967) Nebraska symposium on motivation. , vol.15 , pp. 192-238
    • Kelley, H.H.1
  • 167
    • 0002737479 scopus 로고
    • Personality traits and the eye of the beholder: Crossing some traditional philosophical boundaries in the search for consistency in all the people
    • Kenrick D.T., and Stringfield D.O. Personality traits and the eye of the beholder: Crossing some traditional philosophical boundaries in the search for consistency in all the people. Psychological Review 87 (1980) 88-104
    • (1980) Psychological Review , vol.87 , pp. 88-104
    • Kenrick, D.T.1    Stringfield, D.O.2
  • 168
    • 77957026441 scopus 로고
    • Mental representations of the self
    • Berkowitz L. (Ed), Academic Press, New York
    • Kihlstrom J.F., and Cantor N. Mental representations of the self. In: Berkowitz L. (Ed). Advances in experimental social psychology 17 (1984), Academic Press, New York 1-47
    • (1984) Advances in experimental social psychology , vol.17 , pp. 1-47
    • Kihlstrom, J.F.1    Cantor, N.2
  • 169
    • 0001480286 scopus 로고
    • The self as a knowledge structure
    • Wyer Jr. R.S., and Srull T.K. (Eds), Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ
    • Kihlstrom J.F., and Klein S.B. The self as a knowledge structure. In: Wyer Jr. R.S., and Srull T.K. (Eds). Handbook of Social Cognition 1 (1994), Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ 153-208
    • (1994) Handbook of Social Cognition , vol.1 , pp. 153-208
    • Kihlstrom, J.F.1    Klein, S.B.2
  • 172
    • 21344496151 scopus 로고
    • Maintaining self-serving social comparisons: Biased reconstruction of one's past behaviors
    • Klein W.M., and Kunda Z. Maintaining self-serving social comparisons: Biased reconstruction of one's past behaviors. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 19 (1993) 732-739
    • (1993) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.19 , pp. 732-739
    • Klein, W.M.1    Kunda, Z.2
  • 173
    • 0001310519 scopus 로고
    • Perspectives on competence motivation
    • Pervin L.A. (Ed), Guilford Press, New York
    • Koestner R., and McClelland D.C. Perspectives on competence motivation. In: Pervin L.A. (Ed). Handbook of personality: Theory and research (1990), Guilford Press, New York 527-548
    • (1990) Handbook of personality: Theory and research , pp. 527-548
    • Koestner, R.1    McClelland, D.C.2
  • 174
    • 0000088908 scopus 로고
    • An impression management interpretation of the self-handicapping strategy
    • Kolditz T.A., and Arkin R.M. An impression management interpretation of the self-handicapping strategy. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 43 (1982) 492-502
    • (1982) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.43 , pp. 492-502
    • Kolditz, T.A.1    Arkin, R.M.2
  • 175
    • 0037596310 scopus 로고
    • Task success, task, popularity, and self-esteem as influences on task liking
    • Korman A.K. Task success, task, popularity, and self-esteem as influences on task liking. Journal of Applied Psychology 52 (1968) 484-490
    • (1968) Journal of Applied Psychology , vol.52 , pp. 484-490
    • Korman, A.K.1
  • 177
    • 0000700281 scopus 로고
    • Self-monitoring and self-protective biases in use of consensus information to predict one's own behavior
    • Krosnick J.A., and Sedikides C. Self-monitoring and self-protective biases in use of consensus information to predict one's own behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 58 (1990) 718-728
    • (1990) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.58 , pp. 718-728
    • Krosnick, J.A.1    Sedikides, C.2
  • 178
    • 0028521012 scopus 로고
    • The truly false consensus effect: An ineradicable and egocentric bias in social perception
    • Krueger J., and Clement R.W. The truly false consensus effect: An ineradicable and egocentric bias in social perception. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 67 (1994) 596-610
    • (1994) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.67 , pp. 596-610
    • Krueger, J.1    Clement, R.W.2
  • 179
    • 0000491242 scopus 로고
    • Motivations for judging and knowing: Implications for causal attribution
    • Higgins E.T., and Sorrentino R.M. (Eds), Guilford Press, New York
    • Kruglanski A.W. Motivations for judging and knowing: Implications for causal attribution. In: Higgins E.T., and Sorrentino R.M. (Eds). Handbook of motivation and cognition: Foundations of social behavior 2 (1990), Guilford Press, New York 333-368
    • (1990) Handbook of motivation and cognition: Foundations of social behavior , vol.2 , pp. 333-368
    • Kruglanski, A.W.1
  • 180
    • 0000946260 scopus 로고
    • Classic and current social comparison research: Expanding the perspective
    • Kruglanski A.W., and Mayseless O. Classic and current social comparison research: Expanding the perspective. Psychological Bulletin 108 (1990) 195-208
    • (1990) Psychological Bulletin , vol.108 , pp. 195-208
    • Kruglanski, A.W.1    Mayseless, O.2
  • 181
    • 0020108536 scopus 로고
    • Depressed and nondepressed content self-reference in mild depression
    • Kuiper N.A., and Derry P.A. Depressed and nondepressed content self-reference in mild depression. Journal of Personality 50 (1982) 67-79
    • (1982) Journal of Personality , vol.50 , pp. 67-79
    • Kuiper, N.A.1    Derry, P.A.2
  • 182
    • 0000588629 scopus 로고
    • Self and other perception in mild depressives
    • Kuiper N.A., and MacDonald M.R. Self and other perception in mild depressives. Social Cognition 1 (1982) 233-239
    • (1982) Social Cognition , vol.1 , pp. 233-239
    • Kuiper, N.A.1    MacDonald, M.R.2
  • 183
    • 0007113211 scopus 로고
    • Self-schema processing of depressed and nondepressed content: The effects of vulnerability on depression
    • Kuiper N.A., Olinger L.J., MacDonald M.R., and Shaw B.F. Self-schema processing of depressed and nondepressed content: The effects of vulnerability on depression. Social Cognition 3 (1985) 77-93
    • (1985) Social Cognition , vol.3 , pp. 77-93
    • Kuiper, N.A.1    Olinger, L.J.2    MacDonald, M.R.3    Shaw, B.F.4
  • 184
    • 0023255222 scopus 로고
    • Health status, perceptions of risk, and prevention interest for health and non health problems
    • Kulik J.A., and Mahler H.I.M. Health status, perceptions of risk, and prevention interest for health and non health problems. Health Psychology 6 (1987) 15-27
    • (1987) Health Psychology , vol.6 , pp. 15-27
    • Kulik, J.A.1    Mahler, H.I.M.2
  • 186
    • 0001442380 scopus 로고
    • Motivated inference: Self-serving generation and evaluation of causal theories
    • Kunda Z. Motivated inference: Self-serving generation and evaluation of causal theories. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 53 (1987) 636-647
    • (1987) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.53 , pp. 636-647
    • Kunda, Z.1
  • 187
    • 0025520005 scopus 로고
    • The case for motivated reasoning
    • Kunda Z. The case for motivated reasoning. Psychological Bulletin 108 (1990) 480-498
    • (1990) Psychological Bulletin , vol.108 , pp. 480-498
    • Kunda, Z.1
  • 189
    • 85047673204 scopus 로고
    • Close emotional relationships in late life: Further support for proactive aging in the social domain
    • Lang F., and Carstensen L.L. Close emotional relationships in late life: Further support for proactive aging in the social domain. Psychology and Aging 9 (1994) 315-324
    • (1994) Psychology and Aging , vol.9 , pp. 315-324
    • Lang, F.1    Carstensen, L.L.2
  • 190
    • 12044259519 scopus 로고
    • Motivational factors in decision theories: The role of self-protection
    • Larrick R.P. Motivational factors in decision theories: The role of self-protection. Psychological Bulletin 113 (1993) 440-450
    • (1993) Psychological Bulletin , vol.113 , pp. 440-450
    • Larrick, R.P.1
  • 191
    • 84986382857 scopus 로고
    • Swine flu: A field study of self-serving biases
    • Larwood L. Swine flu: A field study of self-serving biases. Journal of Applied Social Psychology 18 (1978) 283-289
    • (1978) Journal of Applied Social Psychology , vol.18 , pp. 283-289
    • Larwood, L.1
  • 192
    • 0017596228 scopus 로고
    • Managerial myopia: Self-serving biases in organizational planning
    • Larwood L., and Whittaker W. Managerial myopia: Self-serving biases in organizational planning. Journal of Applied Psychology 62 (1977) 194-198
    • (1977) Journal of Applied Psychology , vol.62 , pp. 194-198
    • Larwood, L.1    Whittaker, W.2
  • 197
    • 0011650562 scopus 로고
    • Acquisition of relative performance information: The roles of intrapersonal and interpersonal comparison
    • Levine J., and Green S. Acquisition of relative performance information: The roles of intrapersonal and interpersonal comparison. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 10 (1984) 385-393
    • (1984) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.10 , pp. 385-393
    • Levine, J.1    Green, S.2
  • 202
  • 203
    • 84970348558 scopus 로고
    • The rhetoric of irrationality
    • Lopes L.L. The rhetoric of irrationality. Theory and Psychology 1 (1991) 65-82
    • (1991) Theory and Psychology , vol.1 , pp. 65-82
    • Lopes, L.L.1
  • 204
    • 85190916586 scopus 로고
    • Responses to upward and downward social comparisons: The impact of self-esteem relevance and perceived control
    • Suls J., and Wills T.A. (Eds), Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ
    • Major B., Testa M., and Bylsma W. Responses to upward and downward social comparisons: The impact of self-esteem relevance and perceived control. In: Suls J., and Wills T.A. (Eds). Social comparison: Contemporary theory and research (1991), Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ 237-260
    • (1991) Social comparison: Contemporary theory and research , pp. 237-260
    • Major, B.1    Testa, M.2    Bylsma, W.3
  • 205
    • 0001217816 scopus 로고
    • Thinking one's abilities are unique and one's opinions are common
    • Marks G. Thinking one's abilities are unique and one's opinions are common. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 10 (1984) 203-208
    • (1984) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.10 , pp. 203-208
    • Marks, G.1
  • 206
    • 58149407452 scopus 로고
    • Self-schemas and processing information about the self
    • Markus H. Self-schemas and processing information about the self. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 35 (1977) 63-78
    • (1977) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.35 , pp. 63-78
    • Markus, H.1
  • 207
    • 84985273115 scopus 로고
    • Self-knowledge: An expanded view
    • Markus H. Self-knowledge: An expanded view. Journal of Personality 51 (1983) 543-565
    • (1983) Journal of Personality , vol.51 , pp. 543-565
    • Markus, H.1
  • 208
    • 12044258070 scopus 로고
    • Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation
    • Markus H., and Kitayama S. Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation. Psychological Review 98 (1991) 224-253
    • (1991) Psychological Review , vol.98 , pp. 224-253
    • Markus, H.1    Kitayama, S.2
  • 210
    • 84958876060 scopus 로고
    • The dynamic self-concept: A social psychological perspective
    • Markus H., and Wurf E. The dynamic self-concept: A social psychological perspective. Annual Review of Psychology 38 (1987) 299-337
    • (1987) Annual Review of Psychology , vol.38 , pp. 299-337
    • Markus, H.1    Wurf, E.2
  • 214
    • 85047686287 scopus 로고
    • Effects of self-esteem and performance feedback on future affect preferences and cognitive expectations
    • McFarlin D.B., and Blascovich J. Effects of self-esteem and performance feedback on future affect preferences and cognitive expectations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 40 (1981) 521-531
    • (1981) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.40 , pp. 521-531
    • McFarlin, D.B.1    Blascovich, J.2
  • 215
    • 0002229265 scopus 로고
    • Search for the self: Going beyond self-esteem and the reactive self
    • Zucker R.A., Aronoff J., and Rabin A.I. (Eds), Academic Press, New York
    • McGuire W.J. Search for the self: Going beyond self-esteem and the reactive self. In: Zucker R.A., Aronoff J., and Rabin A.I. (Eds). Personality and the prediction of behavior (1984), Academic Press, New York 73-120
    • (1984) Personality and the prediction of behavior , pp. 73-120
    • McGuire, W.J.1
  • 216
  • 218
    • 84928219037 scopus 로고
    • Egotism in group members: Public and private attributions of responsibility for group performance
    • Miller R.S., and Schlenker B.R. Egotism in group members: Public and private attributions of responsibility for group performance. Social Psychology Quarterly 48 (1985) 85-89
    • (1985) Social Psychology Quarterly , vol.48 , pp. 85-89
    • Miller, R.S.1    Schlenker, B.R.2
  • 219
    • 0001831460 scopus 로고
    • The avowal of responsibility for good and bad outcomes: The effects of generalized self-serving biases
    • Mirels H.L. The avowal of responsibility for good and bad outcomes: The effects of generalized self-serving biases. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 6 (1980) 299-306
    • (1980) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.6 , pp. 299-306
    • Mirels, H.L.1
  • 222
    • 21344483290 scopus 로고
    • Narcissism and self-evaluation maintenance: Explorations in object relations
    • Morf C.C., and Rhodewalt F. Narcissism and self-evaluation maintenance: Explorations in object relations. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 19 (1993) 668-676
    • (1993) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.19 , pp. 668-676
    • Morf, C.C.1    Rhodewalt, F.2
  • 223
    • 0002351571 scopus 로고
    • Self-serving attributions for performance in naturalistic settings: A meta-analytic review
    • Mullen B., and Riordan C.A. Self-serving attributions for performance in naturalistic settings: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Applied Social Psychology 18 (1988) 3-22
    • (1988) Journal of Applied Social Psychology , vol.18 , pp. 3-22
    • Mullen, B.1    Riordan, C.A.2
  • 224
    • 21144478323 scopus 로고
    • Personal need for structure: Individual differences in the desire for simple structure
    • Neuberg S.L., and Newsom J.T. Personal need for structure: Individual differences in the desire for simple structure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 65 (1993) 113-131
    • (1993) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.65 , pp. 113-131
    • Neuberg, S.L.1    Newsom, J.T.2
  • 226
    • 0011649603 scopus 로고
    • Perceiving the causes of one's own behavior
    • Jones E.E., Kanouse D.E., Kelley H.H., Nisbett R.E., Valins S., and Weiner B. (Eds), General Learning Press, Morristown, NJ
    • Nisbett R.E., and Valins S. Perceiving the causes of one's own behavior. In: Jones E.E., Kanouse D.E., Kelley H.H., Nisbett R.E., Valins S., and Weiner B. (Eds). Attribution: Perceiving the causes of behavior (1972), General Learning Press, Morristown, NJ 63-78
    • (1972) Attribution: Perceiving the causes of behavior , pp. 63-78
    • Nisbett, R.E.1    Valins, S.2
  • 227
    • 0009306018 scopus 로고
    • Improving the performance of failing students by overcoming their self-serving attributional biases
    • Noel J.G., Forsyth D.R., and Kelley K.N. Improving the performance of failing students by overcoming their self-serving attributional biases. Basic and Applied Social Psychology 8 (1987) 151-162
    • (1987) Basic and Applied Social Psychology , vol.8 , pp. 151-162
    • Noel, J.G.1    Forsyth, D.R.2    Kelley, K.N.3
  • 228
    • 0000642667 scopus 로고
    • Anticipatory and post hoc cushioning strategies: Optimism and defensive pessimism in "risky" situations
    • Norem J.K., and Cantor N. Anticipatory and post hoc cushioning strategies: Optimism and defensive pessimism in "risky" situations. Cognitive Therapy and Research 10 (1986) 347-362
    • (1986) Cognitive Therapy and Research , vol.10 , pp. 347-362
    • Norem, J.K.1    Cantor, N.2
  • 231
    • 0025502210 scopus 로고
    • Children's perceptions of self and of relationships with others as a function of sociometric status
    • Patterson C.G., Kupersmidt J.B., and Griesler P.C. Children's perceptions of self and of relationships with others as a function of sociometric status. Child Development 61 (1990) 1335-1349
    • (1990) Child Development , vol.61 , pp. 1335-1349
    • Patterson, C.G.1    Kupersmidt, J.B.2    Griesler, P.C.3
  • 232
    • 0002132103 scopus 로고
    • Bypassing the will: The automatization of affirmations
    • Wegner D.M., and Pennebaker J.M. (Eds), Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ
    • Paulhus D.L. Bypassing the will: The automatization of affirmations. In: Wegner D.M., and Pennebaker J.M. (Eds). Handbook of mental control (1993), Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ 573-587
    • (1993) Handbook of mental control , pp. 573-587
    • Paulhus, D.L.1
  • 233
    • 84928847822 scopus 로고
    • Attentional load increases the positivity of self-presentations
    • Paulhus D.L., Graf P., and Van Selst M. Attentional load increases the positivity of self-presentations. Social Cognition 7 (1989) 389-400
    • (1989) Social Cognition , vol.7 , pp. 389-400
    • Paulhus, D.L.1    Graf, P.2    Van Selst, M.3
  • 234
  • 236
    • 0026234182 scopus 로고
    • On the benefits of misery: Self-serving biases in the depressive self-concept
    • Pelham B.W. On the benefits of misery: Self-serving biases in the depressive self-concept. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 61 (1991) 670-681
    • (1991) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.61 , pp. 670-681
    • Pelham, B.W.1
  • 237
    • 0026148275 scopus 로고
    • On confidence and consequence: The certainty and importance of self-knowledge
    • Pelham B.W. On confidence and consequence: The certainty and importance of self-knowledge. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 60 (1991) 518-530
    • (1991) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.60 , pp. 518-530
    • Pelham, B.W.1
  • 238
    • 0011625541 scopus 로고
    • On the highly positive thoughts of the highly depressed
    • Baumeister R.F. (Ed), Plenum Press, New York
    • Pelham B.W. On the highly positive thoughts of the highly depressed. In: Baumeister R.F. (Ed). Self-esteem: The puzzle of low self-regard (1993), Plenum Press, New York 183-199
    • (1993) Self-esteem: The puzzle of low self-regard , pp. 183-199
    • Pelham, B.W.1
  • 240
    • 77957039954 scopus 로고
    • Toward an integration of cognitive and motivational perspectives on inferential bias: A biased hypothesis-testing model
    • Berkowitz L. (Ed), Academic Press, New York
    • Pyszczynski T., and Greenberg J. Toward an integration of cognitive and motivational perspectives on inferential bias: A biased hypothesis-testing model. In: Berkowitz L. (Ed). Advances in experimental social psychology 20 (1987), Academic Press, New York 297-340
    • (1987) Advances in experimental social psychology , vol.20 , pp. 297-340
    • Pyszczynski, T.1    Greenberg, J.2
  • 241
    • 0000542677 scopus 로고
    • Maintaining consistency between self-serving beliefs and available data: A bias in information evaluation
    • Pyszczynski T., Greenberg J., and Holt K. Maintaining consistency between self-serving beliefs and available data: A bias in information evaluation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 11 (1985) 179-190
    • (1985) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.11 , pp. 179-190
    • Pyszczynski, T.1    Greenberg, J.2    Holt, K.3
  • 242
    • 0000097914 scopus 로고
    • Social comparison after success and failure: Biased search for information consistent with a self-serving conclusion
    • Pyszczynski T., Greenberg J., and LaPrelle J. Social comparison after success and failure: Biased search for information consistent with a self-serving conclusion. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 21 (1985) 195-211
    • (1985) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.21 , pp. 195-211
    • Pyszczynski, T.1    Greenberg, J.2    LaPrelle, J.3
  • 244
    • 0026133149 scopus 로고
    • Narcissism, self-esteem, and defensive self-enhancement
    • Raskin R.N., Novacek J., and Hogan R. Narcissism, self-esteem, and defensive self-enhancement. Journal of Personality 59 (1991) 19-38
    • (1991) Journal of Personality , vol.59 , pp. 19-38
    • Raskin, R.N.1    Novacek, J.2    Hogan, R.3
  • 247
    • 0029692493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elements of the competitive situation that affect intrinsic motivation
    • Reeve J., and Deci E.L. Elements of the competitive situation that affect intrinsic motivation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 22 (1996) 24-33
    • (1996) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.22 , pp. 24-33
    • Reeve, J.1    Deci, E.L.2
  • 248
    • 21144482234 scopus 로고
    • Social comparison and the pill: Reactions to upward and downward comparison of contraceptive behavior
    • Reis T.J., Gerrard M., and Gibbons F.X. Social comparison and the pill: Reactions to upward and downward comparison of contraceptive behavior. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 19 (1993) 13-20
    • (1993) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.19 , pp. 13-20
    • Reis, T.J.1    Gerrard, M.2    Gibbons, F.X.3
  • 249
    • 0021243294 scopus 로고
    • On the relationship of hardiness to the Type A behavior pattern: Perception of life events vs. coping with life events
    • Rhodewalt F., and Agustsdottir S. On the relationship of hardiness to the Type A behavior pattern: Perception of life events vs. coping with life events. Journal of Research in Personality 18 (1984) 212-223
    • (1984) Journal of Research in Personality , vol.18 , pp. 212-223
    • Rhodewalt, F.1    Agustsdottir, S.2
  • 251
    • 0017590314 scopus 로고
    • Car crashes: Perceived vulnerability and willingness to pay for crash protection
    • Robertson L.S. Car crashes: Perceived vulnerability and willingness to pay for crash protection. Journal of Community Health 3 (1977) 136-141
    • (1977) Journal of Community Health , vol.3 , pp. 136-141
    • Robertson, L.S.1
  • 252
    • 84933487828 scopus 로고
    • Selective interaction as a strategy for identity maintenance: An affect control model
    • Robinson D.T., and Smith-Lovin L. Selective interaction as a strategy for identity maintenance: An affect control model. Social Psychology Quarterly 55 (1992) 12-28
    • (1992) Social Psychology Quarterly , vol.55 , pp. 12-28
    • Robinson, D.T.1    Smith-Lovin, L.2
  • 253
    • 21344473030 scopus 로고
    • Self-evaluation motives and uncertainty orientation: Asking the "who" question
    • Roney C.J.R., and Sorrentino R.M. Self-evaluation motives and uncertainty orientation: Asking the "who" question. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 21 (1995) 1319-1329
    • (1995) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.21 , pp. 1319-1329
    • Roney, C.J.R.1    Sorrentino, R.M.2
  • 254
    • 37849014808 scopus 로고
    • Relation of implicit theories to the construction of personal histories
    • Ross M. Relation of implicit theories to the construction of personal histories. Psychological Review 96 (1989) 341-357
    • (1989) Psychological Review , vol.96 , pp. 341-357
    • Ross, M.1
  • 255
    • 0002478693 scopus 로고
    • Attribution and social perception
    • Lindzey G., and Aronson E. (Eds), Random House, New York
    • Ross M., and Fletcher G.J.O. Attribution and social perception. In: Lindzey G., and Aronson E. (Eds). Handbook of social psychology 3rd ed. 2 (1985), Random House, New York 73-122
    • (1985) Handbook of social psychology 3rd ed. , vol.2 , pp. 73-122
    • Ross, M.1    Fletcher, G.J.O.2
  • 257
    • 0028487321 scopus 로고
    • Developmental changes in achievement evaluation: Motivational implications of self-other differences
    • Ruble D.N., Eisenberg R., and Higgins E.T. Developmental changes in achievement evaluation: Motivational implications of self-other differences. Child Development 65 (1994) 1095-1110
    • (1994) Child Development , vol.65 , pp. 1095-1110
    • Ruble, D.N.1    Eisenberg, R.2    Higgins, E.T.3
  • 258
    • 85190913384 scopus 로고
    • Changing patterns of behavior as skills are acquired: A functional model of self-evaluation
    • Suls J., and Wills T.A. (Eds), Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ
    • Ruble D.N., and Frey K.S. Changing patterns of behavior as skills are acquired: A functional model of self-evaluation. In: Suls J., and Wills T.A. (Eds). Social comparison: Contemporary theory and research (1991), Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ 79-113
    • (1991) Social comparison: Contemporary theory and research , pp. 79-113
    • Ruble, D.N.1    Frey, K.S.2
  • 260
    • 0026179153 scopus 로고
    • Possible selves in adulthood and old age: A tale of shifting horizons
    • Ryff C.D. Possible selves in adulthood and old age: A tale of shifting horizons. Psychology and Aging 6 (1991) 286-295
    • (1991) Psychology and Aging , vol.6 , pp. 286-295
    • Ryff, C.D.1
  • 261
    • 0000731150 scopus 로고
    • An observational study of children's attempts to monitor their expressive behavior
    • Saarni C. An observational study of children's attempts to monitor their expressive behavior. Child Development 55 (1984) 1504-1513
    • (1984) Child Development , vol.55 , pp. 1504-1513
    • Saarni, C.1
  • 262
    • 0001806831 scopus 로고
    • Avoidance of diagnostic information in self-evaluation of ability
    • Sachs R.P. Avoidance of diagnostic information in self-evaluation of ability. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 8 (1982) 242-246
    • (1982) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.8 , pp. 242-246
    • Sachs, R.P.1
  • 263
    • 0000117088 scopus 로고
    • Self-deception, self-esteem, and depression: The adaptive value of lying to oneself
    • Masling J. (Ed), Analytic Press, Hillsdale, NJ
    • Sackeim H.A. Self-deception, self-esteem, and depression: The adaptive value of lying to oneself. In: Masling J. (Ed). Empirical studies of psychoanalytical theories 1 (1983), Analytic Press, Hillsdale, NJ 101-157
    • (1983) Empirical studies of psychoanalytical theories , vol.1 , pp. 101-157
    • Sackeim, H.A.1
  • 268
    • 0016655953 scopus 로고
    • Self-presentation: Managing the impression of consistency when reality interferes with self-enhancement
    • Schlenker B.R. Self-presentation: Managing the impression of consistency when reality interferes with self-enhancement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 32 (1975) 1030-1037
    • (1975) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.32 , pp. 1030-1037
    • Schlenker, B.R.1
  • 269
    • 0001991081 scopus 로고
    • Self-identification: Toward an integration of the public and private self
    • Baumeister R. (Ed), Springer-Verlag, New York
    • Schlenker B.R. Self-identification: Toward an integration of the public and private self. In: Baumeister R. (Ed). Public self and private self (1986), Springer-Verlag, New York 21-62
    • (1986) Public self and private self , pp. 21-62
    • Schlenker, B.R.1
  • 270
    • 0001910589 scopus 로고
    • Audiences' reactions to self-enhancing, self-denigrating, and accurate self-presentations
    • Schlenker B.R., and Leary M.R. Audiences' reactions to self-enhancing, self-denigrating, and accurate self-presentations. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 18 (1982) 89-104
    • (1982) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.18 , pp. 89-104
    • Schlenker, B.R.1    Leary, M.R.2
  • 272
    • 0013819544 scopus 로고
    • An interpersonal approach to personality
    • Maher B. (Ed), Academic Press, New York
    • Secord P.F., and Backman C.W. An interpersonal approach to personality. In: Maher B. (Ed). Progress in experimental personality research 2 (1965), Academic Press, New York 91-125
    • (1965) Progress in experimental personality research , vol.2 , pp. 91-125
    • Secord, P.F.1    Backman, C.W.2
  • 273
    • 0000295270 scopus 로고
    • Changes in the valence of the self as a function of mood
    • Sedikides C. Changes in the valence of the self as a function of mood. Review of Personality and Social Psychology 11 (1992) 272-311
    • (1992) Review of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.11 , pp. 272-311
    • Sedikides, C.1
  • 274
    • 0001521208 scopus 로고
    • Mood as a determinant of attentional focus
    • Sedikides C. Mood as a determinant of attentional focus. Cognition and Emotion 6 (1992) 129-148
    • (1992) Cognition and Emotion , vol.6 , pp. 129-148
    • Sedikides, C.1
  • 275
    • 58149204738 scopus 로고
    • Assessment, enhancement and verification determinants of the self-evaluation process
    • Sedikides C. Assessment, enhancement and verification determinants of the self-evaluation process. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 65 (1993) 317-338
    • (1993) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.65 , pp. 317-338
    • Sedikides, C.1
  • 276
    • 84985807729 scopus 로고
    • Incongruent effects of sad mood on self-conception valence: It's a matter of time
    • Sedikides C. Incongruent effects of sad mood on self-conception valence: It's a matter of time. European Journal of Social Psychology 24 (1994) 161-172
    • (1994) European Journal of Social Psychology , vol.24 , pp. 161-172
    • Sedikides, C.1
  • 277
    • 0029392540 scopus 로고
    • Central and peripheral self-conceptions are differentially influenced by mood: Tests of the differential sensitivity hypothesis
    • Sedikides C. Central and peripheral self-conceptions are differentially influenced by mood: Tests of the differential sensitivity hypothesis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 69 (1995) 759-777
    • (1995) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.69 , pp. 759-777
    • Sedikides, C.1
  • 281
    • 0001501777 scopus 로고
    • Self-esteen and cognitive consistency effects on self-other evaluation
    • Shavit H., and Shouval R. Self-esteen and cognitive consistency effects on self-other evaluation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 16 (1980) 417-425
    • (1980) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.16 , pp. 417-425
    • Shavit, H.1    Shouval, R.2
  • 283
    • 0001081388 scopus 로고
    • Self-handicapping: The moderating roles of public self-consciousness and task importance
    • Shepperd J.A., and Arkin R.M. Self-handicapping: The moderating roles of public self-consciousness and task importance. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 15 (1989) 252-265
    • (1989) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.15 , pp. 252-265
    • Shepperd, J.A.1    Arkin, R.M.2
  • 284
    • 0030555853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abandoning unrealistic optimism: Performance estimates and the temporal proximity of self-relevant feedback
    • Shepperd J.A., Quellette J.A., and Fernandez J.K. Abandoning unrealistic optimism: Performance estimates and the temporal proximity of self-relevant feedback. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 70 (1996) 844-855
    • (1996) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.70 , pp. 844-855
    • Shepperd, J.A.1    Quellette, J.A.2    Fernandez, J.K.3
  • 285
    • 0000020263 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms underlying the false consensus effect: The special role of threat to the self
    • Sherman S.J., Presson C.C., and Chassin L. Mechanisms underlying the false consensus effect: The special role of threat to the self. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 10 (1984) 127-138
    • (1984) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.10 , pp. 127-138
    • Sherman, S.J.1    Presson, C.C.2    Chassin, L.3
  • 287
    • 0040456482 scopus 로고
    • Effects of self-esteem and one's own performances on attributions of others' success or failure
    • Shikanai K. Effects of self-esteem and one's own performances on attributions of others' success or failure. Japanese Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 24 (1984) 37-46
    • (1984) Japanese Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.24 , pp. 37-46
    • Shikanai, K.1
  • 288
    • 0016529347 scopus 로고
    • Responses to evaluation as a function of initial self-perceptions
    • Shrauger J.S. Responses to evaluation as a function of initial self-perceptions. Psychological Bulletin 82 (1975) 581-596
    • (1975) Psychological Bulletin , vol.82 , pp. 581-596
    • Shrauger, J.S.1
  • 289
    • 0002003066 scopus 로고
    • Selection and processing of self-evaluative information: Experimental evidence and clinical implication
    • Weary G., and Mirels H.L. (Eds), Oxford University Press, New York
    • Shrauger J.S. Selection and processing of self-evaluative information: Experimental evidence and clinical implication. In: Weary G., and Mirels H.L. (Eds). Integrations of clinical and social psychology (1982), Oxford University Press, New York 128-153
    • (1982) Integrations of clinical and social psychology , pp. 128-153
    • Shrauger, J.S.1
  • 290
    • 0016481554 scopus 로고
    • Self-evaluation and reaction to evaluations from others
    • Shrauger J.S., and Lund A. Self-evaluation and reaction to evaluations from others. Journal of Personality 43 (1975) 94-108
    • (1975) Journal of Personality , vol.43 , pp. 94-108
    • Shrauger, J.S.1    Lund, A.2
  • 291
    • 0001468871 scopus 로고
    • Self-esteem and differential responsiveness to success and failure
    • Silverman I. Self-esteem and differential responsiveness to success and failure. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 69 (1964) 115-119
    • (1964) Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology , vol.69 , pp. 115-119
    • Silverman, I.1
  • 292
    • 21844505798 scopus 로고
    • Unique individual or interchangeable group member?: The accentuation of intragroup differences versus similarities as an indicator of the individual self versus the collective self
    • Simon B., Pantaleo G., and Mummendey A. Unique individual or interchangeable group member?: The accentuation of intragroup differences versus similarities as an indicator of the individual self versus the collective self. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 69 (1995) 106-119
    • (1995) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.69 , pp. 106-119
    • Simon, B.1    Pantaleo, G.2    Mummendey, A.3
  • 295
    • 0000386764 scopus 로고
    • Seek, and ye shall find: Testing hypotheses about other people
    • Higgins E.T., Herman C.P., and Zanna M.P. (Eds), Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ
    • Snyder M. Seek, and ye shall find: Testing hypotheses about other people. In: Higgins E.T., Herman C.P., and Zanna M.P. (Eds). Social cognition: The Ontario symposium 1 (1981), Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ 277-303
    • (1981) Social cognition: The Ontario symposium , vol.1 , pp. 277-303
    • Snyder, M.1
  • 296
    • 0024040336 scopus 로고
    • Excuses: Their effective role in the negotiation of reality
    • Snyder C.R., and Higgins R.L. Excuses: Their effective role in the negotiation of reality. Psychological Bulletin 104 (1988) 23-35
    • (1988) Psychological Bulletin , vol.104 , pp. 23-35
    • Snyder, C.R.1    Higgins, R.L.2
  • 298
    • 0000315712 scopus 로고
    • Uncertainty orientation, motivation, and cognition
    • Sorrentino R.M., and Higgins E.T. (Eds), Guilford Press, New York
    • Sorrentino R.M., and Short J.C. Uncertainty orientation, motivation, and cognition. In: Sorrentino R.M., and Higgins E.T. (Eds). Handbook of motivation and cognition 1 (1986), Guilford Press, New York 378-403
    • (1986) Handbook of motivation and cognition , vol.1 , pp. 378-403
    • Sorrentino, R.M.1    Short, J.C.2
  • 299
    • 21144460885 scopus 로고
    • Perceptions of self-effect: now and in the future
    • Staats S., and Skowronski J.J. Perceptions of self-effect: now and in the future. Social Cognition 10 (1992) 415-431
    • (1992) Social Cognition , vol.10 , pp. 415-431
    • Staats, S.1    Skowronski, J.J.2
  • 300
    • 77957077319 scopus 로고
    • The psychology of self-affirmation: Sustaining the integrity of the self
    • Berkowitz L. (Ed), Academic Press, New York
    • Steele C.M. The psychology of self-affirmation: Sustaining the integrity of the self. In: Berkowitz L. (Ed). Advances in experimental social psychology 21 (1988), Academic Press, New York 261-302
    • (1988) Advances in experimental social psychology , vol.21 , pp. 261-302
    • Steele, C.M.1
  • 302
    • 0024547376 scopus 로고
    • Testing some attribution-emotion relations in the People's Republic of China
    • Stipek D., Weiner B., and Li K. Testing some attribution-emotion relations in the People's Republic of China. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 56 (1989) 109-116
    • (1989) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.56 , pp. 109-116
    • Stipek, D.1    Weiner, B.2    Li, K.3
  • 303
    • 0040282968 scopus 로고
    • Modesty versus self-enhancement as alternative forms of ingratiation
    • Stires L.D., and Jones E.E. Modesty versus self-enhancement as alternative forms of ingratiation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 5 (1969) 172-188
    • (1969) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.5 , pp. 172-188
    • Stires, L.D.1    Jones, E.E.2
  • 305
    • 0022115825 scopus 로고
    • Relinquishment of control and the Type A behavior pattern: The role of performance evaluation
    • Strube M.J., Berry J.M., and Moergen S. Relinquishment of control and the Type A behavior pattern: The role of performance evaluation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 49 (1985) 831-842
    • (1985) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.49 , pp. 831-842
    • Strube, M.J.1    Berry, J.M.2    Moergen, S.3
  • 310
    • 10144224660 scopus 로고
    • Control motivation and self-appraisal
    • Weary G., Gleicher F., and Marsh K. (Eds), Springer-Verlag, New York
    • Strube M.J., and Yost J.H. Control motivation and self-appraisal. In: Weary G., Gleicher F., and Marsh K. (Eds). Control motivation and social cognition (1993), Springer-Verlag, New York 220-254
    • (1993) Control motivation and social cognition , pp. 220-254
    • Strube, M.J.1    Yost, J.H.2
  • 311
    • 77956730668 scopus 로고
    • William James and contemporary research on the self: The influence of pragmatism, reality, and truth
    • Donnelley M.E. (Ed), American Psychological Association, Washington, DC
    • Strube M.J., Yost J.H., and Bailey J.R. William James and contemporary research on the self: The influence of pragmatism, reality, and truth. In: Donnelley M.E. (Ed). Reinterpreting the legacy of William James (1992), American Psychological Association, Washington, DC 189-207
    • (1992) Reinterpreting the legacy of William James , pp. 189-207
    • Strube, M.J.1    Yost, J.H.2    Bailey, J.R.3
  • 312
    • 0013523232 scopus 로고
    • The self-concept and accuracy of recall of inconsistent self-related information
    • Suinn R.M., Osborne D., and Page W. The self-concept and accuracy of recall of inconsistent self-related information. Journal of Clinical Psychology 18 (1962) 473-474
    • (1962) Journal of Clinical Psychology , vol.18 , pp. 473-474
    • Suinn, R.M.1    Osborne, D.2    Page, W.3
  • 314
    • 0023271684 scopus 로고
    • In search of the false uniqueness phenomenon: Fear and estimates of social consensus
    • Suls J., and Wan C.K. In search of the false uniqueness phenomenon: Fear and estimates of social consensus. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 52 (1987) 211-217
    • (1987) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.52 , pp. 211-217
    • Suls, J.1    Wan, C.K.2
  • 315
    • 0013136339 scopus 로고
    • Are we all less risky and more skillful than our fellow driver
    • Svenson O. Are we all less risky and more skillful than our fellow driver. Acta Psychologica 47 (1981) 143-148
    • (1981) Acta Psychologica , vol.47 , pp. 143-148
    • Svenson, O.1
  • 316
    • 0002055951 scopus 로고
    • Self-verification: Bringing social reality into harmony with the self
    • Suls J., and Greenwald A.G. (Eds), Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ
    • Swann Jr. W.B. Self-verification: Bringing social reality into harmony with the self. In: Suls J., and Greenwald A.G. (Eds). Psychological perspectives on the self 2 (1983), Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ 33-66
    • (1983) Psychological perspectives on the self , vol.2 , pp. 33-66
    • Swann Jr., W.B.1
  • 318
    • 0000857845 scopus 로고
    • To be adored or to be known?: The interplay of self-enhancement and self-verification
    • Higgins E.T., and Sorrentino R.M. (Eds), Guilford Press, New York
    • Swann Jr. W.B. To be adored or to be known?: The interplay of self-enhancement and self-verification. In: Higgins E.T., and Sorrentino R.M. (Eds). Handbook of motivation and cognition: Foundations of social behavior 2 (1990), Guilford Press, New York 408-448
    • (1990) Handbook of motivation and cognition: Foundations of social behavior , vol.2 , pp. 408-448
    • Swann Jr., W.B.1
  • 321
    • 0001805050 scopus 로고
    • When our identities are mistaken: Reaffirming self-conceptions through social interaction
    • Swann Jr. W.B., and Hill C.A. When our identities are mistaken: Reaffirming self-conceptions through social interaction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 17 (1982) 351-372
    • (1982) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.17 , pp. 351-372
    • Swann Jr., W.B.1    Hill, C.A.2
  • 322
    • 84965506875 scopus 로고
    • Embracing the bitter "truth": Negative self-concepts and marital commitment
    • Swann Jr. W.B., Hixon J.G., and De La Ronde C. Embracing the bitter "truth": Negative self-concepts and marital commitment. Psychological Science 3 (1992) 118-121
    • (1992) Psychological Science , vol.3 , pp. 118-121
    • Swann Jr., W.B.1    Hixon, J.G.2    De La Ronde, C.3
  • 324
  • 329
    • 0001868677 scopus 로고
    • The social identity theory of intergroup behavior
    • Worchel S., and Austin W. (Eds), Nelson-Hall, Chicago
    • Tajfel H., and Turner J.C. The social identity theory of intergroup behavior. In: Worchel S., and Austin W. (Eds). Psychology of intergroup relations (1986), Nelson-Hall, Chicago 7-24
    • (1986) Psychology of intergroup relations , pp. 7-24
    • Tajfel, H.1    Turner, J.C.2
  • 330
    • 77956783336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • T. Takata Self-deprecative social comparison in Japan. Paper presented at the International Conference on Emotion and Culture, Eugene, Oregon
    • T. Takata Self-deprecative social comparison in Japan. Paper presented at the International Conference on Emotion and Culture, Eugene, Oregon
  • 331
    • 58149367888 scopus 로고
    • Adjustment to threatening events: A theory of cognitive adaptation
    • Taylor S.E. Adjustment to threatening events: A theory of cognitive adaptation. American Psychologist 1983 38 (1992) 1161-1173
    • (1992) American Psychologist 1983 , vol.38 , pp. 1161-1173
    • Taylor, S.E.1
  • 333
    • 0023968228 scopus 로고
    • Illusion and well-being: A social psychological perspective on mental health
    • Taylor S.E., and Brown J.D. Illusion and well-being: A social psychological perspective on mental health. Psychological Bulletin 103 (1988) 193-210
    • (1988) Psychological Bulletin , vol.103 , pp. 193-210
    • Taylor, S.E.1    Brown, J.D.2
  • 334
    • 0028473917 scopus 로고
    • Positive illusions and well-being revisited: Separating fact from fiction
    • Taylor S.E., and Brown J.D. Positive illusions and well-being revisited: Separating fact from fiction. Psychological Bulletin 116 (1994) 21-27
    • (1994) Psychological Bulletin , vol.116 , pp. 21-27
    • Taylor, S.E.1    Brown, J.D.2
  • 338
    • 77956783596 scopus 로고
    • The perception of self and others: Acquaintanceship, affect, and actor-observer differences
    • Taylor S.E., and Koivumaki J.H. The perception of self and others: Acquaintanceship, affect, and actor-observer differences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 46 (1976) 489-502
    • (1976) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.46 , pp. 489-502
    • Taylor, S.E.1    Koivumaki, J.H.2
  • 339
    • 0024741640 scopus 로고
    • Social comparison activity under threat: Downward evaluation and upward contacts
    • Taylor S.E., and Lobel M. Social comparison activity under threat: Downward evaluation and upward contacts. Psychological Review 96 (1989) 569-575
    • (1989) Psychological Review , vol.96 , pp. 569-575
    • Taylor, S.E.1    Lobel, M.2
  • 341
    • 0002237516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social comparison, self-regulation, and motivation
    • Sorrentino R.M., and Higgins E.T. (Eds), Guilford Press, New York
    • Taylor S.E., Wayment H.A., and Carrillo M. Social comparison, self-regulation, and motivation. In: Sorrentino R.M., and Higgins E.T. (Eds). Handbook of motivation and cognition (1996), Guilford Press, New York 3-27
    • (1996) Handbook of motivation and cognition , pp. 3-27
    • Taylor, S.E.1    Wayment, H.A.2    Carrillo, M.3
  • 342
    • 0040989099 scopus 로고
    • Public and private experiences and the self
    • Baumeister R. (Ed), Springer-Verlag, New York
    • Tedeschi J.T. Public and private experiences and the self. In: Baumeister R. (Ed). Public self and private self (1986), Springer-Verlag, New York 1-20
    • (1986) Public self and private self , pp. 1-20
    • Tedeschi, J.T.1
  • 343
    • 0000962584 scopus 로고
    • Some effects of self-evaluation maintenance on cognition and action
    • Sorrentino R.M., and Higgins E.T. (Eds), Guilford, New York
    • Tesser A. Some effects of self-evaluation maintenance on cognition and action. In: Sorrentino R.M., and Higgins E.T. (Eds). Handbook of motivation and cognition 1 (1986), Guilford, New York 435-464
    • (1986) Handbook of motivation and cognition , vol.1 , pp. 435-464
    • Tesser, A.1
  • 344
    • 77957024810 scopus 로고
    • Toward a self-evaluation maintenance model of social behavior
    • Berkowitz L. (Ed), Academic Press, New York
    • Tesser A. Toward a self-evaluation maintenance model of social behavior. In: Berkowitz L. (Ed). Advances in experimental social psychology 21 (1988), Academic Press, New York 181-227
    • (1988) Advances in experimental social psychology , vol.21 , pp. 181-227
    • Tesser, A.1
  • 346
    • 85047681713 scopus 로고
    • The definition of self: Private and public self-evaluation management strategies
    • Tesser A., and Paulhus D. The definition of self: Private and public self-evaluation management strategies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 44 (1983) 672-682
    • (1983) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.44 , pp. 672-682
    • Tesser, A.1    Paulhus, D.2
  • 347
    • 0001386062 scopus 로고
    • The impact of social comparison after failure: The moderating effects of perceived control
    • Testa M., and Major B. The impact of social comparison after failure: The moderating effects of perceived control. Basic and Applied Social Psychology 44 (1990) 672-682
    • (1990) Basic and Applied Social Psychology , vol.44 , pp. 672-682
    • Testa, M.1    Major, B.2
  • 348
    • 84925923148 scopus 로고
    • Explaining teacher explanations for pupil performance: An examination of the self-presentation interpretation
    • Tetlock P.E. Explaining teacher explanations for pupil performance: An examination of the self-presentation interpretation. Social Psychology Quarterly 43 (1980) 283-290
    • (1980) Social Psychology Quarterly , vol.43 , pp. 283-290
    • Tetlock, P.E.1
  • 349
    • 0001654219 scopus 로고
    • Esteem protection or enhancement? Self-handicapping motives and attributions differ by trait self-esteem
    • Tice D.M. Esteem protection or enhancement? Self-handicapping motives and attributions differ by trait self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 60 (1991) 711-725
    • (1991) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.60 , pp. 711-725
    • Tice, D.M.1
  • 351
    • 0040506181 scopus 로고
    • The self and social behavior in differing cultural contexts
    • Triandis H.C. The self and social behavior in differing cultural contexts. Psychological Review 96 (1989) 506-520
    • (1989) Psychological Review , vol.96 , pp. 506-520
    • Triandis, H.C.1
  • 352
    • 85047684056 scopus 로고
    • Seeking information about one's own ability as a determinant of choice among tasks
    • Trope Y. Seeking information about one's own ability as a determinant of choice among tasks. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 32 (1975) 1004-1013
    • (1975) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.32 , pp. 1004-1013
    • Trope, Y.1
  • 353
    • 0009250683 scopus 로고
    • Uncertainty-reducing properties of achievement tasks
    • Trope Y. Uncertainty-reducing properties of achievement tasks. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 37 (1979) 1505-1518
    • (1979) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.37 , pp. 1505-1518
    • Trope, Y.1
  • 354
    • 0000472903 scopus 로고
    • Self-assessment, self-enhancement, and task preference
    • Trope Y. Self-assessment, self-enhancement, and task preference. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 16 (1980) 116-129
    • (1980) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.16 , pp. 116-129
    • Trope, Y.1
  • 356
    • 0002538712 scopus 로고
    • Self-assessment in achievement behavior
    • Suls J.M., and Greenwald A.G. (Eds), Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ
    • Trope Y. Self-assessment in achievement behavior. In: Suls J.M., and Greenwald A.G. (Eds). Psychological perspectives on the self 2 (1983), Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ 93-121
    • (1983) Psychological perspectives on the self , vol.2 , pp. 93-121
    • Trope, Y.1
  • 357
    • 0001140158 scopus 로고
    • Self-enhancement and self-assessment in achievement behavior
    • Sorrentino R.M., and Higgins E.T. (Eds), Guilford Press, New York
    • Trope Y. Self-enhancement and self-assessment in achievement behavior. In: Sorrentino R.M., and Higgins E.T. (Eds). Handbook of motivation and cognition: Foundations of social behavior 1 (1986), Guilford Press, New York 350-378
    • (1986) Handbook of motivation and cognition: Foundations of social behavior , vol.1 , pp. 350-378
    • Trope, Y.1
  • 358
    • 0002491344 scopus 로고
    • Confirmatory and diagnosing strategies in social information gathering
    • Trope Y., and Bassok M. Confirmatory and diagnosing strategies in social information gathering. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 43 (1982) 22-34
    • (1982) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.43 , pp. 22-34
    • Trope, Y.1    Bassok, M.2
  • 359
    • 0011624281 scopus 로고
    • Task construction and persistence as means for self-assessment of abilities
    • Trope Y., and Ben-Yair E. Task construction and persistence as means for self-assessment of abilities. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 42 (1982) 637-645
    • (1982) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.42 , pp. 637-645
    • Trope, Y.1    Ben-Yair, E.2
  • 360
    • 0041072024 scopus 로고
    • Difficulty and diagnosticity as determinants of choice among tasks
    • Trope Y., and Brickman P. Difficulty and diagnosticity as determinants of choice among tasks. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 31 (1975) 918-925
    • (1975) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.31 , pp. 918-925
    • Trope, Y.1    Brickman, P.2
  • 361
    • 0028414894 scopus 로고
    • Reconciling competing motives in self-evaluation: The role of self-control in feedback seeking
    • Trope Y., and Neter E. Reconciling competing motives in self-evaluation: The role of self-control in feedback seeking. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 66 (1994) 646-657
    • (1994) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.66 , pp. 646-657
    • Trope, Y.1    Neter, E.2
  • 363
    • 84925923022 scopus 로고
    • The effects of the certainty of self-perceptions on self-presentation behaviors
    • Ungar S. The effects of the certainty of self-perceptions on self-presentation behaviors. Social Psychology Quarterly 43 (1980) 165-172
    • (1980) Social Psychology Quarterly , vol.43 , pp. 165-172
    • Ungar, S.1
  • 365
    • 0021530059 scopus 로고
    • Negative affectivity: The disposition to experience aversive emotional states
    • Watson D., and Clark L.A. Negative affectivity: The disposition to experience aversive emotional states. Psychological Bulletin 96 (1984) 465-490
    • (1984) Psychological Bulletin , vol.96 , pp. 465-490
    • Watson, D.1    Clark, L.A.2
  • 366
    • 0029441410 scopus 로고
    • Self-evaluation processes: Motives, information use, and self-esteem
    • Wayment H.A., and Taylor S.E. Self-evaluation processes: Motives, information use, and self-esteem. Journal of Personality 63 (1995) 729-757
    • (1995) Journal of Personality , vol.63 , pp. 729-757
    • Wayment, H.A.1    Taylor, S.E.2
  • 368
    • 0004243155 scopus 로고
    • Holt, Rinehart, & Winston, New York
    • Weiner B. Human motivation. (1980), Holt, Rinehart, & Winston, New York
    • (1980) Human motivation.
    • Weiner, B.1
  • 370
    • 0020352212 scopus 로고
    • Unrealistic optimism about susceptibility to health problems
    • Weinstein N.D. Unrealistic optimism about susceptibility to health problems. Journal of Behavioral Medicine 5 (1982) 441-460
    • (1982) Journal of Behavioral Medicine , vol.5 , pp. 441-460
    • Weinstein, N.D.1
  • 371
    • 0002593644 scopus 로고
    • Reducing unrealistic optimism about illness susceptibility
    • Weinstein N.D. Reducing unrealistic optimism about illness susceptibility. Health Psychology 2 (1983) 11-20
    • (1983) Health Psychology , vol.2 , pp. 11-20
    • Weinstein, N.D.1
  • 372
    • 0003060890 scopus 로고
    • Motivation as a determinant of upward comparison
    • Wheeler L. Motivation as a determinant of upward comparison. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 2 Suppl. 1 (1966) 27-31
    • (1966) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.2 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 27-31
    • Wheeler, L.1
  • 377
    • 0025929167 scopus 로고
    • Hardiness and stress moderation: A test of proposed mechanisms
    • Wiebe D.J. Hardiness and stress moderation: A test of proposed mechanisms. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 60 (1991) 89-99
    • (1991) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.60 , pp. 89-99
    • Wiebe, D.J.1
  • 378
    • 0000531398 scopus 로고
    • Downward comparison principles in social psychology
    • Wills T.A. Downward comparison principles in social psychology. Psychological Bulletin 90 (1981) 245-271
    • (1981) Psychological Bulletin , vol.90 , pp. 245-271
    • Wills, T.A.1
  • 379
    • 0000111073 scopus 로고
    • Social comparison in coping and help-seeking
    • DePaulo B.M., Nadler A., and Fisher J.D. (Eds), Academic Press, New York
    • Wills T.A. Social comparison in coping and help-seeking. In: DePaulo B.M., Nadler A., and Fisher J.D. (Eds). New directions in helping 2 (1983), Academic Press, New York 109-141
    • (1983) New directions in helping , vol.2 , pp. 109-141
    • Wills, T.A.1
  • 380
    • 85190924761 scopus 로고
    • Similarity and self-esteem in downward comparison
    • Suls J., and Wills T.A. (Eds), Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ
    • Wills T.A. Similarity and self-esteem in downward comparison. In: Suls J., and Wills T.A. (Eds). Social comparison: Contemporary theory and research (1991), Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ 51-78
    • (1991) Social comparison: Contemporary theory and research , pp. 51-78
    • Wills, T.A.1
  • 381
    • 21844498467 scopus 로고
    • Most-memorable experiences: Evidence for a link between implicit and explicit motives and social cognitive processes in everyday life
    • Woike B.A. Most-memorable experiences: Evidence for a link between implicit and explicit motives and social cognitive processes in everyday life. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 68 (1995) 1081-1091
    • (1995) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.68 , pp. 1081-1091
    • Woike, B.A.1
  • 382
    • 21144481611 scopus 로고
    • Global-specific incongruencies in self-worth and the search for self-knowledge
    • Woike B.A., and Baumgardner A.H. Global-specific incongruencies in self-worth and the search for self-knowledge. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 19 (1993) 290-295
    • (1993) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.19 , pp. 290-295
    • Woike, B.A.1    Baumgardner, A.H.2
  • 383
    • 0000531398 scopus 로고
    • Downward comparison principles in social psychology
    • Wood J.V. Downward comparison principles in social psychology. Psychological Bulletin 90 (1989) 245-271
    • (1989) Psychological Bulletin , vol.90 , pp. 245-271
    • Wood, J.V.1
  • 386
    • 85190914126 scopus 로고
    • Serving self-relevant goals through social comparison
    • Suls J., and Wills T.A. (Eds), Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ
    • Wood J.V., and Taylor K.L. Serving self-relevant goals through social comparison. In: Suls J., and Wills T.A. (Eds). Social comparison: Contemporary theory and research (1991), Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ 23-49
    • (1991) Social comparison: Contemporary theory and research , pp. 23-49
    • Wood, J.V.1    Taylor, K.L.2
  • 388
    • 0001083420 scopus 로고
    • The effects of feedback about self and others on the recall and judgments of feedback-relevant information
    • Wyer Jr. R.S., and Frey D. The effects of feedback about self and others on the recall and judgments of feedback-relevant information. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 19 (1983) 540-559
    • (1983) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.19 , pp. 540-559
    • Wyer Jr., R.S.1    Frey, D.2
  • 390
    • 21344497410 scopus 로고
    • Aiming at the top? Upward social comparison of abilities after failure
    • Ybema J.F., and Buunk B.P. Aiming at the top? Upward social comparison of abilities after failure. European Journal of Social Psychology 23 (1993) 627-645
    • (1993) European Journal of Social Psychology , vol.23 , pp. 627-645
    • Ybema, J.F.1    Buunk, B.P.2
  • 391
    • 0000703579 scopus 로고
    • The attitude-behavior relation: Moving toward the third generation of research
    • Zanna M.P., Higgins E.T., and Herman C.P. (Eds), Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ
    • Zanna M.P., and Fazio R.H. The attitude-behavior relation: Moving toward the third generation of research. In: Zanna M.P., Higgins E.T., and Herman C.P. (Eds). Consistency in social behavior: The Ontario symposium 2 (1982), Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ 283-301
    • (1982) Consistency in social behavior: The Ontario symposium , vol.2 , pp. 283-301
    • Zanna, M.P.1    Fazio, R.H.2
  • 392
    • 84985274571 scopus 로고
    • Attribution of success and failure revisited, or: The motivational bias is alive and well in attribution theory
    • Zuckerman M. Attribution of success and failure revisited, or: The motivational bias is alive and well in attribution theory. Journal of Personality 47 (1979) 245-287
    • (1979) Journal of Personality , vol.47 , pp. 245-287
    • Zuckerman, M.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.